https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/183601 2026-05-07T13:19:52Z 2026-05-07T13:19:52Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/194990 2023-07-27T20:59:08Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Auditory efferent system: new insights from cortex to cochlea Délano Reyes, Paul Hinckley; Elgoyhen, Ana B. The main function of the sensory systems is the transducing of external stimuli into bioelectrical signals, which are conducted through afferent pathways from sensory epithelia to the brain. However, it is known that descending projections are ubiquitous in the different sensory modalities, and in the case of auditory efferents connect the cerebral cortex with sensory receptor cells. Several functions have been attributed to the efferent system, including protection to acoustic trauma, unmasking of auditory stimuli in background noise, balance of interaural sensitivity and some cognitive functions like modulation of cochlear sensitivity during selective attention to auditory or visual stimuli. In addition there is evidence of a possible involvement of the efferent system in the etiology or treatment of some clinical pathologies like tinnitus. In this e-book, entitled “Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea”, we aimed to give an overview of the advances concerning the descending projections from the auditory cortex to subcortical nuclei and the olivocochlear system. In addition, different theoretical proposals of efferent functions are presented. We think that this e-book is an important contribution to the understanding of the efferent system in mammals, merging auditory-cortex literature with studies performed in the olivocochlear system.

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z Massardo Vega, Lucía Teresa Jaimovich Fernández, Rodrigo https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/188326 2026-03-16T16:00:53Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Cardiovascular risk stratification prior to non-cardiac surgery Massardo Vega, Lucía Teresa; Jaimovich Fernández, Rodrigo Cardiovascular perioperative risk assessment in non-cardiac patients is an important subject in clinical practice, with a great impact in global health costs worldwide. It has been defined as the risk of a cardiac event occurring in non-cardiac surgeries. There are national and international society guidelines with relatively similar recommendations; however, some controversies and different approaches exist depending on the available health systems, resources, and/or local experience. Several surgical procedures imply a significant cardiovascular risk to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), in some of them unknown or with silent presentation, common in diabetics. Patients with peripheral arterial vascular disease are more prone to present CAD and present higher perioperative risks, most prominent in major non-cardiac surgical procedures. There is a strong need to be aware of these conditions in all patients prior to surgical interventions obtaining adequate and standardized risk stratification. The risks are inherent to the required anesthesia procedures and interventional times, fluid requirements, and other issues. Then, clinical and surgical risks should always be considered in every case. In general, it is necessary to know the urgency of the procedure, its inherited cardiovascular risk (low, intermediate, or high), and the individual clinical and surgical risks, including different variables such as age, general condition, comorbidities, cardiopulmonary symptoms, kidney function, medications, and electrocardiogram (EKG) abnormalities. In this chapter, we will review the current use of non-invasive techniques to assess cardiovascular risk, mainly with radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), prior to non-cardiac surgery. The high negative predictive value of MPI is well established. Cardiac imaging is preferred in cases with intermediate to high clinical risk. A concise comparison with other available methods to evaluate this type of risk will be also addressed. Non-invasive stress testing indications are clearly depicted in the most latter perioperative risk assessment guidelines. We will give special emphasis to appropriate indications of radionuclide stress testing and safety including vulnerable populations, such as diabetics, chronic failure patients, organ transplant candidates, and elderly population.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Grossman, Gabriel Mut, Fernando Massardo Vega, Lucía Teresa Vita, Nestor https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/188319 2026-03-16T16:00:41Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Medicina nuclear Grossman, Gabriel; Mut, Fernando; Massardo Vega, Lucía Teresa; Vita, Nestor

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/186479 2022-07-05T15:57:15Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tiempos de pandemia COVID-19: la conversión del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile Farfán Carreño, Fernanda

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z