https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117682 Artículos de revistas Wed, 08 Apr 2026 03:04:34 GMT 2026-04-08T03:04:34Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/199554 Trade-off between hydraulic sensitivity, root hydraulic conductivity and water use efficiency in grafted prunus under water deficit Toro, Guillermo; Pastenes Villarreal, Claudio; Salvatierra, Ariel; Pimientel, Paula Sweet cherry is mainly cultivated in arid and semi-arid areas. In the last decade, these areas have experienced a dramatic reduction in rainfall, which has resulted in water shortage for sweet cherry. The use of specific rootstock and scion combinations could help improve the tolerance of plants to water shortage events. This study reports on the influence of rootstocks on whole-plant performance under water deficit as detected by hydraulic sensitivity, root hydraulic conductivity (L p ), water use efficiency and sugar content. Four Prunus rootstocks/scion combinations - ’Bing/Colt’, ’Lapins/Colt’, ’Bing/Mx60’, ’Lapins/Mx60’, and two self-rooted rootstocks Colt and Maxma 60 - were acclimated for 30 days and then exposed to well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions for 36 days. Whole-plant transpiration and growth were both influenced by WD, and two groups were identified based on responses: ’Bing/Colt’, ’Bing/Mx60’ and ’Mx60’ had an early reduction (conservative strategy), whereas ’Lapins/Mx60’, ’Lapins/Colt’ and ’Colt’ had late reduction (productive strategy) in transpiration as WD increased. Among the combinations, ’Lapins/Colt’ and ’Colt’ showed a remarkable growth response to the WD being less affected in shoot and root biomass. The ’Colt’ rootstock maintained a higher Ψ (near- isohydric behavior) than combinations using the ’Mx60’ rootstock (near anisohydric behavior). The relationship between L gs50 p and the variation of Ψ pre-dawn under WD condition the reduction in L p -Ψ midday showed differences among rootstock/scion combinations, and induced by WD affected the whole-plant WUE of combinations differently. Sucrose and sorbitol content in leaves and roots of WD-tolerant combinations such as ’Colt’ and ’Lapins/ Colt’, showed a remarkable increase under WD condition. Our finding highlights the importance of the specific interaction between rootstock and scion, suggesting that combinations characterized by a higher water uptake capacity under conditions of lower water availability would be sustainable under minimal to moderate water deficit. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/199554 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/198994 Assessing the effect of artificial shading and saccharose sprays on the yield and fruit quality of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) Prat del Río, María Loreto; Robinson, James; Muñoz Schick, Carlos Esteban; Garrido Salinas, Marco Isaac A natural low fruit set is reported in cranberry. It is hypothesised that a carbohydrate shortage limits fruit set, and thus yield potential. We aimed to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate availability induced by shade and saccharose spraying during reproductive stages of ‘Stevens’ cranberry to identify critical periods for yield and juice quality (soluble solids, acidity, and colour). Two independent experiments were conducted. On five separate dates, artificial shade (90% shade nets) was imposed for two weeks. On the same dates, 417 kg ha−1 of saccharose was sprayed as a 10% w/v solution. Results showed that shading from full bloom to the beginning of the fruit set reduced fruit number and juice colour. In contrast, 10% saccharose spray increased yield by 22% compared to the control without compromising juice quality. Therefore, the period between the end of full bloom and the beginning of fruit growth is the most critical stage for ‘Stevens’ cranberry. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/198994 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/198971 High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure Guo, Wen-Yong; Serra Diaz, Josep M.; Schrodt, Franziska; Eiserhardt, Wolf L.; Maitner, Brian S.; Merow, Cory; Violle, Cyrille; Anand, Madhur; Belluau, Michael; Bruun, Hans Henrik; Byun, Chaeho; Catford, Jane A.; Cerabolini, Bruno E. L.; Chacón Madrigal, Eduardo; Ciccarelli, Daniela; Cornelissen, J. Hans C.; Dang-Le, Anh Tuan; de Frutos, Ángel; Dias, Arildo S.; Giroldo, Aelton B.; Guo, Kun; Gutiérrez Ilabaca, Álvaro Guillermo; Hattingh, Wesley; He, Tianhua; Hietz, Peter; Hough-Snee, Nate; Jansen, Steven; Kattge, Jens; Klein, Tamir; Komac, Benjamín; Kraft, Nathan J. B.; Kramer, Koen; Lavorel, Sandra; Lusk, Christopher H.; Martin, Adam R.; Mencuccini, Maurizio; Michaletz, Sean T.; Minden, Vanessa; Mori, Akira S.; Niinemets, Ulo; Yusuke, Onoda; Peñuelas, Josep; Pillar, Valerio D.; Pisek, Jan; Bjorn J. M., Robroek; Brandon, Schamp; Martijn, Slot; Sosinski Jr., Enio Egon; Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.; Thiffault, Nelson; Van Bodegom, Peter; Van der Plasj, Fons; Wright, Ian J.; Wubing, Xu; Zheng, Jingming; Enquist, Brian J.; Svenning, Jens-Christian Safeguarding Earth's tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species' range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting highpriority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species' range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for > 46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/198971 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/197382 Soil inorganic carbon, the other and equally important soil carbon pool: distribution, controlling factors, and the impact of climate change Sharififara, Amin; Minasny, Budiman; Arrouays, Dominique; Boulonne, Line; Chevallier, Tiphaine; Van Deventer, Piet; Field, Damien; Gómez, Cécile; Jang, Ho-Jun; Jeon, Sang-Ho; Koch, Jaco; Malone, Brendan; Marchant, Ben; Martin, Manuel P.; McBratney, Alex; Monger, Curtis; Munera Echeverri, José Luis; Padarian, José; Pfeiffer Jakob, Marco Matías; Richer de Forges, Anne C.; Saby, Nicolas P. A.; Singh, Kanika; Song, Xiao-Dong; Zamanian, Kazem; Zhang, Gan-Lin; Van Zijl, George Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contributes to up to half of the terrestrial C stock and is especially significant in arid and semi-arid environments, yet has not been explored as much as soil organic carbon (SOC). SIC plays an important role in agriculture, CO2 sequestration and emission and climate regulation. To address this, a comprehensive review is presented on the digital mapping of soil inorganic carbon including a discussion of SIC vertical variation, its controlling factors, and sequestration/emission capability. We surveyed SIC distribution and mapping efforts in Australia, South Africa, Chile, the Mediterranean basin, Iran, China, France, and the USA. We found that current detailed spatial information on SIC distribution and stock is relatively scarce and digital soil mapping (DSM) efforts to address this are modest. Furthermore, we do not have a complete soil C model that explicitly accounts for all sources and sinks of soil carbon. This review showed that many aspects of SIC in DSM and soil C studies have been so far ignored and that SIC has a crucial role in climate regulation. This review provides some insights into the importance and unknown aspects of SIC. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/197382 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z