https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117698 Artículos de revistas Thu, 07 May 2026 15:30:29 GMT 2026-05-07T15:30:29Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/196433 Litter management strategies and their impact on the environmental and respiratory microbiome might influence health in poultry Ivulic Vilches, Dinka Lenka; Rossello Mora, Ramón; Viver, Tomeu; Montero Forero, David Arturo; Vidal Vilches, Sonia Tamara; Aspee, Francisco; Hidalgo Olate, Héctor Aníbal; Vidal Álvarez, Roberto Mauricio Aerial and respiratory tract-associated bacterial diversity has been scarcely studied in broiler production systems. This study examined the relationship between the environmental air and birds' respiratory microbiome, considering a longitudinal sampling. Total viable bacteria and coliforms in the air were quantified, and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from tracheal and air samples obtained through a novelty protocol. Air results showed a decrease in coliforms over time. However, at week 3, we reported an increase in coliforms (from 143 to 474 CFUc/m(3)) associated with litter management. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene results indicated a distinctive air microbial community, associated primarily with Bacillota phylum particularly of the Bacilli class (>58%), under all conditions. Tracheal results indicated a predominance of Escherichia coli/Shigella at the beginning of the productive cycle, shifting toward the middle and end of the cycle to Gallibacterium. However, at week 3, the dominance of Escherichia coli/Shigella (>99.5%) associated with litter aeration by tumbling stood out. Tracheal and air samples displayed a statistically different community structure, but shared differentially abundant features through time: Enterococcus, Gallibacterium, and Romboutsia ilealis. These results indicate the impact of production management protocols on the birds' respiratory system that should be considered a breakpoint in poultry farm health. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/196433 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/195362 Encapsulation of atomized erythrocytes in liposomes as source of heme iron for oral supplementation strategies Valdés, Fabrizzio; Carrillo, Raúl; Campos, Francisca; Sáenz Iturriaga, Leonardo Enrique; Valenzuela Venegas, Carolina Paz This work aimed to develop and characterize liposomes of atomized bovine erythrocytes (ABE-liposomes) for potential use as a heme iron supplement or to fortify food with heme iron. Soy lecithin (SL) and Tween 80 (T80) were chosen to prepare empty liposomes (8 types), and ABE-liposomes (16 types) by a rotary-evaporated film method. Variables of interest for our study were: ABE concentration, proportion of SL:T80 and ultrasonic bath time. ABE-liposomes were characterized according to appearance, color, morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), size, zeta potential, total iron content, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro iron release under gastrointestinal conditions. ABE-liposomes presented a brown color and spherical shape. Hydrogen bridges were the main interactions in ABE-liposomes. Their size ranged from 379 to 964 nm, the zeta potential from 56 to 74 mV, the iron concentration range was 0.8–9.0 mg/100 mL, and EE ranged from 29% to 48%. Ultrasonic bath time was the most important variable on the reduction of ABE-liposomes' size and EE. Under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions, iron release from ABEliposomes occurred mainly at the intestinal level. In conclusion, ABE-liposomes were effectively developed, which could become a complement for supplementation or food fortification strategies with nonheme for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/195362 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/195360 Development of biodegradable and vermicompostable films based on alginate and waste eggshells Villanueva, Valeria; Valdés, Fabrizzio; Zúñiga, Rommy N.; Villamizar Sarmiento, María Gabriela; Soto Bustamante, Eduardo Arturo; Romero Hasler, Patricio; Riveros Salvatierra, Ana Luisa; Tapia, José; Lisoni, Judit; Oyarzún Ampuero, Felipe Andrés; Valenzuela Venegas, Carolina Paz The development of biofilms to replace plastics is urgent, due to the high environmental pollution caused by the non-biodegradable packaging. The objective of this study was to develop and understand the behavior and properties of biodegradable films based on an alginate/glycerol matrix with eggshell waste. Eggshells were transformed to eggshell powder (EP) and this ingredient used to obtain EP biodegradable films (EPBFs) using the casting method. EP contributed opacity and whitish coloration to the EPBFs. Stress-strain curves show that EP content significantly influences mechanical properties; resulting in harder, firmer and less elastic EPBFs with increasing EP content. The EPBFs had heterogeneous and rough surfaces with crystalline forms provided by EP with a particle size distribution ranged from 20.7 to 26.6 μm, arranged as a monolithic pattern with very low porosity. EPBFs were amorphous materials and WAXS analysis indicated that CaCO3 content ranged 18–50% in the EPBFs. Thermal decomposition processes of the EPBFs, was not affected by the EP addition at concentrations below 6%. The addition of EP increased the hydrophobicity of EPBFs, slowing solubilization in water; however, the water solubility percentage was high (82.9% for EPBF-2%–75.2% for EPBF-6%). EPBFs completely biodegrade in vermicomposting in short periods of time (between 14 and 21 days). In conclusion, EPBFs, derived from waste, constitute an interesting new material with desirable mechanical properties for potential use as food coatings or packaging. The biodegradable properties of EPBFs allow easy disposal by dissolving in water or by vermicomposting. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/195360 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/195358 Perception of cat owners on the use of insects as feed ingredients for cats Villanueva, Valeria; Valdés, Fabrizzio; Zavala, S.; Yáñez López, José Manuel; Valenzuela Venegas, Carolina Paz Currently, insects represent a sustainable alternative to animal-based ingredients for pet food, but there is little information on the willingness of cat owners to incorporate insects into their pet diets. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of cat owners to feed insect-based feed. Between June and August 2021, an on-line survey was provided to cat owners in Chile; of the total number of participants (1684), the majority were female (89.2%), with university education (73%) and omnivorous eating habits (63.7%). Participants had an average of 2 cats per household with indoor lifestyle (70.2%). Most participants (63.6%) were willing to feed insects to their cats. Participants were more willing to feed their cats treats containing 20% insect meal (Overall willingness (OW) = 7.1 ± 3.1, on a scale of 1 to 10), than pure insect meal (OW = 4.9 ± 3.3) or whole insects (OW = 4.4 ± 3.3). Cricket meal treats were the most acceptable. Acceptance toward insects increased when mentioning the environmental benefits of insect production (OW = 7.6 ± 2.9). Participants more willing to offer insect-based treats to their cats were also more willing to use pure insect meal and even whole insects. The reasons for not wanting to include insects in cat feed were disgust, unfamiliarity and preference for traditional pet foods. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/195358 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z