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Aplicación de una batería de marcadores microsatélite para evaluar la diversidad genética, estructura poblacional y su estabilidad temporal, en mytilus chilensis del sur de chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
Chile es el segundo productor y el primer exportador de mundial de mejillones del género Mytilus. El comercio internacional de alimentos requiere de sistemas de trazabilidad “del mar a la mesa” que permitan asegurar su calidad, inocuidad y...
Chile is the second producer and the world's leading exporter of mussels of the genus Mytilus. The international food trade requires traceability systems "from the sea to the table" to ensure its quality, safety and authenticity. To verify the administrative traceability systems, methods based on DNA analysis have been used, studying the genetic diversity, population structure and its temporal stability. This baseline allows the application of algorithms to assign individuals to their place of origin, verifying the information contained in the labeling. Our objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure and temporal stability of Mytilus chilensis in 6 localities of southern Chile, between 2009 and 2013, using 14 SSR loci. The 14 loci analyzed were polymorphic and on average 13.49 and 13.64 alleles were found per locus in 2009 and 2013 respectively. Significant deviations from the HWE were observed in 133 of the 165 tests performed. Slight population structure was found, the global fixation index (FST) values in 2009 and 2013 were low (0.014 and 0.009, respectively) but significantly different from zero (P <0.01) and genetic differentiation (FST) between pairs of localities was significant in 11 of the 15 comparisons made in 2009 and in 7 of the 15 comparisons made in 2013. The hierarchical space-time AMOVA analysis showed that there was no difference between the years, but the greatest variation of allele frequencies is found within the localities (97.77% in 2009 and 98.37% in 2009), the rest of the variation was due to differences between the localities. The total panel of 14 loci correctly assigned over 61% of the individuals to zones, while to locations it was only 36%. Although the correct allocation percentage was more than double that expected by chance, it is not sufficient for traceability purposes, so it is recommended to improve the marker panel with loci with greater allocation power or with SNP-type markers...
Chile is the second producer and the world's leading exporter of mussels of the genus Mytilus. The international food trade requires traceability systems "from the sea to the table" to ensure its quality, safety and authenticity. To verify the administrative traceability systems, methods based on DNA analysis have been used, studying the genetic diversity, population structure and its temporal stability. This baseline allows the application of algorithms to assign individuals to their place of origin, verifying the information contained in the labeling. Our objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure and temporal stability of Mytilus chilensis in 6 localities of southern Chile, between 2009 and 2013, using 14 SSR loci. The 14 loci analyzed were polymorphic and on average 13.49 and 13.64 alleles were found per locus in 2009 and 2013 respectively. Significant deviations from the HWE were observed in 133 of the 165 tests performed. Slight population structure was found, the global fixation index (FST) values in 2009 and 2013 were low (0.014 and 0.009, respectively) but significantly different from zero (P <0.01) and genetic differentiation (FST) between pairs of localities was significant in 11 of the 15 comparisons made in 2009 and in 7 of the 15 comparisons made in 2013. The hierarchical space-time AMOVA analysis showed that there was no difference between the years, but the greatest variation of allele frequencies is found within the localities (97.77% in 2009 and 98.37% in 2009), the rest of the variation was due to differences between the localities. The total panel of 14 loci correctly assigned over 61% of the individuals to zones, while to locations it was only 36%. Although the correct allocation percentage was more than double that expected by chance, it is not sufficient for traceability purposes, so it is recommended to improve the marker panel with loci with greater allocation power or with SNP-type markers...
"Cómo traer un pedacito de Inglaterra": a descriptive analysis of social representations of English as a foreign language in private language teaching schools in Santiago de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
Durante las últimas décadas, una gran cantidad de institutos privados de idiomas se han establecido como un medio importante para aprender inglés en Chile. Sin embargo, escasa atención se ha puesto a los temas de ideologías lingüísticas y...
In the last decades, many private language teaching schools (PLTS) have established themselves as a prominent medium for learning English in Chile. Nevertheless, scarce attention has been paid to issues regarding the language ideologies and the social representations behind these institutions. Consequently, the aim of this study is to characterize them concerning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and its social, political, and pedagogical implications in the process of teaching and learning in two PLTS from Santiago de Chile, Instituto Chileno-Británico de Cultura and Talk Chile. To accomplish this, 17 participants were selected among the three main social actors. Semi-structured interviews were carried out in the case of teachers and academic coordinators, while two focus groups were conducted in the case of the students. Results depict that the main categories, such as romantic and instrumental linguistic ideologies, pedagogical issues and social representations in advertising have an incidence in people’s beliefs when considering English as elemental, global and essential in their professional and daily life....
In the last decades, many private language teaching schools (PLTS) have established themselves as a prominent medium for learning English in Chile. Nevertheless, scarce attention has been paid to issues regarding the language ideologies and the social representations behind these institutions. Consequently, the aim of this study is to characterize them concerning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and its social, political, and pedagogical implications in the process of teaching and learning in two PLTS from Santiago de Chile, Instituto Chileno-Británico de Cultura and Talk Chile. To accomplish this, 17 participants were selected among the three main social actors. Semi-structured interviews were carried out in the case of teachers and academic coordinators, while two focus groups were conducted in the case of the students. Results depict that the main categories, such as romantic and instrumental linguistic ideologies, pedagogical issues and social representations in advertising have an incidence in people’s beliefs when considering English as elemental, global and essential in their professional and daily life....
Modelación numérica, diseño, construcción y análisis experimental del desempeño de un motor Stirling de baja entalpía
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
pruebas se obtuvieron las curvas de potencia y torque con uso de aire y para una temperatura de la sección caliente de 220 C, 280 C y 310 C donde se obtuvieron potencias máximas de 0.4, 0.9 y 1.46 Watts respectivamente y para el caso de helio se utilizaron...
Análisis e implementación del modelo de line switching en el sistema eléctrico chileno
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
topología del sistema (conocido en inglés como el problema de Transmission Switching) mediante una representación lineal entera mixto (MILP por su nombre en ingles de Mixed Integer Lineal Program). Además, se propone un algoritmo de solución mediante una...
Adhd and gender: Subjective experiences of children in Chile
(Univ Sao Paulo, 2019)
Although research on ADHD has tended to ignore gender differentials, recent contributions produced mainly from epidemiology have revealed that this diagnostic category seems to be strongly related to gender. However, these contributions seem to limit their scope to the study of the symptoms as well as cognitive, affective and social functioning of children, leaving aside subjective aspects associated with the ADHD practices of diagnosis and treatment. Thus, this article aims to explore how the gender dimension crosses the subjective experience of children diagnosed with ADHD. Based on open interviews conducted with children between the ages of 7 and 13, we show general trends that articulate gender and characteristics associated with the ADHD diagnosis, while at the same time, with children’s experiences that dislocate such trends. The findings were grouped according to four emerging axes: (1) locations, (2) abilities, (3) approches, (4) interactions. Thus, we will show how the experience of boys and girls is multiple in relation to the diagnosis and it is not possible to be reduced to a gender binary perspective....
Si bien las investigaciones sobre TDA-H han tendido a dejar los aspectos diferenciales de género en un lugar secundario, recientes contribuciones emanadas principalmente desde la epidemiología han revelado que esta categoría diagnóstica parece estar...
Si bien las investigaciones sobre TDA-H han tendido a dejar los aspectos diferenciales de género en un lugar secundario, recientes contribuciones emanadas principalmente desde la epidemiología han revelado que esta categoría diagnóstica parece estar...
Análisis técnico económico de la inclusión de proyectos de generación aprobados y pendientes de construir en el Sistema Interconectado Central
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
está en un
mercado competitivo, no correspondiendo a una actividad de servicio público, siendo
los precios fijados por el mercado.
2.1.2 Sector de la Transmisión
Está constituido por el conjunto de líneas, subestaciones y equipos destinados al...
. Este organismo no posee personalidad jurídica y está constituido por las principales empresas generadoras y transmisoras del sistema eléctrico. 2.3 Estructura de costos del mercado Los dos productos principales que se transan en el mercado...
. Este organismo no posee personalidad jurídica y está constituido por las principales empresas generadoras y transmisoras del sistema eléctrico. 2.3 Estructura de costos del mercado Los dos productos principales que se transan en el mercado...
Extracción de conocimiento nuevo desde los reclamos recibidos en el Servicio Nacional del Consumidor mediante técnicas de text mining
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
técnicas para realizar minería de textos. En este trabajo se utilizaron modelos de tópicos por su capacidad de encontrar semántica subyacente dentro de una colección de documentos. Dado que no queda claro cuál modelo de tópicos es mejor, se compararon 4 de...
El Altiplano: ciencia y conciencia en los Andes
(Universidad de Chile, 1997)
requerimientos de la industria
minera desarrollada en la región.
El Altiplano presenta, en consecuencia, características únicas para desarrollar investigaciones científicas puras y aplicadas,
interdisciplinarias, interinstitucionales y internacionales, en una...
región altiplánica y de sus problemas, con una visión regional integrada e inter- disciplinaria. Definir las líneas de investigación y de desarrollo regional de mayor importancia y urgencia. Impulsar proyectos de carácter cooperativo e...
región altiplánica y de sus problemas, con una visión regional integrada e inter- disciplinaria. Definir las líneas de investigación y de desarrollo regional de mayor importancia y urgencia. Impulsar proyectos de carácter cooperativo e...
Análisis del comportamiento de centrales hidroeléctricas de bombeo en la operación de sistemas interconectados
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
PHSS, entre las cuales se evaluaron 50MW, 100MW y 200MW, todas con una capacidad de almacenamiento de 8 horas. También se desarrolló un programa linear entero mixto que incorpora la operación de las centrales PHSS en un sistema tipo pool obligatorio...
Estimación del gasto de bolsillo en salud para los adultos mayores residentes en zonas urbanas de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
aliento y excelente disposición a resolver dudas.
Una especial mención es para don Leonardo González Allendes, quien me apoyó
con el software ocupado en la tesis y con sus conocimientos acerca de la
encuesta base. Su ayuda fue inigualable, teniendo...
.......................................................................................................................... 45 11 Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, no existe en Chile una cuantificación del gasto de bolsillo (GB) ni del gasto de bolsillo en salud (GBS) por grupo etario. La Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF), está dirigida a la...
.......................................................................................................................... 45 11 Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, no existe en Chile una cuantificación del gasto de bolsillo (GB) ni del gasto de bolsillo en salud (GBS) por grupo etario. La Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF), está dirigida a la...