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Efecto de la Reforma Educacional en la demanda por Educación Superior
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS Y MATEMÁTICAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL
EFECTO DE LA REFORMA EDUCACIONAL EN LA DEMANDA POR EDUCACIÓN
SUPERIOR
TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN...
datos del DEMRE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.3. Estadísticas descriptivas de las variables distancia geográfica, grado de similitud y puntajes ponderados para los procesos de admisión 2013,2014 y 2015. Fuente...
datos del DEMRE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.3. Estadísticas descriptivas de las variables distancia geográfica, grado de similitud y puntajes ponderados para los procesos de admisión 2013,2014 y 2015. Fuente...
Expresión Inmunohistoquímica de Ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX-2) y Factor de Crecimiento de Endotelio Vascular (VEGF) en Carcinoma Oral de Células Escamosas según grado de diferenciación histológica.
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
inflamación crónica y angiogénesis respectivamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la expresión y relación entre COX-2 y VEGF en COCE de distintos grados de diferenciación histológica.
Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron 39 muestras de COCE de...
Residencia diurna para el adulto mayor : “Tiempos Mejores”
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
En el último tiempo, Chile ha vivido importantes cambios, tales como modificación
sustancial del estilo de vida, avances económicos y sociales, progresos de la
medicina, y mejoría en políticas de salud, que conllevan cambios demográficos
como el...
Caracterización y optimización de la extracción mediante fluidos supercríticos de Parastrephia sp, una herbácea medicinal folclórica del Norte Grande de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
Parastrephia sp es una herbácea endémica del norte grande de Chile con una extensa historia en la medicina folclórica de las comunidades andinas, la cual ha sido traspasada a través de las generaciones hasta la actualidad siendo aun ampliamente...
Parastrephia sp is an endemic herbaceous plant from the north of Chile with an extensive history in the folkloric medicine of the Andean communities, which has been passed down through the generations to the present day and is still widely used for the relief of inflammatory conditions, either on its own or coupled to the treatments of current medicine. Therefore, several researchers have identified the chemical compounds that give it these healing qualities, as well as its physiological effect on the organism. However, there are no studies that have focused on the optimization of extraction processes for these bioactive compounds with enormous potential in the industry. Due to this, the present study will evaluate and optimize the extraction by supercritical fluids for Parastrephia sp making a comparison with the traditional method of maceration and obtain the optimal conditions that allow the efficient obtaining of an extract with a high content of phenolic compounds. The methodology carried out in this thesis emphasizes extraction by supercritical fluids for which an experimental design was established using Statgraphics Centurion XV statistical software with variability in the factors studied. In all cases, the % yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were quantified. In addition, physicochemical and proximate analyses were carried out on the sample in order to characterize this herbaceous plant. The results obtained showed that Parastrephia sp has important concentrations of carbohydrates and fibers, but its high lipid content (41-47~%) stands out, which has a fatty acid profile abundant in saturated fats, but its content of linoleic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), which are of great importance in human nutrition. Regarding the extraction methods studied, conventional maceration extraction showed that Parastrephia sp is an important source of polar compounds due to the high extraction yield (48.18%) obtained with the Water:Ethanol mixture as extractant. Thanks to these results, it was possible to optimize the extraction by supercritical fluids to obtain phenolic compounds, the appropriate parameters being 60°C, 15 MPa pressure, and the use of 30% of Ethanol as co-solvent. In the same context, the images obtained by confocal microscopy show that the supercritical extraction exerts structural changes in the cells of Parastrephia sp allowing a greater extraction of the bioactive compounds present in it, and, at the same time, would allow us to condition the extraction conditions towards the structures with higher concentrations of phenols to promote greater release and obtain them....
Parastrephia sp is an endemic herbaceous plant from the north of Chile with an extensive history in the folkloric medicine of the Andean communities, which has been passed down through the generations to the present day and is still widely used for the relief of inflammatory conditions, either on its own or coupled to the treatments of current medicine. Therefore, several researchers have identified the chemical compounds that give it these healing qualities, as well as its physiological effect on the organism. However, there are no studies that have focused on the optimization of extraction processes for these bioactive compounds with enormous potential in the industry. Due to this, the present study will evaluate and optimize the extraction by supercritical fluids for Parastrephia sp making a comparison with the traditional method of maceration and obtain the optimal conditions that allow the efficient obtaining of an extract with a high content of phenolic compounds. The methodology carried out in this thesis emphasizes extraction by supercritical fluids for which an experimental design was established using Statgraphics Centurion XV statistical software with variability in the factors studied. In all cases, the % yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were quantified. In addition, physicochemical and proximate analyses were carried out on the sample in order to characterize this herbaceous plant. The results obtained showed that Parastrephia sp has important concentrations of carbohydrates and fibers, but its high lipid content (41-47~%) stands out, which has a fatty acid profile abundant in saturated fats, but its content of linoleic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), which are of great importance in human nutrition. Regarding the extraction methods studied, conventional maceration extraction showed that Parastrephia sp is an important source of polar compounds due to the high extraction yield (48.18%) obtained with the Water:Ethanol mixture as extractant. Thanks to these results, it was possible to optimize the extraction by supercritical fluids to obtain phenolic compounds, the appropriate parameters being 60°C, 15 MPa pressure, and the use of 30% of Ethanol as co-solvent. In the same context, the images obtained by confocal microscopy show that the supercritical extraction exerts structural changes in the cells of Parastrephia sp allowing a greater extraction of the bioactive compounds present in it, and, at the same time, would allow us to condition the extraction conditions towards the structures with higher concentrations of phenols to promote greater release and obtain them....
Evaluación de los resultados de la rehabilitación en cirugía de tendones flexores de la mano en zona II en el Instituto Traumatológico de Santiago entre los años 2004-2006
(Universidad de Chile, 2006)
Los tendones flexores poseen la habilidad de generar grados variables de
fuerza y movimiento en diferentes localizaciones de la mano, lo cual es esencial para la
versatilidad de la mano humana y su capacidad de realizar una manipulación precisa y un...
Flexor tendons have the ability to generate variable degrees of strenght and movement in different locations of the hand, which is essential for the versatility of the human hand and its capacity to make a precise manipulation and a strong grip. The injuries of these tendons in zone II are common and can cause important functional problems in the hand, for that reason they require a suitable and meticulous treatment. At the moment, the type of surgery and the protocol of rehabilitation that should be used in the injuries of flexor tendons in zone II are not specified and vary between the different services of traumatology. The purpose of the following study is to describe the improvements in total active movements in injuries of flexor tendons of zone II of the hand, after the use of the protocol of modified Durán. The present work was made in the Traumatology Institute of Santiago and corresponds to a type of study non experimental and retroprospective, longitudinal and descriptive design. The sample in study was of 20 patients with 30 injured fingers between January of 2004 and May of 2006, with immediate or delayed primary repair with intratendineous modified Kessler point plus epitendineous coronal point and beginning and continuity of rehabilitation therapy with modified Durán system. According to the Strickland´s TAM, the final results were excellent in 16,66% of the fingers, good in 26,66%, fair in 40% and poor in 16,66%. The intra-subject evolution showed a significant linear tendency (P<0,05) with a significant improvement between the three instances of measured times. In conclusion, although the percentage of fingers with satisfactory final results was smaller to the one of foreign studies, the comparison becomes difficult due to the biosicosocial difference. On the other hand the improvements of total active movement were significant after the rehabilitation, nevertheless it is necessary to continue the investigations to be able to define possible variations in the treatment strategies....
Flexor tendons have the ability to generate variable degrees of strenght and movement in different locations of the hand, which is essential for the versatility of the human hand and its capacity to make a precise manipulation and a strong grip. The injuries of these tendons in zone II are common and can cause important functional problems in the hand, for that reason they require a suitable and meticulous treatment. At the moment, the type of surgery and the protocol of rehabilitation that should be used in the injuries of flexor tendons in zone II are not specified and vary between the different services of traumatology. The purpose of the following study is to describe the improvements in total active movements in injuries of flexor tendons of zone II of the hand, after the use of the protocol of modified Durán. The present work was made in the Traumatology Institute of Santiago and corresponds to a type of study non experimental and retroprospective, longitudinal and descriptive design. The sample in study was of 20 patients with 30 injured fingers between January of 2004 and May of 2006, with immediate or delayed primary repair with intratendineous modified Kessler point plus epitendineous coronal point and beginning and continuity of rehabilitation therapy with modified Durán system. According to the Strickland´s TAM, the final results were excellent in 16,66% of the fingers, good in 26,66%, fair in 40% and poor in 16,66%. The intra-subject evolution showed a significant linear tendency (P<0,05) with a significant improvement between the three instances of measured times. In conclusion, although the percentage of fingers with satisfactory final results was smaller to the one of foreign studies, the comparison becomes difficult due to the biosicosocial difference. On the other hand the improvements of total active movement were significant after the rehabilitation, nevertheless it is necessary to continue the investigations to be able to define possible variations in the treatment strategies....
Impacto del uso de un sillín de bicicleta inestable en la eficiencia energética y la actividad muscular en una prueba de ejercicio submáximo en sujetos sanos
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
convencional de bicicleta versus un prototipo de sillín inestable.
Las evaluaciones de la presente investigación tuvieron lugar en el Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio del Departamento de Kinesiología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile...
Physical activity allows to maintain the health of the population, prevent and treat diseases through effects that occur during and after exercise. One of the components of the physical fitness is cardiorespiratory capacity, which allows the use of oxygen during the execution of a specific task, allowing the energy reserves of the person performing the exercise to be used as long as possible. Another important component of the physical fitness is body stability, allowing to optimally develop daily life and sports activities. One of the ways to train stability is through exercises on unstable surfaces, which have become increasingly popular, both for rehabilitation and for physical training. The objective of this master's thesis is to compare the results of energy expenditure, muscle activity and heart rate variability while pedaling in a cycloergometer at a constant submaximal load, when using a conventional bicycle saddle versus an unstable saddle prototype. Studies indicate that there is an increase in oxygen consumption and muscle activity in exercises performed on unstable bases if compared to exercises on stable bases, so it is postulated to the following hypothesis: The unstable saddle prototype in cycloergometer generates greater global energy expenditure and greater activity in the trunk stabilizing muscles than the common bicycle saddle at a constant load. The assessments of this research took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory of the Department of Kinesiology of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile. Project No. 190-2019 approved by the Research Ethics Committee in human beings of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile. The subjects randomized to the stable or unstable condition on a cycle ergometer at a constant submaximal load, where data were taken on the variables of oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, ventilatory equivalents of oxygen and carbon dioxide, amplitude of activity. and neuromuscular shock frequency and heart rate variability at rest before exercise, during the initial condition with one type of saddle selected at random, rest between conditions and finally with the other type of saddle according to what was selected in the initial option. When comparing the stable condition with the unstable one, the following results were obtained; using the unstable condition in gas analysis generates a significant increase in oxygen consumption and in the area under the minute ventilation curve. In the variables of heart rate variability, when using the unstable condition, a significant increase in heart rate is obtained. When using the unstable condition and comparing it with the stable condition in the complete pedaling cycle, there is a significant increase in the percentage of neuromuscular electrical activity with respect to rest, for the dominant rectus abdominis, dominant spinal erector, nondominant spinal erector and non-dominant lateral. It is concluded that the use of the unstable saddle generates an increase in energy expenditure, therefore, the use of the unstable saddle could be considered as a useful tool for preparing future training plans aimed at increasing energy expenditure, in the shortest possible time to submaximal intensity. Future research could contribute with different biomechanical analyzes. As also, with the variation of different pedaling intensities....
Physical activity allows to maintain the health of the population, prevent and treat diseases through effects that occur during and after exercise. One of the components of the physical fitness is cardiorespiratory capacity, which allows the use of oxygen during the execution of a specific task, allowing the energy reserves of the person performing the exercise to be used as long as possible. Another important component of the physical fitness is body stability, allowing to optimally develop daily life and sports activities. One of the ways to train stability is through exercises on unstable surfaces, which have become increasingly popular, both for rehabilitation and for physical training. The objective of this master's thesis is to compare the results of energy expenditure, muscle activity and heart rate variability while pedaling in a cycloergometer at a constant submaximal load, when using a conventional bicycle saddle versus an unstable saddle prototype. Studies indicate that there is an increase in oxygen consumption and muscle activity in exercises performed on unstable bases if compared to exercises on stable bases, so it is postulated to the following hypothesis: The unstable saddle prototype in cycloergometer generates greater global energy expenditure and greater activity in the trunk stabilizing muscles than the common bicycle saddle at a constant load. The assessments of this research took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory of the Department of Kinesiology of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile. Project No. 190-2019 approved by the Research Ethics Committee in human beings of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile. The subjects randomized to the stable or unstable condition on a cycle ergometer at a constant submaximal load, where data were taken on the variables of oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, ventilatory equivalents of oxygen and carbon dioxide, amplitude of activity. and neuromuscular shock frequency and heart rate variability at rest before exercise, during the initial condition with one type of saddle selected at random, rest between conditions and finally with the other type of saddle according to what was selected in the initial option. When comparing the stable condition with the unstable one, the following results were obtained; using the unstable condition in gas analysis generates a significant increase in oxygen consumption and in the area under the minute ventilation curve. In the variables of heart rate variability, when using the unstable condition, a significant increase in heart rate is obtained. When using the unstable condition and comparing it with the stable condition in the complete pedaling cycle, there is a significant increase in the percentage of neuromuscular electrical activity with respect to rest, for the dominant rectus abdominis, dominant spinal erector, nondominant spinal erector and non-dominant lateral. It is concluded that the use of the unstable saddle generates an increase in energy expenditure, therefore, the use of the unstable saddle could be considered as a useful tool for preparing future training plans aimed at increasing energy expenditure, in the shortest possible time to submaximal intensity. Future research could contribute with different biomechanical analyzes. As also, with the variation of different pedaling intensities....
Estudio de la asociación ketoprofeno con tramadol en dolor orofacial experimental
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la actividad antinociceptiva del
paracetamol y el ibuprofeno, y el grado de interacción entre ellos, utilizando el
análisis isobolográfico en la prueba de la formalina orofacial en ratones. Se
utilizaron...
Caracterización de los casos incidentes de cáncer de mama de las usuarias de los establecimientos de salud del servicio metropolitano sur oriente, durante los años 2006-2015
(2017)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA
ESCUELA DE SALUD PÚBLICA
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"CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS CASOS INCIDENTES DE
CÁNCER DE MAMA DE LAS USUARIAS DE LOS
ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE SALUD DEL...
SERVICIO METROPOLITANO SUR ORIENTE, DURANTE LOS AÑOS 2006-2015" GINA MERINO PEREIRA ACTIVIDAD FORMATIVA EQUIVALENTE PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGISTER EN SALUD PÚBLICA PROFESOR GUIA ACTIVIDAD FORMATIVA EQUIVALENTE: DRA. TANIA ALFARO MORGADO SANTIAGO...
SERVICIO METROPOLITANO SUR ORIENTE, DURANTE LOS AÑOS 2006-2015" GINA MERINO PEREIRA ACTIVIDAD FORMATIVA EQUIVALENTE PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGISTER EN SALUD PÚBLICA PROFESOR GUIA ACTIVIDAD FORMATIVA EQUIVALENTE: DRA. TANIA ALFARO MORGADO SANTIAGO...
Elaboración y validación de instrumento de satisfacción usuaria para profesionales de atención primaria de salud que usan el registro clínico electrónico SISMAULE
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
desarrollo propio de algunos Servicios de Salud, como compras en el mercado de adaptaciones de desarrollo realizadas en el extranjero. No obstante, la falta de un instrumento validado hace imposible comparar el grado de satisfacción de cada uno de estos RCE...
Alta Dirección Pública en el sector salud: análisis de directivos nombrados en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago en el periodo 2014 - 2020
(Universidad de Chile, 2024)
grado, sus trayectorias laborales o académicas, así como aproximar sus vínculos con el poder político, de los Directivos y Directivas nombradas, se hace necesario, puesto que nos permitirá conocer de manera integral a quienes asumen cargos adscritos al...