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Mejoramiento genético vegetal y propiedad intelectual en Chile : de variedades públicas a variedades privadas
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
mejorar los procesos
industriales, vinculados a las distintas cadenas de producción agrícola, no se puede
sobreponer a otros intereses de la sociedad. Con el fin de mantener un equilibrio, nace la
necesidad de fijar normas que permitan el avance del...
transformado en una ventaja para países productores como Chile, de mejorar la oferta de productos agrícolas, así como insertarlos en nuevos mercados. Con este acceso se busca encontrar características genéticas atractivas a nivel agronómico y comercial que...
transformado en una ventaja para países productores como Chile, de mejorar la oferta de productos agrícolas, así como insertarlos en nuevos mercados. Con este acceso se busca encontrar características genéticas atractivas a nivel agronómico y comercial que...
Evaluación del impacto económico de un brote de influenza aviar altamente patógena en planteles de producción avícola en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2004)
economía regional o nacional, como las
disrupciones comerciales (pérdida de mercados), así como efectos en la población humana
y la generación de factores de menor producción para el desarrollo agrícola (Dijkhuizen y
Morris, 1997).
En los brotes de...
DE PRODUCCIÓN AVÍCOLA EN CHILE CRISTÓBAL C. VERDUGO VASQUEZ Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario Departamento de Medicina Preventiva animal PROFESOR GUÍA: SANTIAGO URCELAY VICENTE...
DE PRODUCCIÓN AVÍCOLA EN CHILE CRISTÓBAL C. VERDUGO VASQUEZ Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario Departamento de Medicina Preventiva animal PROFESOR GUÍA: SANTIAGO URCELAY VICENTE...
Rediseño del proceso de abastecimiento de repuestos de maquinaria agrícola en empresa dedicada a la comercialización de agroinsumos
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
Coagra S.A. es una de las empresas líderes en el sector de agroinsumos en Chile; y está inserta dentro de la industria de distribución de agroinsumos para la empresa agrícola. En el año 2013, y como parte de su estrategia de expansión en el mercado...
Vías de exposición a plaguicidas en escolares de la Provincia de Talca, Chile
(CrossMark, 2014)
Objetivo: Describir la concentración de plaguicidas en diferentes matrices ambientales en dos períodosde tiempo (baja y alta producción agrícola local) y estimar la asociación entre la presencia de residuosde plaguicidas en las matrices y su uso en...
Preparación de compuestos de inclusión de β-ciclodextrina con nanoparticulas magnéticas para la remoción de pesticidas
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
Los pesticidas se han convertido en una herramienta fundamental en el mundo agrícola debido a los beneficios que conlleva su uso, como el aumento en la producción y la disminución de pérdidas de hortalizas. Sin embargo, el uso sin un control...
Pesticides have become a fundamental tool in the agricultural world due to the benefits that their use entails, such as increased production and reduced losses of vegetables. However, its use without adequate control can be harmful to life and the environment, since due to its physicochemical characteristics it can contaminate different levels of the ecosystem, which makes it a latent problem today. In this regard, cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have a chemical structure that makes it possible to encapsulate molecules inside them, such as pesticides, to form a matrix-guest system. In this thesis, the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes was performed as a first step for environmental remediation using cyclodextrins in pesticide-contaminated soils and water. On the other hand, the growing interest in new technologies has led to the use of nanomaterials in various fields of research, such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). These particles have remarkable properties such as superparamagnetism (SPM), a characteristic that allows them to function as adsorbents and extractors, through the use of an external magnetic field. The prepared inclusion complexes contain the pesticides asulam (AS) and maleic hydrazide (HM) as host molecules, which are approved for use in Chile by the Servicio Agrícola Ganadero de Chile (SAG). The formation of the inclusion complex of β-CD with AS was obtained in solution, so its formation was studied through proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), ROESY and the method of continuous variation, while the complex of β-CD with HD, was obtained in a solid state, with the formation of microcrystals, which allowed its study through 1H-NMR, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Spectroscopy X-Ray Photoelectronics (XPS). Additionally, the association constants of both complexes were calculated using the phase solubility method. Subsequently, a ternary system of cyclodextrin, pesticide and magnetic magnetite nanoparticles was prepared. The latter was synthesized through the co-precipitation method and was characterized through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Area Selection Electron Diffraction (SAED), SEM, Vibrant Sample Magnetometry (VSM), XRD, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Z Potential. Ternary systems were characterized by TEM, SEM, VSM, DLS and Z Potential. The system formed by HM was studied using XPS analysis. The analyzes carried out allowed to confirm the formation of the ternary systems, their morphology and corroborate the conservation of the superparamagnetic properties, that the original MNPs possess. The results obtained allow predicting potential applications of the ternary systems obtained, as adsorbent materials and their use by removing them through an external magnetic field. These results allow predicting its use with a variety of pesticides, opening the doors for its use in environmental remediation....
Pesticides have become a fundamental tool in the agricultural world due to the benefits that their use entails, such as increased production and reduced losses of vegetables. However, its use without adequate control can be harmful to life and the environment, since due to its physicochemical characteristics it can contaminate different levels of the ecosystem, which makes it a latent problem today. In this regard, cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have a chemical structure that makes it possible to encapsulate molecules inside them, such as pesticides, to form a matrix-guest system. In this thesis, the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes was performed as a first step for environmental remediation using cyclodextrins in pesticide-contaminated soils and water. On the other hand, the growing interest in new technologies has led to the use of nanomaterials in various fields of research, such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). These particles have remarkable properties such as superparamagnetism (SPM), a characteristic that allows them to function as adsorbents and extractors, through the use of an external magnetic field. The prepared inclusion complexes contain the pesticides asulam (AS) and maleic hydrazide (HM) as host molecules, which are approved for use in Chile by the Servicio Agrícola Ganadero de Chile (SAG). The formation of the inclusion complex of β-CD with AS was obtained in solution, so its formation was studied through proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), ROESY and the method of continuous variation, while the complex of β-CD with HD, was obtained in a solid state, with the formation of microcrystals, which allowed its study through 1H-NMR, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Spectroscopy X-Ray Photoelectronics (XPS). Additionally, the association constants of both complexes were calculated using the phase solubility method. Subsequently, a ternary system of cyclodextrin, pesticide and magnetic magnetite nanoparticles was prepared. The latter was synthesized through the co-precipitation method and was characterized through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Area Selection Electron Diffraction (SAED), SEM, Vibrant Sample Magnetometry (VSM), XRD, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Z Potential. Ternary systems were characterized by TEM, SEM, VSM, DLS and Z Potential. The system formed by HM was studied using XPS analysis. The analyzes carried out allowed to confirm the formation of the ternary systems, their morphology and corroborate the conservation of the superparamagnetic properties, that the original MNPs possess. The results obtained allow predicting potential applications of the ternary systems obtained, as adsorbent materials and their use by removing them through an external magnetic field. These results allow predicting its use with a variety of pesticides, opening the doors for its use in environmental remediation....
Complejo universitario de investigación y difusión agropecuario. CUIDA
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
Nacional Agropecuario (2007), dentro
del foco de interés que es la zonas áridas, o de baja capa-
cidad hídrica, la región de mayor producción agrícola es la
Región de Coquimbo.
Dentro del Norte de Chile, la IV región, es la más impor-
tante en tanto en...
Asesores: - Julio Haberland, Ingeniero Agrónomo. Doctor en Fi- losofía en Ingeniería Agrícola y de Biosistemas (Ph.D), Universidad de Arizona, USA. - Claudia Torres, Ingeniero Agrónomo, Administradora CEALC. - Nicolás Frank, Ingeniero Agrónomo PhD en...
Asesores: - Julio Haberland, Ingeniero Agrónomo. Doctor en Fi- losofía en Ingeniería Agrícola y de Biosistemas (Ph.D), Universidad de Arizona, USA. - Claudia Torres, Ingeniero Agrónomo, Administradora CEALC. - Nicolás Frank, Ingeniero Agrónomo PhD en...
Validación del software biodieselFAO como herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisión en proyectos de producción de biodiesel
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)
objetivo apoyar a la toma de decisión en proyectos de producción de aceite o biodiesel. Calcula variables económicas, financieras y sociales de los proyectos, y permite evaluarlos desde una perspectiva agrícola e industrial. Para la validación del software...
Systems to support decision making, are tools which identify and measure risks with theoretical and scientific support. They play a greater role in take of decisions within an institution. This tool simplifies the evaluation and comparison between different projects, allowing the best choice to satisfy the interests of business. BiodieselFAO software supports the take of decision in projects of oil or biodiesel production. Take into account economic, financial and social variables, as well as it allows assessing the project from an agricultural and industrial viewpoint. To validate the BiodieselFAO software in Chile it is necessary to test how it responds to a test case carried out in the country. For this purpose, the Assessment of the Biofuels Potential Production in Chile with Traditional Agricultural Crops report (EBPCh) was chosen, made by the Technical University Federico Santa María (UTFSM). In this report the production of biodiesel from rapeseed and sunflower seeds was evaluated, determining the economic viability of their production. The cash flows of the industrial biodiesel production obtained with the software BiodieselFAO and those obtained with UTFSM were compared statistically. The net present value (VANs) was also compared for all economic analysis performed. It is concluded that BiodieselFAO software cannot be validated, based on the significant differences (p>0.05) from the VAN obtained with the BiodieselFAO y those obtained with UTFSM. The cash flows obtained by the BiodieselFAO software doesn’t consider the salvage value of investments, therefore, the VAN and internal rate of return (TIR) are undervalued compared with those obtained by the UTFSM, this may be misleading to decision makers. Finally, it is concluded that isn’t advisable to use the BiodieselFAO software until these problems encountered are resolved....
Systems to support decision making, are tools which identify and measure risks with theoretical and scientific support. They play a greater role in take of decisions within an institution. This tool simplifies the evaluation and comparison between different projects, allowing the best choice to satisfy the interests of business. BiodieselFAO software supports the take of decision in projects of oil or biodiesel production. Take into account economic, financial and social variables, as well as it allows assessing the project from an agricultural and industrial viewpoint. To validate the BiodieselFAO software in Chile it is necessary to test how it responds to a test case carried out in the country. For this purpose, the Assessment of the Biofuels Potential Production in Chile with Traditional Agricultural Crops report (EBPCh) was chosen, made by the Technical University Federico Santa María (UTFSM). In this report the production of biodiesel from rapeseed and sunflower seeds was evaluated, determining the economic viability of their production. The cash flows of the industrial biodiesel production obtained with the software BiodieselFAO and those obtained with UTFSM were compared statistically. The net present value (VANs) was also compared for all economic analysis performed. It is concluded that BiodieselFAO software cannot be validated, based on the significant differences (p>0.05) from the VAN obtained with the BiodieselFAO y those obtained with UTFSM. The cash flows obtained by the BiodieselFAO software doesn’t consider the salvage value of investments, therefore, the VAN and internal rate of return (TIR) are undervalued compared with those obtained by the UTFSM, this may be misleading to decision makers. Finally, it is concluded that isn’t advisable to use the BiodieselFAO software until these problems encountered are resolved....
Propuesta de estrategias para el desarrollo de acciones públicas que constituyan orientaciones en el cumplimiento de la meta 13.2 del ODS 13 “Acción por el clima”
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
El sector agrícola es una de las actividades más vulnerables ante los efectos del cambio climático, debido a que sus actividades dependen de los fenómenos climáticos. Recientemente, Chile adoptó de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, donde...
This document had the objective of propose strategies for the development of public policies that constitute orientation on the accomplish of 13.2 target of SDG 13 for the agricultural sector. The environmental impacts projected in the sector are related to the water disponibility, agrometeorological risks and soil quality which combined could produce a productivity diminish affecting to the net incomes. Six public actions were identified: PAAC-SAP (2013-2018) and PNACC (2014), PANCC II (2017-2022), ENCCRV (2017-2025), NDC 2020 (2020-2025) and the PNDR (2020). 72 key measures were selected for the sector. Was identified that every measure selected from PANCC II and ENCCRV define six from the seven established criteria. The PNDR’s selected measures do not define any criteria. It’s proposed to implement a monitoring and evaluation of compromised action’s system through indicators provided by a platform that consolidate all the generated information for every service. It is recommended to design a unique following instructive for the in institutions responsibles of its application could execute the monitoring in a standard manner. It is necessary to develop a Climate Change Adaptation Plan on hydric resources which must be coupled with a modification of the legal regime of wáter...
This document had the objective of propose strategies for the development of public policies that constitute orientation on the accomplish of 13.2 target of SDG 13 for the agricultural sector. The environmental impacts projected in the sector are related to the water disponibility, agrometeorological risks and soil quality which combined could produce a productivity diminish affecting to the net incomes. Six public actions were identified: PAAC-SAP (2013-2018) and PNACC (2014), PANCC II (2017-2022), ENCCRV (2017-2025), NDC 2020 (2020-2025) and the PNDR (2020). 72 key measures were selected for the sector. Was identified that every measure selected from PANCC II and ENCCRV define six from the seven established criteria. The PNDR’s selected measures do not define any criteria. It’s proposed to implement a monitoring and evaluation of compromised action’s system through indicators provided by a platform that consolidate all the generated information for every service. It is recommended to design a unique following instructive for the in institutions responsibles of its application could execute the monitoring in a standard manner. It is necessary to develop a Climate Change Adaptation Plan on hydric resources which must be coupled with a modification of the legal regime of wáter...
¿El regreso del clivaje de clases? Estimando el efecto de la estructura de clases en el posicionamiento político en Chile 2007-2014
(Universidad de Chile, 2016-01)
-2014 ...................................... 161
Tabla 31: Variación Intra Clase Trabajador Calificado 2007-2014 ................................... 162
Tabla 32:Variación Intra Clase Trabajador Agrícola 2007-2014 ....................................... 163
Gráfico 1: Porcentajes por Clases...
posicionar en un nuevo segmento de empresas vinculadas a actividades económicas emergentes en el comercio, las finanzas, en el sector agrícola exportador, entre otros (Ruiz y Boccardo, 2014; Espinoza, Barozet y Méndez, 2013). Una primera aproximación al...
posicionar en un nuevo segmento de empresas vinculadas a actividades económicas emergentes en el comercio, las finanzas, en el sector agrícola exportador, entre otros (Ruiz y Boccardo, 2014; Espinoza, Barozet y Méndez, 2013). Una primera aproximación al...
Estado del arte y novedades de la bioenergía en Chile
(FAO, 2013)
igual que lo que ocurre con el
palto, esta especie es un alimento
muy valorado, tanto por el aceite
como por sus frutos. El aceite con-
GRÁFICO 12:
Producción mundial de aceite (MM t) desde la temporada agrícola 2005-
2006 a 2010-2011
Fuente...
biodiesel son los aceites vegetales (también pueden emplearse grasas animales), que es un producto en sí. Durante la temporada agrícola 2010-2011, la producción mundial alcanzara hasta 145 MM t (Gráfi co 12), un 4,64% mayor que en la tem- porada...
biodiesel son los aceites vegetales (también pueden emplearse grasas animales), que es un producto en sí. Durante la temporada agrícola 2010-2011, la producción mundial alcanzara hasta 145 MM t (Gráfi co 12), un 4,64% mayor que en la tem- porada...