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Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino en ovejas : roles de la subnutrición y la condición de mellicera
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
nutricional (~70 ó ~100% de los requerimientos establecidos por el National Research Council, NRC), seguido del test post-hoc de Duncan para detección de diferencias entre grupos. Se consideraron diferencias significativas cuando p≤0,05. Tanto la subnutrición...
Twin gestations is a good strategy to increase productivity and profitability in the sheep industry. However, in Chilean Patagonia, where most of the national sheep stock is found, twin pregnancies are avoided because they are associated with high mortality of newborns and slow postnatal growth, as a result of low weight at birth. Lamb`s low birth weight results from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition in which the fetus does not reach its genetic growth potential. The main causes of IUGR are maternal undernutrition, placental insufficiency or a combination of both. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of the maternal undernourishment and the twin gestation on body characteristics in near-term fetuses from sheep pregnancies developed under the usual productive management of Chilean Patagonia. For this, single- (n = 16) and twin-bearing (n = 16) ewes were fed with natural pasture (~70% of requirements) or natural pasture plus supplementation (~100% of requirements). At 140 days of gestation they were subjected to maternal and fetal euthanasia, after which the fetuses and their organs (semitendinosus muscle, heart, adrenal gland, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines and brain) were weighed. Additionally, the placental weight was evaluated. The results were compared by analysis of variance, where the fixed effects were the gestation rank (single or twin) and the nutritional level (~ 70 or ~ 100% of the requirements established by the National Research Council, NRC), followed by the Duncan post-hoc test for the detection of differences between groups. Significant differences were considered when p≤0.05. Both the maternal undernourishment and the twin pregnancy allowed to a lower fetal body weight at term and to a lower absolute weight in most of the fetal organs. However, they did not show a significant effect on the organ/body weight rate, except in the cases of brain and liver, evidencing the development of an asymmetric IUGR, which was of greater magnitude by effect of twin pregnancy in comparison with maternal undernourishment. These results confirm the importance of maternal nutrition in the intrauterine fetal growth, mainly in twin-bearing ewes, opening new opportunities for nutritional interventions in this group, making it possible to increase the litter size, controlling neonatal survival and thus improving the production efficiency in the Patagonian sheep systems....
Twin gestations is a good strategy to increase productivity and profitability in the sheep industry. However, in Chilean Patagonia, where most of the national sheep stock is found, twin pregnancies are avoided because they are associated with high mortality of newborns and slow postnatal growth, as a result of low weight at birth. Lamb`s low birth weight results from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition in which the fetus does not reach its genetic growth potential. The main causes of IUGR are maternal undernutrition, placental insufficiency or a combination of both. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of the maternal undernourishment and the twin gestation on body characteristics in near-term fetuses from sheep pregnancies developed under the usual productive management of Chilean Patagonia. For this, single- (n = 16) and twin-bearing (n = 16) ewes were fed with natural pasture (~70% of requirements) or natural pasture plus supplementation (~100% of requirements). At 140 days of gestation they were subjected to maternal and fetal euthanasia, after which the fetuses and their organs (semitendinosus muscle, heart, adrenal gland, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines and brain) were weighed. Additionally, the placental weight was evaluated. The results were compared by analysis of variance, where the fixed effects were the gestation rank (single or twin) and the nutritional level (~ 70 or ~ 100% of the requirements established by the National Research Council, NRC), followed by the Duncan post-hoc test for the detection of differences between groups. Significant differences were considered when p≤0.05. Both the maternal undernourishment and the twin pregnancy allowed to a lower fetal body weight at term and to a lower absolute weight in most of the fetal organs. However, they did not show a significant effect on the organ/body weight rate, except in the cases of brain and liver, evidencing the development of an asymmetric IUGR, which was of greater magnitude by effect of twin pregnancy in comparison with maternal undernourishment. These results confirm the importance of maternal nutrition in the intrauterine fetal growth, mainly in twin-bearing ewes, opening new opportunities for nutritional interventions in this group, making it possible to increase the litter size, controlling neonatal survival and thus improving the production efficiency in the Patagonian sheep systems....
Composición nutricional y funcional de las algas rodofíceas chilenas
(Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química. Laboratorio de Química y Análisis de Alimentos., 2011)
Existen pocos antecedentes científicos referente a la composición quimico-nutricional y de componentes funcionales de las diferentes macroalgas que proliferan en las amplias costas chilenas, en vista a la necesidad de obtener mayor información sobre...
Evaluación de la digestibilidad de la coseta seca de remolacha en equinos
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
ayuda y disposición en la redacción de esta Memoria
de Título.
A Carabineros de Chile por su disposición y colaboración en la realización de la etapa
experimental.
A Norma San Martin y al equipo de laboratorio de Nutricional Animal, Gemita Saavedra y...
, nutrition, digestibility, dried sugar beet pulp. 1 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Al igual que la genética, sanidad y manejo reproductivo, la nutrición es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la producción animal, todos los que constituyen eslabones de gran...
, nutrition, digestibility, dried sugar beet pulp. 1 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Al igual que la genética, sanidad y manejo reproductivo, la nutrición es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la producción animal, todos los que constituyen eslabones de gran...
Suplementación con cobre y zinc en dos formas químicas sobre la adecuación mineral de yeguas gestantes y sus crías hasta los 30 días de edad
(Universidad de Chile, 2006)
Título
Profesional de Médico
Veterinario. Departamento de
Fomento de la Producción
Animal
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS Y PECUARIAS
ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIA
Suplementación con Cobre y Zinc en dos formas...
…………………… . .…………………… SANTIAGO, CHILE 2006 Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario. Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal. INDICE DE CONTENIDOS 1.- INTRODUCCIÓN …………. ……………...………………………... 1 2.-REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA...
…………………… . .…………………… SANTIAGO, CHILE 2006 Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario. Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal. INDICE DE CONTENIDOS 1.- INTRODUCCIÓN …………. ……………...………………………... 1 2.-REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA...
Elaboración, caracterización y suplementación oral de micropartículas de hierro en ratas depletadas
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
El objetivo fue elaborar y caracterizar micropartículas de hierro (Fe) y determinar su efecto sobre el estado de nutrición de Fe en ratas depletadas. Se elaboraron y caracterizaron dos tipos de micropartículas (M), de Fe no Hem (M1) y Fe no Hem...
The aim was to develop and characterize microparticles of iron (Fe) and determinate it effect on the nutritional status of Fe in depleted rats. Two types of microparticles (M), non-Hem Fe (M1) and non-Hem/Hem Fe (M2) were prepared and characterized. Fifteen depleted Sprague Dawley rats were used and divided into 3 groups, which were fed with diets low in Fe: Control: diet+ferrous sulfate (55.6 mg Fe/kg); T1: diet+M1 (54.1 mg Fe/kg) and T2: diet+M2 (54.1 mg Fe/kg). After 18 days nutritional Fe status of rats was determined by haemogram and serum ferritin (SF). M1 were white-green color and M2 red-brown, and showed total Fe content (mg/g): 70.7 ± 4.52 and 81.09 ± 3.92, respectively; and higher for M2 (p<0.05). The zeta potential (mv) was: -4,1 and 11,6; respectively. The morphology of M1 was more irregular than M2. Oral supplementation with all treatment improved the Fe depletion state in rats, obtaining values of FS (ng/mL) of C: 983 ± 251, T1: 1,281 ± 236 and T2: 1,105 ± 316. Other parameters of Fe nutrition not were affected by different forms of supplementation. In conclusion, an effect on the Fe nutrition status in depleted rats of encapsulation or the mixture of Fe forms was not observed....
The aim was to develop and characterize microparticles of iron (Fe) and determinate it effect on the nutritional status of Fe in depleted rats. Two types of microparticles (M), non-Hem Fe (M1) and non-Hem/Hem Fe (M2) were prepared and characterized. Fifteen depleted Sprague Dawley rats were used and divided into 3 groups, which were fed with diets low in Fe: Control: diet+ferrous sulfate (55.6 mg Fe/kg); T1: diet+M1 (54.1 mg Fe/kg) and T2: diet+M2 (54.1 mg Fe/kg). After 18 days nutritional Fe status of rats was determined by haemogram and serum ferritin (SF). M1 were white-green color and M2 red-brown, and showed total Fe content (mg/g): 70.7 ± 4.52 and 81.09 ± 3.92, respectively; and higher for M2 (p<0.05). The zeta potential (mv) was: -4,1 and 11,6; respectively. The morphology of M1 was more irregular than M2. Oral supplementation with all treatment improved the Fe depletion state in rats, obtaining values of FS (ng/mL) of C: 983 ± 251, T1: 1,281 ± 236 and T2: 1,105 ± 316. Other parameters of Fe nutrition not were affected by different forms of supplementation. In conclusion, an effect on the Fe nutrition status in depleted rats of encapsulation or the mixture of Fe forms was not observed....
The CB1 Receptor Antagonist SR141716A Reverses Adult Male Mice Overweight and Metabolic Alterations Induced by Early Stress
(2011)
in this study were first analyzed and
approved by the Bioethics’ Committee for Animal Experimentation of
the Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad
de Chile. Santiago, Chile.
Animals
Synchronously pregnant female CD-1 mice were kept...
obesity | VOLUME 19 NUMBER 1 | jaNUaRy 2011 29 nature publishing group articles integrative Physiology IntroductIon Studies in animal models as well as available human epidemio- logical data indicate that adult...
obesity | VOLUME 19 NUMBER 1 | jaNUaRy 2011 29 nature publishing group articles integrative Physiology IntroductIon Studies in animal models as well as available human epidemio- logical data indicate that adult...
Effects of chronic copper exposure during early life in rhesus monkeys
(AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION, 2005-05)
and crown-rump length (by anthropometry), hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma ceruloplasmin activity, and zinc and copper concentrations were measured monthly (birth to 6 mo) and at 8 and 12 mo. When the animals were 1, 5, and 8 mo old, liver copper...
Composición nutricional y funcional de algas pardas chilenas : Macrocystis pyrifira y Durvillaea antartica
(Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química. Laboratorio de Química y Análisis de Alimentos., 2011)
Existen pocos antecedentes científicos referente a la composición químico-nutricional y de componentes funcionales de las diferentes macroalgas que proliferan en las amplias costas chilenas, en vista a la necesidad de obtener mayor información sobre...
Aplicabilidad de los protocolos de bienestar animal de Welfare Quality® en plantas de faenamiento de ganado bovino y porcino
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
bienestar animal a través indicadores basados en los animales y en el ambiente. Para conocer su aplicabilidad se entrenaron dos evaluadores que aplicaron el protocolo en cinco plantas de faenamiento de bovinos y cuatro plantas de faenamiento de cerdos...
Evaluación de estrategias de manejo sostenible para el control de la clorosis férrica en arándanos variedad star
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
nutricional, puede causar una drástica reducción en la longevidad del huerto, el crecimiento
de raíces y brotes y el rendimiento (Hanson y Hancock, 1996).
El hierro en el suelo
El hierro es el segundo metal más abundante en la corteza terrestre...
suelo, y por otra parte por desórdenes fisiológicos inducidos por un exceso de HCO3 - en el medio radicaal, que resulta en la inmovilización del Fe al interior de la planta (Mengel et al., 1979; Mengel, 2000), y por tanto se dificulta la nutrición...
suelo, y por otra parte por desórdenes fisiológicos inducidos por un exceso de HCO3 - en el medio radicaal, que resulta en la inmovilización del Fe al interior de la planta (Mengel et al., 1979; Mengel, 2000), y por tanto se dificulta la nutrición...