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Terremoto 2010 en Chile y vivienda social: resultados y aprendizajes para recomendación de políticas públicas.
(Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, 2015-11)
El terremoto del 2010, permite sacar conclusiones en el contexto de este modelo económico. Los resultados aparentemente son interesantes en cuanto a que hubo pocas víctimas pero por otra parte, hubo un gran daño económico. La tesis profundiza en el...
Minifundio Chilote: pasado, presente y futuro de la pequeña propiedad agrícola en la Isla de Quinchao
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
La presente investigación se enmarca en el proyecto FAU “Molinos de Agua en Chiloé: una expresión vernácula de patrimonio hidráulico en aras de una economía rural sustentable”. Para este estudio se analiza el caso particular del minifundio chilote...
Desarrollo y Cooperación Internacional: Los cambios entre 1990 y 2015
(Universidad de Chile, 2017-11)
La presente investigación aborda el tema del Desarrollo desde el punto de vista de la Cooperación Internacional, en especial los cambios y continuidades en el enfoque del desarrollo planteado por la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional para el...
Resistencia, desplazamiento y preferencias de localización de vivienda social. Externalidades del programa recuperación de condominios sociales segunda oportunidad. Estudio de caso en proyecto piloto Francisco Coloane, Puente Alto, Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
, marginalización y desplazamiento de familias vulnerables hacia sectores periféricos de Santiago, como única alternativa estatal para localización de vivienda social. Esta política promovió la desconfianza de las familias hacia el Estado Chileno, por las...
Diferenciación neurogénica de células madre mesenquimáticas (CMM) obtenidas desde médula ósea fetal bovina
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
, respectivamente). Mediante citometría de flujo se determinó una alta proporción de CMM positivas para marcadores mesenquimáticos CD29 (76,3%), CD73 (96,8%) y marcadores de pluripotencia Oct4 (94,6%) y Nanog (88,4%). En contraste, una alta proporción de CMM fue...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent progenitor cells that possess the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic). Despite MSC have been isolated from several tissues, the most common source of isolation is the bone marrow (BM), both for clinical and research purposes. The differentiation capacity of MSC extends primarily to mesodermal lineages; however, recent studies have shown that MSC have also the potential to differentiate into ectodermal cell types such as neuronal. The aim of this study was to determine the potential for in vitro neurogenic differentiation of MSC isolated from fetal bovine BM. Detection of mesenchymal markers CD90, CD105 and CD73, hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 was performed by Quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) and flow cytometry. Protocol 1 of neurogenic differentiation consisted in pre-induction for 24 hours with DMEM supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and induction with beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) for 6 days. Protocol 2 of neurogenic differentiation consisted in culture of MSC in DMEM supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic (FGFb) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) for 24 hours, followed by culture in DMEM supplemented with butylated hydroxyanisole, KCl, valproic acid, forskolin, neural supplement for 120 hours. Cell samples were taken at 0, 24, 96 and 144 hours of culture. Analyses indicated that mRNA levels of mesenchymal markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 were higher (151.2, 245.1 and 238.1 fold, respectively; P <0.05) relative to CD34. Moreover, flow cytometry detected a high proportion of MSC positive for mesenchymal markers CD29 (76.3%), CD73 (96.8%), pluripotent markers Oct4 (94.6%) and Nanog (88.4%). In contrast, high proportion of MSC were negative to hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 (93.4% and 95.6%, respectively). During protocol 1 of neuronal differentiation, NESTIN mRNA levels decreased (P <0.05) at 24, 96 and 144 hours (3,7; 2 and 1 fold 0 hours). In contrast, levels of mRNA of MAP2 increased (P <0.05) at 24, 96 and 144 hours (2,4; 18,9 and 16 fold 0 hours). Similarly, levels of TRKA mRNA increased (P<0.05) at 96 and 144 hours (6,6 and 8 fold 0 hours). NGF and NANOG mRNA levels were not significantly different between treatments. During protocol 2, NESTIN mRNA levels decreased (P <0.05) at 24, 96 and 144 hours (3.74, 0.3, 0.1 fold 0 hours). In comparison, MAP2 mRNA levels increased (P <0.05) at 96 and 144 hours (4,1; 22,8 fold 0 hours). In addition, NGF mRNA levels were lower (P<0,05) in differentiated MSC at 0, 24, 96 and 144 hours of culture (1; 0.8; 16.2 and 17.4 fold the expression at 0 hours) compared to control (1; 5.8; 47.8 and 25.7 fold 0 hours). The gene relative expression values in differentiated MSC were consistent with immunofluorescence patterns. Although BME induced neuron-like changes in MSC morphology, gene expression profiles showed no indication of the adoption of a neurogenic phenotype. As reported before, BME-induced morphological changes may be due to cytotoxic effects rather than neurogenic induction. However, the second protocol induced morphologic changes and a gene expression pattern associated to neurogenic differentiation. In conclusion, undifferentiated MSC isolated from fetal bovine BM possess a mesenchymal profile and under adequate in vitro culture conditions may be induced into neurogenic differentiation....
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent progenitor cells that possess the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic). Despite MSC have been isolated from several tissues, the most common source of isolation is the bone marrow (BM), both for clinical and research purposes. The differentiation capacity of MSC extends primarily to mesodermal lineages; however, recent studies have shown that MSC have also the potential to differentiate into ectodermal cell types such as neuronal. The aim of this study was to determine the potential for in vitro neurogenic differentiation of MSC isolated from fetal bovine BM. Detection of mesenchymal markers CD90, CD105 and CD73, hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 was performed by Quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) and flow cytometry. Protocol 1 of neurogenic differentiation consisted in pre-induction for 24 hours with DMEM supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and induction with beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) for 6 days. Protocol 2 of neurogenic differentiation consisted in culture of MSC in DMEM supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic (FGFb) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) for 24 hours, followed by culture in DMEM supplemented with butylated hydroxyanisole, KCl, valproic acid, forskolin, neural supplement for 120 hours. Cell samples were taken at 0, 24, 96 and 144 hours of culture. Analyses indicated that mRNA levels of mesenchymal markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 were higher (151.2, 245.1 and 238.1 fold, respectively; P <0.05) relative to CD34. Moreover, flow cytometry detected a high proportion of MSC positive for mesenchymal markers CD29 (76.3%), CD73 (96.8%), pluripotent markers Oct4 (94.6%) and Nanog (88.4%). In contrast, high proportion of MSC were negative to hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 (93.4% and 95.6%, respectively). During protocol 1 of neuronal differentiation, NESTIN mRNA levels decreased (P <0.05) at 24, 96 and 144 hours (3,7; 2 and 1 fold 0 hours). In contrast, levels of mRNA of MAP2 increased (P <0.05) at 24, 96 and 144 hours (2,4; 18,9 and 16 fold 0 hours). Similarly, levels of TRKA mRNA increased (P<0.05) at 96 and 144 hours (6,6 and 8 fold 0 hours). NGF and NANOG mRNA levels were not significantly different between treatments. During protocol 2, NESTIN mRNA levels decreased (P <0.05) at 24, 96 and 144 hours (3.74, 0.3, 0.1 fold 0 hours). In comparison, MAP2 mRNA levels increased (P <0.05) at 96 and 144 hours (4,1; 22,8 fold 0 hours). In addition, NGF mRNA levels were lower (P<0,05) in differentiated MSC at 0, 24, 96 and 144 hours of culture (1; 0.8; 16.2 and 17.4 fold the expression at 0 hours) compared to control (1; 5.8; 47.8 and 25.7 fold 0 hours). The gene relative expression values in differentiated MSC were consistent with immunofluorescence patterns. Although BME induced neuron-like changes in MSC morphology, gene expression profiles showed no indication of the adoption of a neurogenic phenotype. As reported before, BME-induced morphological changes may be due to cytotoxic effects rather than neurogenic induction. However, the second protocol induced morphologic changes and a gene expression pattern associated to neurogenic differentiation. In conclusion, undifferentiated MSC isolated from fetal bovine BM possess a mesenchymal profile and under adequate in vitro culture conditions may be induced into neurogenic differentiation....
Eterna pasión : el imaginario colocolino expresado en objetos de colección y su aporte en la construcción de la historia sociocultural de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
ETERNA
PASIÓN
El imaginario colocolino expresado en
objetos de colección y su aporte en la
construcción de la historia
sociocultural de Chile
Memoria de proyecto para optar al Título
Profesional de Diseñador...
y contrariamente a lo que se pueda pensar, que el fútbol es solamente fútbol, la práctica de un deporte ya sea profesional o amateur. Para ello se establece un vínculo entre una institución del fútbol chileno, especí- ficamente Colo-Colo con la...
y contrariamente a lo que se pueda pensar, que el fútbol es solamente fútbol, la práctica de un deporte ya sea profesional o amateur. Para ello se establece un vínculo entre una institución del fútbol chileno, especí- ficamente Colo-Colo con la...
Agua, tradición y desarrollo: análisis del conflicto entre la Comunidad Indígena Chusmiza – Usmagama y la embotelladora Chusmiza S.A.
(Universidad de Chile, 2009-09-02)
importantes cuestionamientos sobre el papel del Estado a la hora de generar los marcos adecuados para la resolución de conflictos no solo hídricos, sino ambientales en general...
A participación desigual, representación desigual: ¿Cómo afecta la pobreza a la participación electoral en sistemas con voto voluntario? Los casos de Chile y Colombia
(Universidad de Chile, 2019-06-01)
desigualdad económica de una país se convierte en una desigualdad política. Para testear esta hipótesis se toman los casos de Chile y Colombia, ambos con un sistema de voto voluntario y cuyo promedio en elecciones bordea el 50% de participación. Se analizan...
Electoral participation in Latin America is a field of extensive study, however little attention is raised how poverty and inequality, historical problems in the region, affect the moment of voting. That is why this research seeks to answer how does poverty affect electoral participation in systems with voluntary voting?, Arguing that people with higher incomes tend to vote more than those with low incomes, and as a consequence of this, unfairness A country's economy becomes a political inequality. To test this hypothesis, the cases of Chile and Colombia are taken, both with a voluntary voting system and whose average in elections borders 50% of participation. The data of the last presidential of each country and their corresponding communal poverty rates are analyzed. The methodology used to analyze them corresponds to the logit model of ecological inference of Thomsen (1987), with which it must arrive at conclusions on the individual behavior from aggregated data. To achieve this, the statistical package formulated by Park, Hammer and Biggers (2014) can be obtained. The results show that of the total number of voters, the proportion corresponding to poor suffragants was 34.14% in Chile and 29.11% for Colombia.Seen in another way, of the total of the poor population of each country, in Chile it voted 32.59% while in Colombia it did 31.92%. Both inferences reaffirm the need to reduce inequality to improve participation levels in Latin America....
Electoral participation in Latin America is a field of extensive study, however little attention is raised how poverty and inequality, historical problems in the region, affect the moment of voting. That is why this research seeks to answer how does poverty affect electoral participation in systems with voluntary voting?, Arguing that people with higher incomes tend to vote more than those with low incomes, and as a consequence of this, unfairness A country's economy becomes a political inequality. To test this hypothesis, the cases of Chile and Colombia are taken, both with a voluntary voting system and whose average in elections borders 50% of participation. The data of the last presidential of each country and their corresponding communal poverty rates are analyzed. The methodology used to analyze them corresponds to the logit model of ecological inference of Thomsen (1987), with which it must arrive at conclusions on the individual behavior from aggregated data. To achieve this, the statistical package formulated by Park, Hammer and Biggers (2014) can be obtained. The results show that of the total number of voters, the proportion corresponding to poor suffragants was 34.14% in Chile and 29.11% for Colombia.Seen in another way, of the total of the poor population of each country, in Chile it voted 32.59% while in Colombia it did 31.92%. Both inferences reaffirm the need to reduce inequality to improve participation levels in Latin America....
Proyectos de infraestructura de transporte y su relación con el desarrollo de las localidades
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
indagar en los efectos de las políticas públicas de provisión de infraestructura de transporte, y razonar sobre cuáles serían los factores que parecen influir para que las iniciativas de acceso a un territorio aporten a la generación de un círculo virtuoso...
Opinión pública contemporánea: otras posibilidades de comprensión e investigación
(Social-ediciones, 2017)
Este libro es resultado de cinco años de trabajo del Observatorio de Opinión Pública de la Universidad de Chile, de académicas, académicos y estudiantes que han estudiado cómo se estudia la opinión pública, mediante un núcleo de investigación. Desde...