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Actividad física, consumo de oxígeno y características antropométricas en una población hipertensa femenina del Consultorio Barros Luco
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
fundamental en ellos por sus efectos, disminuyendo los niveles de presión arterial y uso de fármacos. Sin embargo, la actividad física en los hipertensos de atención primaria ha sido escasamente determinada, por tanto, se desconoce su influencia en la salud...
In Chile, there’s a high hypertension prevalence in hypertensive population, being of 33,7%. The line of treatment in these patients correspond to pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy, within the latter, the physical activity is essential in them due the decrease of blood pressure and use of drugs it produces. However, physical activity in hypertensive patients of primary health care has been poorly determined, so it’s unknown the influence on blood pressure in these patients. Due to the above, the main objective of this study was to determine the level of physical activity and energy expenditure associated, in a feminine hypertensive population, 35 to 55 years old, under medical treatment in the Barros Luco clinic. For this, it was used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which estimates the weekly energy expenditure. As a physiological parameter of the physical condition in these patients, the peak oxygen consumption and was directly determinate and the maximum oxygen consumption was estimed, both with the Fitmate Pro device, tested on a cycleergometer in a submaximal exercise. Finally, it was evaluated anthropometric characteristics, such as weight, height, waist and hip circumference, among others. We recruited 22 patients with hypertension, whose average age was 49,3 + 14,7 years. The average level of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was 135,64 + 14,7 mmHg, and 84,95 + 9,8 mmHg, respectively. The peak oxygen consumption has a median of 15, 35 ml/kg/min, while maximum oxygen consumption was estimated in 24, 5 ml/kg/min. According to IPAQ, physical activity developed by these patients has a total energy expenditure of 4003 kcal/week, focusing on domestic activities and active transport (1637,5 and 460,5 kcal/week, respectively). The free time domain represents just 3,4% of the total expenditure. In the sample, 45,5% did not adhere to antihypertensive medication and 86,3% were overweight or obese. In this study we conclude that the hypertensive patients studied in the Barros Luco clinic, developed a moderate level of physical activity, mainly associated to domestic activities. While energy expenditure is above the recommended level, this doesn’t appear to be influencing adequately in health, according to the cardiovascular profile, anthropometric and oxygen consumption level that the sample shows. It’s necessary a study of a bigger population to confirm the tendency of this results, towards primary health care....
In Chile, there’s a high hypertension prevalence in hypertensive population, being of 33,7%. The line of treatment in these patients correspond to pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy, within the latter, the physical activity is essential in them due the decrease of blood pressure and use of drugs it produces. However, physical activity in hypertensive patients of primary health care has been poorly determined, so it’s unknown the influence on blood pressure in these patients. Due to the above, the main objective of this study was to determine the level of physical activity and energy expenditure associated, in a feminine hypertensive population, 35 to 55 years old, under medical treatment in the Barros Luco clinic. For this, it was used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which estimates the weekly energy expenditure. As a physiological parameter of the physical condition in these patients, the peak oxygen consumption and was directly determinate and the maximum oxygen consumption was estimed, both with the Fitmate Pro device, tested on a cycleergometer in a submaximal exercise. Finally, it was evaluated anthropometric characteristics, such as weight, height, waist and hip circumference, among others. We recruited 22 patients with hypertension, whose average age was 49,3 + 14,7 years. The average level of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was 135,64 + 14,7 mmHg, and 84,95 + 9,8 mmHg, respectively. The peak oxygen consumption has a median of 15, 35 ml/kg/min, while maximum oxygen consumption was estimated in 24, 5 ml/kg/min. According to IPAQ, physical activity developed by these patients has a total energy expenditure of 4003 kcal/week, focusing on domestic activities and active transport (1637,5 and 460,5 kcal/week, respectively). The free time domain represents just 3,4% of the total expenditure. In the sample, 45,5% did not adhere to antihypertensive medication and 86,3% were overweight or obese. In this study we conclude that the hypertensive patients studied in the Barros Luco clinic, developed a moderate level of physical activity, mainly associated to domestic activities. While energy expenditure is above the recommended level, this doesn’t appear to be influencing adequately in health, according to the cardiovascular profile, anthropometric and oxygen consumption level that the sample shows. It’s necessary a study of a bigger population to confirm the tendency of this results, towards primary health care....
Definición de las necesidades para la implementación de modelos de compras de alimentos provenientes de la agricultura familiar campesina para el consumo social en establecimientos educativos en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
Los Programas de Alimentación Escolar (PAEs) tienen el objetivo de apoyar la asistencia y aprendizaje escolar mediante el aporte nutricional a los estudiantes. Adicionalmente, existen evidencias en el contexto internacional, donde esta herramienta...
School-feeding programmes have as objective to support attendance and student learning by the provision of nutritional support to students. Additionally, there is evidence in the international context, where this tool is combined with the purpose of supporting local economies, to purchase food from small farmers, especially the small-scale farming. An example of this in Latin America is Brazil, where according to the Law 11.947 of 2009 at least 30% of federal resources to the National School Feeding Programme are used for the purchase of products from small-scale agriculture. Considering this information, this research seeks to identify the strengths and critical points for the implementation of a school-feeding programme provided by small scale farmers in public educational institutions Chile. For this, we made a compilation of information concerning the operation of the school feeding system in Brazil and Chile. In addition, we made a total of 64 interviews with producers (30), parents (31) and kitchen managers (3) located in the Province of Colchagua (Bernardo O'Higgins Region). The results showed a wide acceptance of the initiative by the respondents, as well as requirements to consider, for example, satisfaction with prices and on time payments in the case of producers, regularity in the supply, quality and quantity of portions offered in the case of the parents and the control and monitoring of the proper functioning of the supply chain in the case of those responsible for the kitchen. Finally, as a synthesis We developed a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of the initiative. The results obtained in this study, show that there are significant opportunities to conduct similar programs in Chile, through the restructuring of the institutions involved, strengthening the small-scale farming and the generation of an effective control policy....
School-feeding programmes have as objective to support attendance and student learning by the provision of nutritional support to students. Additionally, there is evidence in the international context, where this tool is combined with the purpose of supporting local economies, to purchase food from small farmers, especially the small-scale farming. An example of this in Latin America is Brazil, where according to the Law 11.947 of 2009 at least 30% of federal resources to the National School Feeding Programme are used for the purchase of products from small-scale agriculture. Considering this information, this research seeks to identify the strengths and critical points for the implementation of a school-feeding programme provided by small scale farmers in public educational institutions Chile. For this, we made a compilation of information concerning the operation of the school feeding system in Brazil and Chile. In addition, we made a total of 64 interviews with producers (30), parents (31) and kitchen managers (3) located in the Province of Colchagua (Bernardo O'Higgins Region). The results showed a wide acceptance of the initiative by the respondents, as well as requirements to consider, for example, satisfaction with prices and on time payments in the case of producers, regularity in the supply, quality and quantity of portions offered in the case of the parents and the control and monitoring of the proper functioning of the supply chain in the case of those responsible for the kitchen. Finally, as a synthesis We developed a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of the initiative. The results obtained in this study, show that there are significant opportunities to conduct similar programs in Chile, through the restructuring of the institutions involved, strengthening the small-scale farming and the generation of an effective control policy....
Kit de cocina saludable para niños : aprendizaje significativo a través de la experiencia del cocinar
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
la familia,
cambiado los hábitos alimenticios y el aumento de la actividad física. Según la
Guía de Alimentación Saludable de la SENC “la familia y la escuela juegan un
rol fundamental en la educación alimentaria de los niños; los niños aprenden...
intereses de los propios niños, transformándose en una actividad poco atractiva para ellos. Es entonces donde surge la necesidad de generar nuevos espacios para el aprendizaje en alimentación saludable, que impliquen los gustos y motivaciones de los...
intereses de los propios niños, transformándose en una actividad poco atractiva para ellos. Es entonces donde surge la necesidad de generar nuevos espacios para el aprendizaje en alimentación saludable, que impliquen los gustos y motivaciones de los...
Nutriselva. Diseño de formato de carne de conejo para la empresa Lomas de Conejo orientado a ser una alternativa dentro de la alimentación de niños de 3 a 5 años
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
identifique el producto como una opción para la alimentación saludable infantil....
Clinica integral de salud mental Nuevaera
(Universidad de Chile, 2015-05)
oferta de camas de hospitalización psiquiátrica a nivel país.
Por otro lado, las Aseguradoras de Salud1, tanto privadas como estatales también sufren, ya
que los altos índices de ausentismo laboral y de enfermedades físicas gatilladas desde las...
actividades afines o complementarias a ese fin, a las personas afiliadas, y sus cargas, que cotizan el valor del plan pactado. Página | 13 F) Derivadores: son aquellas organizaciones de atención de salud que diagnostica y derivan a los pacientes a los...
actividades afines o complementarias a ese fin, a las personas afiliadas, y sus cargas, que cotizan el valor del plan pactado. Página | 13 F) Derivadores: son aquellas organizaciones de atención de salud que diagnostica y derivan a los pacientes a los...
Estudio longitudinal de Trypanosoma cruzi circulantes en Mepraia gajardoi naturalmente infectados en ayuno y realimentados
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
crecimiento y se les sometió a un régimen alimentario correspondiente a cinco alimentaciones con Mus musculus libres de T. cruzi, distanciadas entre ellas por 40 días. Inicialmente, 27 triatominos resultaron positivos (75%), detectando en ellos los linajes Tc...
Chagas disease is transmitted by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan hemoflagellate that has an organelle named kinetoplast, composed of kDNA, organized in maxi and minicircles. T. cruzi can be divided into six evolutionary lineages, known as discrete typing units (DTU's), termed TcI-TcVI. This protozoan is transmitted through insect vectors of the subfamily Triatominae. In Chile, we found four different species of triatomines: Triatoma infestans, responsible for the domestic cycle, Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi, responsible for the wild cycle and the recently described Mepraia parapatrica. The situation of T. infestans has been controlled in urban areas, but not the wild-cycle species, which have been found in the peridomicile. To detect the presence of T. cruzi by PCR, to determine the circulating lineages in the species using Southern blot and establish if continuous feedings produced variation in the infection state of the insects, thirty-six specimens corresponding to M. gajardoi were collected in Caleta Vitor, Arica and Parinacota Region. For this, they were kept in an incubator that provided the optimal conditions of growth. They were fed with five feeds of non-infected Mus musculus, distanced between them for 40 days. Initially, 27 triatomines were positive (75%), detecting TcI, TcII, TcV and TcVI lineages, presenting both simple and mixed infections. After a second feed, this percentage was maintained, to continue downward trend in the third, fourth and fifth feed, with 70%, 42% and 59%, respectively. Although these changes are not explained to continuous feedings, suggesting that other situations, such as a drop in parasite load, could affect the rate of infection over time. The four lineages initially detected were maintained until the fourth feeding, where only TcII was detected and then only a mixed infection, TcI-TcVI, was detected in the fifth feed, indicating that the T. cruzi lineages in M. gajardoi present variable changes over time...
Chagas disease is transmitted by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan hemoflagellate that has an organelle named kinetoplast, composed of kDNA, organized in maxi and minicircles. T. cruzi can be divided into six evolutionary lineages, known as discrete typing units (DTU's), termed TcI-TcVI. This protozoan is transmitted through insect vectors of the subfamily Triatominae. In Chile, we found four different species of triatomines: Triatoma infestans, responsible for the domestic cycle, Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi, responsible for the wild cycle and the recently described Mepraia parapatrica. The situation of T. infestans has been controlled in urban areas, but not the wild-cycle species, which have been found in the peridomicile. To detect the presence of T. cruzi by PCR, to determine the circulating lineages in the species using Southern blot and establish if continuous feedings produced variation in the infection state of the insects, thirty-six specimens corresponding to M. gajardoi were collected in Caleta Vitor, Arica and Parinacota Region. For this, they were kept in an incubator that provided the optimal conditions of growth. They were fed with five feeds of non-infected Mus musculus, distanced between them for 40 days. Initially, 27 triatomines were positive (75%), detecting TcI, TcII, TcV and TcVI lineages, presenting both simple and mixed infections. After a second feed, this percentage was maintained, to continue downward trend in the third, fourth and fifth feed, with 70%, 42% and 59%, respectively. Although these changes are not explained to continuous feedings, suggesting that other situations, such as a drop in parasite load, could affect the rate of infection over time. The four lineages initially detected were maintained until the fourth feeding, where only TcII was detected and then only a mixed infection, TcI-TcVI, was detected in the fifth feed, indicating that the T. cruzi lineages in M. gajardoi present variable changes over time...
Condición física, nutrición y rendimiento acádemico en contexto socioeconómico
(Universidad de Chile, 2017-03)
Una creciente línea de investigación ha asociado la nutrición y condición física con la función cognitiva y los logros de aprendizaje. En este estudio, exploramos dicha relación a través del análisis de la influencia de los hábitos de alimentación y...
Implantación de la política en salud materna en la República de Chile y Perú: Una observación desde la dimensión de gestión
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
La Mortalidad Materna representa un grave problema de salud pública y de derechos humanos, sus causas son evitables y es la máxima expresión de inequidad e injusticia social; siendo reconocida como un indicador sanitario que permite evidenciar el...
Género y representaciones sociales de la salud en personas mayores usuarias de centros de atención primaria de Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
haber hecho menos de lo que se hubiera
querido hacer en actividades cotidianas, a causa de la salud física, 19,7% de las personas
declararon que siempre o casi siempre, y 26,8%, algunas veces. Respecto al desarrollo de
actividades en el hogar o el...
riesgo que configuran el síndrome metabólico, las enfermedades crónicas y la pérdida de la funcionalidad. (26) La prevalencia del primer grupo de problemas, así como de hábitos en relación al consumo de tabaco y la realización de actividad física entre...
riesgo que configuran el síndrome metabólico, las enfermedades crónicas y la pérdida de la funcionalidad. (26) La prevalencia del primer grupo de problemas, así como de hábitos en relación al consumo de tabaco y la realización de actividad física entre...
Algunas visiones sobre la disciplina, práctica y concepto de la salud pública
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
Las definiciones de Salud Pública son múltiples, la OMS establece que son las acciones colectivas e individuales del estado y la sociedad civil, dirigidas a mejorar la salud de la población, pero otros autores han acentuado de manera distinta...