Is a 40 % Absorption of Iron from a Ferrous Ascorbate Reference Dose Appropriate to Assess Iron Absorption Independent of Iron Status?

Abstract

Although a 40%absorption of a standard reference dose corresponds to iron (Fe) absorption in borderline Fedeficient subjects, this percentage is currently applied to all subjects independent of Fe status: (a) to assess the use of the 40 % of Fe absorption of the reference dose (FeRD%) for subjects with iron-depleted stores (IDS), normal Fe status (NIS), Fe deficiency without anemia (IDWA), and Fe deficiency anemia (IDA) and (b) to explore relationships between Fe status biomarkers and FeRD%. Six hundred forty-six participants (582 women and 64 men) were selected from multiple Fe bioavailability studies and classified into four groups based on Fe status: NIS, IDS, IDWA, and IDA. All men were classified as normal. The absorption from FeRD% was calculated in each group and correlated with Fe status biomarkers. (a) Women with IDS absorbed 40 (18.9–84.7)% of the reference dose; (b) for male subjects with NIS, the absorption of the reference dose was 19 (9.8–36.1)%, while for females, absorption was observed as to be 34 (16.7–68.6)%. In the case of subjects with IDWA, a 43 (19.7–92.5)% absorption was observed, while subjects with IDA demonstrated 67 (45.2– 98.6)% absorption. Serum ferritin (SF) had the strongest inverse correlation with FeRD% (r =−0.41, p <0.001). A transferrin saturation (TS) <15 % increases the probability that the FeRD% will be highly elevated (OR, 5.05; 95 % CI, 2.73, 9.31; p <0.001). A 40 % absorption as reference dose is only appropriate to assess Fe absorption in subjects with IDS and IDWA. SF had an inverse correlation with FeRD%, and TS increases the probability that the FeRD% will be elevated by over fivefold.