We describe the operation of a midbrain neural circuit in pigeons that may participate in selecting and attending to one visual stimulus from the myriad displayed in their visual environment. This mechanism is based on a ...

The dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) is one of the main components of the sauropsid pallium. In birds, the DVR is formed by an inner region, the nidopallium, and a more dorsal region, the mesopallium. The nidopallium contains ...

Background: Tissue injury has been employed to study diverse biological processes such as regeneration and inflammation. In addition to physical or surgical based methods for tissue injury, current protocols for ...

The isthmic complex is part of a visual midbrain circuit thought to be involved in stimulus selection and spatial attention. In birds, this circuit is composed of the nuclei isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc), pars ...

The tectofugal pathway (retina – optic tectum – nucleus rotundus – entopallium) is a prominent route mediating visual discrimination in diurnal birds. Several lines of evidence have shown that at the tecto-rotundal ...