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Liderazgos femeninos en contexto de desastre caso terremoto y tsunami del 27F en el gran Concepción Región del BioBío
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
La siguiente investigación titulada ―Liderazgos femeninos en contexto de desastre, caso terremoto y tsunami del 27F en el Gran Concepción, Región del Biobío‖ busca indagar en los liderazgos que emergieron en uno de los desastres socio naturales más...
Políticas públicas para enfrentar los desastres naturales en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2006)
generan riesgos de desastres naturales.
La investigación es guiada por las evidentes fallas de coordinación que existen en
el diseño y gestión de las políticas públicas, en las distintas áreas de acción
gubernamental. De este modo, el presente estudio de...
Impacto de un incendio sobre la comunidad de aves y el uso de cajas anideras como medida de restauración en las aves nidificadoras secundarias de cavidades en el santuario de la naturaleza Quebrada de la Plata
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
Los incendios forestales en áreas naturales son perturbaciones que alteran la dinámica y
estructura de los ecosistemas. En Chile, el 99% de los incendios forestales son de origen
antrópico y a escala global su recurrencia se ha hecho cada vez más...
Forest fires in natural areas are disturbances that alter the dynamics and structure of ecosystems. In Chile, 99% of forest fires are of anthropogenic origin and on a global scale their recurrence has become increasingly frequent. To evaluate their impact, it is necessary to measure the magnitude of the changes that they produce in the landscape and in the species that inhabit it. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a fire on the bird community of the Quebrada de La Plata Nature Sanctuary, in addition to the use of nesting boxes as a restoration measure for secondary cavity nesting birds (hereinafter NCS). The richness and abundance of birds were measured by performing circular radius counts in areas with three levels of fire severity (not burned, slightly burned and severely burned) in two types of vegetation (forest and scrub), totaling 30 count points (5 aftershocks by condition). Two samplings were carried out, one in winter and the other in summer; The latter was only used to evaluate the effect of the nesting boxes, which were installed in winter in severely burned forest and scrub, totaling 10 points (5 replicas by type of vegetation). Through the use of generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), the effect of fire severity and the installation of nesting boxes in the different bird guilds was evaluated. It was determined that there were no differences in the richness and abundance of birds between the three severity levels, independent of the type of vegetation; Furthermore, no differences were found in the effect of the fire between the NCS birds and the rest of the species. Regarding the installation of nesting boxes, although there was a high percentage of occupation (70%), an increase in the abundance of NCS birds was not observed after the installation of the boxes. The latter could be explained by the decrease in the abundance of all birds in summer, due to the extreme drought that the area experienced in the year of study (2019). Considering the increase in the frequency of forest fires in the context of drought and climate change, it is necessary to deepen research on the short and long-term consequences of their effects and the possible restoration measures that can be applied, especially in areas with high levels of biodiversity and endemism....
Forest fires in natural areas are disturbances that alter the dynamics and structure of ecosystems. In Chile, 99% of forest fires are of anthropogenic origin and on a global scale their recurrence has become increasingly frequent. To evaluate their impact, it is necessary to measure the magnitude of the changes that they produce in the landscape and in the species that inhabit it. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a fire on the bird community of the Quebrada de La Plata Nature Sanctuary, in addition to the use of nesting boxes as a restoration measure for secondary cavity nesting birds (hereinafter NCS). The richness and abundance of birds were measured by performing circular radius counts in areas with three levels of fire severity (not burned, slightly burned and severely burned) in two types of vegetation (forest and scrub), totaling 30 count points (5 aftershocks by condition). Two samplings were carried out, one in winter and the other in summer; The latter was only used to evaluate the effect of the nesting boxes, which were installed in winter in severely burned forest and scrub, totaling 10 points (5 replicas by type of vegetation). Through the use of generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), the effect of fire severity and the installation of nesting boxes in the different bird guilds was evaluated. It was determined that there were no differences in the richness and abundance of birds between the three severity levels, independent of the type of vegetation; Furthermore, no differences were found in the effect of the fire between the NCS birds and the rest of the species. Regarding the installation of nesting boxes, although there was a high percentage of occupation (70%), an increase in the abundance of NCS birds was not observed after the installation of the boxes. The latter could be explained by the decrease in the abundance of all birds in summer, due to the extreme drought that the area experienced in the year of study (2019). Considering the increase in the frequency of forest fires in the context of drought and climate change, it is necessary to deepen research on the short and long-term consequences of their effects and the possible restoration measures that can be applied, especially in areas with high levels of biodiversity and endemism....
Estudio y aplicación de un modelo de fragmentación secundaria para el proyecto Mina Chuquicamata subterráneo
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
económico que tiene hacer una mala estimación, tanto de la fragmentación primaria como secundaria, es bastante alta, dada la influencia que tienen sobre parámetros de diseño y operación en la mina. Por esta razón, se ha hecho un gran esfuerzo en desarrollar...
Caracterización florística e hidrológica de turberas de la Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile
(Socieda de Biología de Chile, 2008-12)
& CAROLINA TAPIA2
1 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de
Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Ecología, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
2 Instituto de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad...
(turberas antropogénicas o “pomponales”), pero donde la acumulación de turba aún es muy baja. Mientras las turberas naturales son utilizadas para la extracción de turba, en las turberas antropogénicas se cosecha el musgo vivo que se encuentra en la...
(turberas antropogénicas o “pomponales”), pero donde la acumulación de turba aún es muy baja. Mientras las turberas naturales son utilizadas para la extracción de turba, en las turberas antropogénicas se cosecha el musgo vivo que se encuentra en la...
Relación entre el fenotipo morfológico y el tipo de nido en aves de la familia Furnariidae
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
construyen en el suelo en forma de túneles y aquellos que usan cavidades naturales en árboles, entre otras variantes. Hay especies que construyen el nido en su totalidad, es decir, a partir de ninguna estructura previa, y por otro lado, hay especies que...
Furnarids (Furnariidae) are a family of birds belonging to the order of the Passeriformes (Passerifomes). All the nests built by the Furnariidae species have a great variety of architectures, which is reflected in a great diversity of shapes and structures. In general, there are the species that build their nests with different materials, such as mud, branches and feathers of other species, placing them on the branches of trees or bushes, and there are the species that build them on the ground in the form of tunnels, among other variants. In addition, there are species that build the nest in its entirety, that is, from no previous structure. On the other hand, there are species that inhabit secondary cavities, where they build their nest from pre-existing cavities (i.e., from naturally formed cavities or cavities pre-built by other organisms). In addition to the variability in nest architecture, furnarid species show great variability in their morphology, which could be related to the type of nest they use. In this thesis, it was evaluated whether there is a relationship between the body structure of the birds of this family and the type of nests they build and/or inhabit, based on the differences associated with the size of the variables that describe their morphologies. The results showed that certain morphological variables correlate with each other, where wing length, tarsus length, and body size are the main variables to differentiate between nest types. The results allow us to conclude that morphological traits would allow differentiating nest types in furnarids, but taking into consideration generalist construction behaviors associated with body size....
Furnarids (Furnariidae) are a family of birds belonging to the order of the Passeriformes (Passerifomes). All the nests built by the Furnariidae species have a great variety of architectures, which is reflected in a great diversity of shapes and structures. In general, there are the species that build their nests with different materials, such as mud, branches and feathers of other species, placing them on the branches of trees or bushes, and there are the species that build them on the ground in the form of tunnels, among other variants. In addition, there are species that build the nest in its entirety, that is, from no previous structure. On the other hand, there are species that inhabit secondary cavities, where they build their nest from pre-existing cavities (i.e., from naturally formed cavities or cavities pre-built by other organisms). In addition to the variability in nest architecture, furnarid species show great variability in their morphology, which could be related to the type of nest they use. In this thesis, it was evaluated whether there is a relationship between the body structure of the birds of this family and the type of nests they build and/or inhabit, based on the differences associated with the size of the variables that describe their morphologies. The results showed that certain morphological variables correlate with each other, where wing length, tarsus length, and body size are the main variables to differentiate between nest types. The results allow us to conclude that morphological traits would allow differentiating nest types in furnarids, but taking into consideration generalist construction behaviors associated with body size....
Genómica de dinoflagelados tóxicos : preparación y caracterización de genotecas de ADN complementario de Alexandrium catenella
(Universidad de Chile, 2005)
Las floraciones algales son fenómenos naturales que ocurren
normalmente en los mares y aguas dulces del mundo. Algunas de estas
floraciones pueden ser nocivas para el hombre y mamíferos superiores, debido
que algunas de estas microalgas producen...
Evaluación del riesgo climático ante eventos de calor extremo en la salud de la población de la comuna El Bosque
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
En el presente estudio se realizó una evaluación espacial y temporal del riesgo climático ante calor extremo en la salud de la población de la comuna El Bosque, para los años 2002 - 2017. A partir de fuentes de información secundarias se elaboraron...
In the present study, a spatial and temporal assessment of the climate risk in the event of extreme heat for El Bosque’s population health was carried out, for the years 2002 - 2017. Based on secondary sources of information, different indices that make up climate risk were elaborated, following the concepts of the IPCC AR5. The generated indices were sensibility, response capacity, vulnerability, hazard, exposure, and risk. The creation of these indices was carried out using impact chains and fuzzy logic. The results show that the indices of hazard, response capacity and sensitivity increased during the studied period, while the vulnerability index remained stable, and the exposure index decreased. The risk index increased significantly in all the commune’s census zones. The southeastern sector of the commune had the highest values in the vulnerability index, mainly due to its low response capacity and high sensibility index. It is concluded that assessing the impacts of extreme heat in El Bosque’s population health through risk mapping is possible, and that these maps could be a proper input for the planning and making of public policies given their easy interpretation. Finally, the study’s methodology based on secondary sources of information and fuzzy logic has the potential to be applied to all of Chile’s communes....
In the present study, a spatial and temporal assessment of the climate risk in the event of extreme heat for El Bosque’s population health was carried out, for the years 2002 - 2017. Based on secondary sources of information, different indices that make up climate risk were elaborated, following the concepts of the IPCC AR5. The generated indices were sensibility, response capacity, vulnerability, hazard, exposure, and risk. The creation of these indices was carried out using impact chains and fuzzy logic. The results show that the indices of hazard, response capacity and sensitivity increased during the studied period, while the vulnerability index remained stable, and the exposure index decreased. The risk index increased significantly in all the commune’s census zones. The southeastern sector of the commune had the highest values in the vulnerability index, mainly due to its low response capacity and high sensibility index. It is concluded that assessing the impacts of extreme heat in El Bosque’s population health through risk mapping is possible, and that these maps could be a proper input for the planning and making of public policies given their easy interpretation. Finally, the study’s methodology based on secondary sources of information and fuzzy logic has the potential to be applied to all of Chile’s communes....
Modelo de fragmentación secundaria y colgaduras en minería de caving
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
en la capacidad de fluir y en la fragmentación del material, así como también el efecto que ejercen el tamaño de partícula y las curvas granulométricas ensayadas. La fragmentación secundaria está influenciada principalmente por la carga vertical...
La Política de Desarrollo Productivo Regional; El Caso del Turismo en La Araucanía
(Universidad de Chile, 2009)
debía adecuar a sus
realidades y prioridades.
Mediante un enfoque principalmente descriptivo, que comprendió la revisión de fuentes
secundarias y la realización de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a actores claves
involucrados en la aplicación del...