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Auditoría de eficiencia energética en papeles Cordillera S.A.
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
suministra la Planta de Cogeneración mediante una turbina a gas, además, de gas natural
para la misma turbina junto a las 3 calderas de Planta térmica y agua suministrada desde
el canal Eyzaguirre.
Como Medidas de Eficiencia Energética (MEE) se establece...
....................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2.1. PLANTA DE AGUA ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2.2. SISTEMA DE GENERACIÓN DE VAPOR...
....................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2.1. PLANTA DE AGUA ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2.2. SISTEMA DE GENERACIÓN DE VAPOR...
Evaluación de factibilidad de tecnologías para desalinizar agua, por medio de energía solar térmica en el norte de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
input de calor a la planta, el flujo de agua que alimenta el sistema, su salinidad y su temperatura. Con ello, se puede modelar la planta completa. El modelo se ha ajustado y validado con datos reales de una planta piloto de igual tecnología en la...
Control de la conchuela café europea Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) en vid vinífera con insecticidas alternativos
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
vegetal, estado fenológico de
la planta, momento de cosecha y el extractante o solvente utilizado (agua, benceno,
ether, dióxido de carbono, vapor, alcohol, etc). Pueden actuar como disuasivos
alimentarios, antimicrobiales, sustancias alelopáticas o...
(Bouché)) es una plaga ocasional de la vid vinífera en Chile, siendo usualmente controlada con insecticidas convencionales, residuales, de amplio espectro y alta toxicidad aguda. Este estudio evaluó la mortalidad de P. corni infestando Vitis vinifera L...
(Bouché)) es una plaga ocasional de la vid vinífera en Chile, siendo usualmente controlada con insecticidas convencionales, residuales, de amplio espectro y alta toxicidad aguda. Este estudio evaluó la mortalidad de P. corni infestando Vitis vinifera L...
Tratamiento jurídico de los residuos en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
Para abordar esta investigación se desarrollará en el Capítulo Primero, la justificación de la investigación; sus objetivos, considerando para ello uno principal y otros más específicos; los problemas que guiarán la investigación; las respuestas...
La institucionalidad de la gestión del agua en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
jurídico las aguas son consideradas bienes
nacionales de uso público, por lo que se hace necesario estudiar esta categoría de
bienes para comprender la relación que existe entre las aguas y la institucionalidad
que las gestiona, así como su tratamiento...
!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! LA INSTITUCIONALIDAD DE LA GESTIÓN DEL AGUA EN CHILE! Memoria de Prueba para optar al grado de Licenciada en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DANIELA DUHART VERA! Profesor Guía...
!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! LA INSTITUCIONALIDAD DE LA GESTIÓN DEL AGUA EN CHILE! Memoria de Prueba para optar al grado de Licenciada en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DANIELA DUHART VERA! Profesor Guía...
Análisis y evaluación de la calidad del agua potable para la ciudad de Antofagasta bajo el contexto del suministro de agua desalada
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
La presente investigación evalúa la calidad del agua potable para la ciudad de Antofagasta, Región de Antofagasta durante el periodo 2007 – 2016, en el contexto del suministro de distintos tipos de agua potable para la ciudad (desalada, de...
The present investigation evaluates the drinking water quality for the city of Antofagasta, region of Antofagasta during the period 2007 – 2016, under the context of different types of drinking water supplies, (desalinated, mountain or a mixture) specifically the desalinated drinking water. Water quality data for the study period was analyzed according to the Chilean drinking water guidelines, and then evaluated through a global drinking water quality index. The public perception to the different water supplies was also determined as a complementary tool for measuring water quality. The results showed that during the study period the drinking water quality for Antofagasta was acceptable in terms of the guidelines, because it did not manifest large differences regarding the types of water and had a few minor breaches. Yet it still showed deficiencies regarding organoleptic parameters (odor, taste, color), which was heavily reflected on consumers perception. Nonetheless, important questions remains regarding the capacity for the Chilean guidelines to evaluate desalinated water as drinking water for the city of Antofagasta, particularly from the city’s citizens context of health....
The present investigation evaluates the drinking water quality for the city of Antofagasta, region of Antofagasta during the period 2007 – 2016, under the context of different types of drinking water supplies, (desalinated, mountain or a mixture) specifically the desalinated drinking water. Water quality data for the study period was analyzed according to the Chilean drinking water guidelines, and then evaluated through a global drinking water quality index. The public perception to the different water supplies was also determined as a complementary tool for measuring water quality. The results showed that during the study period the drinking water quality for Antofagasta was acceptable in terms of the guidelines, because it did not manifest large differences regarding the types of water and had a few minor breaches. Yet it still showed deficiencies regarding organoleptic parameters (odor, taste, color), which was heavily reflected on consumers perception. Nonetheless, important questions remains regarding the capacity for the Chilean guidelines to evaluate desalinated water as drinking water for the city of Antofagasta, particularly from the city’s citizens context of health....
Efecto del precultivo sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de trigo candeal (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) en medio ambientes mediterráneos en condiciones de cero labranza
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
hoja por tratamiento se obtuvo
muestreando 20 hojas recientemente expandidas provenientes de diferentes plantas,
libres de enfermedades y escogidas al azar. Las lecturas se realizaron en la parte central
de la última hoja completamente expandida...
contenido de agua en el suelo proveniente de las precipitaciones. En la Figura 2 se muestra el contenido de agua durante toda la temporada del cultivo para aquellos tratamientos con y sin fertilización nitrogenada...
contenido de agua en el suelo proveniente de las precipitaciones. En la Figura 2 se muestra el contenido de agua durante toda la temporada del cultivo para aquellos tratamientos con y sin fertilización nitrogenada...
Estudio de movilidad de compuestos disruptores Endocrinos bisfenol a y 17-a-etinilestradiol en suelos Tratados con biosólidos, mediante el uso de columnas de Lixiviación
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Servidas ........... 4
Figura 4: Estructura molecular de Bisfenol A (BPA). ...................................................... 8
Figura 5: Estructura molecular de 17-α-etinilestradiol (EE2...
. En Chile, para llevar a cabo la recuperación de los suelos agrícolas el SAG permite la utilización de lodos estabilizados (biosólidos), provenientes de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas servidas. Los biosólidos pueden contener contaminantes...
. En Chile, para llevar a cabo la recuperación de los suelos agrícolas el SAG permite la utilización de lodos estabilizados (biosólidos), provenientes de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas servidas. Los biosólidos pueden contener contaminantes...
Mineralización de nitrógeno en un suelo franco arcilloso de la Región Metropolitana, tratado con biosólidos urbanos
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
amoniacal y nítrico y los cambios en el pH y la conductividad eléctrica (CE). Para ello, se incubaron muestras del suelo Serie Lonquén con tres dosis de biosólidos (equivalentes a 0-30-60 Mg/ha) obtenido desde la planta de tratamiento de aguas servidas El...
The soil of Lonquén Serie was incubated with three doses of biosolid (0-30-60 Mg / ha) were applied to and incubated in vitro under controlled temperature and humidity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mineralization of nitrogen to ammonia and nitrate forms, in parallel with changes in pH and electrical conductivity. The parameters were measured every seven days while trace metals were analyzed both at the beginning and at the end of the incubation (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb). A reduction of the pH of soils under the three treatments were observed as the dose of sludge increased, while the electrical conductivity increased significantly during the incubation in all the treatments. The concentration of nitrogen showed an increment of nitrates in parallel with the detriment of ammonium linked with the nitrification process. Additionally, in all the treatments, an increased Fe concentration was founde while other metals concentration decreased. The application of sewage sludge to Lonquén Soils led to changes in the chemical properties studied. Although problems of nitrate leaching into groundwater with higher doses of biosolid and the increase of electrical conductivity may affect land use, the reported pH and nitrogen changes may play a role on the improvement of the soil chemical properties....
The soil of Lonquén Serie was incubated with three doses of biosolid (0-30-60 Mg / ha) were applied to and incubated in vitro under controlled temperature and humidity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mineralization of nitrogen to ammonia and nitrate forms, in parallel with changes in pH and electrical conductivity. The parameters were measured every seven days while trace metals were analyzed both at the beginning and at the end of the incubation (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb). A reduction of the pH of soils under the three treatments were observed as the dose of sludge increased, while the electrical conductivity increased significantly during the incubation in all the treatments. The concentration of nitrogen showed an increment of nitrates in parallel with the detriment of ammonium linked with the nitrification process. Additionally, in all the treatments, an increased Fe concentration was founde while other metals concentration decreased. The application of sewage sludge to Lonquén Soils led to changes in the chemical properties studied. Although problems of nitrate leaching into groundwater with higher doses of biosolid and the increase of electrical conductivity may affect land use, the reported pH and nitrogen changes may play a role on the improvement of the soil chemical properties....
Estudio de absorción de antiinflamatorios no esteroidales en plantas de trigo y adsorción en suelos de la Región Metropolitana
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
En la actualidad, existen diversas plantas de tratamiento de aguas servidas, cuyos residuos, los biosólidos, pueden ser usados como fertilizantes complementarios y/o remediadores de suelos. Sin embargo, éstos pueden contener diversos tipos de...
At the present time, there are several treatment plants wastewater whose residues, biosolids, can be used as fertilizer complementary and / or remedial soil. However, they may contain various types of pollutants such as trace metals, organic and inorganic compounds and compounds of pharmaceutical origin. Although the body can metabolize a significant percentage of ingested drugs, a percentage of these are excreted with the metabolites resulting from digestion of the drug into the water. This fact can affect the environment, due to bioaccumulation and toxicity of the drug, making it an emerging contaminant. The increasing use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, so its impact on the environment is growing. The objective of this study is to determine the behavior of NSAIDs (Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen and Diclofenac), through the estimate of the absorption capacity in wheat plants in hydroponic system, along with to determine the adsorption capacity of NSAIDs in different soil-biosolid systems. The floating root hydroponic system consisted of a series of plastic containers which were placed on Styrofoam plates, where plants are arranged, being in this way the root floating in nutrient solution. In addition, we investigated the adsorption capacity in soils through adsorption isotherms, to know the type of interaction that exists in the soil-solution interface; also studied the effect on the adsorption of the incorporation of non-sterile and sterile biosolids on unsterilized and sterilized soils. The presence of anti-inflammatory in the samples was determined by HPLC with diode array detector, working with a C18 column (5 um, 250 mm x 4.6 mm), mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 mM at pH 4.2 to 4.5 at a flow rate of 1 mL / min. The low absorption of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), found in wheat plants in this study may be due mainly to photodegradation phenomena and enzymatic degradation. All adsorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich equation and determined its partition coefficient or distribution Kd, which indicates the greater or lesser capacity of a chemical compound to be adsorbed by the solid fraction of the soil. As in the case of these adsorption isotherms, Kd (L / g) varied with the initial concentration of NSAIDs added, its value was estimated by averaging all points of each isotherm, thereby having an overall estimation of the process of adsorption at all concentrations used in the study. In general, it was found that adsorption of ibuprofen was lower in all systems studied soil-biosolids, compared with the three other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although microbial degradation plays a fundamental role in the degradation of NSAIDs under study, other types of degradation involved, such as oxidative degradation, photodegradation, among others. In this study only evaluated the microbial degradation, to sterilize both soil and biosolids. Based on this, we determined that for the case of Diclofenac and Ketoprofen this type of degradation plays an important role, that by removing microbial activity sterilizing the soil, the adsorption of these inflammatory increased with the addition of sterile biosolids, compared with non-sterile soil. In contrast, in the case of naproxen and ibuprofen was found that the adsorption do not increased when was inhibited microbial activity, hence can be concluded that this type of degradation is not predominant...
At the present time, there are several treatment plants wastewater whose residues, biosolids, can be used as fertilizer complementary and / or remedial soil. However, they may contain various types of pollutants such as trace metals, organic and inorganic compounds and compounds of pharmaceutical origin. Although the body can metabolize a significant percentage of ingested drugs, a percentage of these are excreted with the metabolites resulting from digestion of the drug into the water. This fact can affect the environment, due to bioaccumulation and toxicity of the drug, making it an emerging contaminant. The increasing use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, so its impact on the environment is growing. The objective of this study is to determine the behavior of NSAIDs (Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen and Diclofenac), through the estimate of the absorption capacity in wheat plants in hydroponic system, along with to determine the adsorption capacity of NSAIDs in different soil-biosolid systems. The floating root hydroponic system consisted of a series of plastic containers which were placed on Styrofoam plates, where plants are arranged, being in this way the root floating in nutrient solution. In addition, we investigated the adsorption capacity in soils through adsorption isotherms, to know the type of interaction that exists in the soil-solution interface; also studied the effect on the adsorption of the incorporation of non-sterile and sterile biosolids on unsterilized and sterilized soils. The presence of anti-inflammatory in the samples was determined by HPLC with diode array detector, working with a C18 column (5 um, 250 mm x 4.6 mm), mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 mM at pH 4.2 to 4.5 at a flow rate of 1 mL / min. The low absorption of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), found in wheat plants in this study may be due mainly to photodegradation phenomena and enzymatic degradation. All adsorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich equation and determined its partition coefficient or distribution Kd, which indicates the greater or lesser capacity of a chemical compound to be adsorbed by the solid fraction of the soil. As in the case of these adsorption isotherms, Kd (L / g) varied with the initial concentration of NSAIDs added, its value was estimated by averaging all points of each isotherm, thereby having an overall estimation of the process of adsorption at all concentrations used in the study. In general, it was found that adsorption of ibuprofen was lower in all systems studied soil-biosolids, compared with the three other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although microbial degradation plays a fundamental role in the degradation of NSAIDs under study, other types of degradation involved, such as oxidative degradation, photodegradation, among others. In this study only evaluated the microbial degradation, to sterilize both soil and biosolids. Based on this, we determined that for the case of Diclofenac and Ketoprofen this type of degradation plays an important role, that by removing microbial activity sterilizing the soil, the adsorption of these inflammatory increased with the addition of sterile biosolids, compared with non-sterile soil. In contrast, in the case of naproxen and ibuprofen was found that the adsorption do not increased when was inhibited microbial activity, hence can be concluded that this type of degradation is not predominant...