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Efecto de la rehabilitación vocal basada en la terapia de resistencia en el agua en sujetos diagnosticados con disfonía funcional
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
DE LAS ALTERACIONES DE LA VOZ
4.2 TERAPIA DESDE LA FONOAUDIOLOGÍA
4.3 EJERCICIOS DE TRACTO VOCAL SEMIOCLUIDO
4.4 FONACIÓN EN TUBOS DE RESONANCIA
4.5 TERAPIA DE RESISTENCIA EN EL AGUA
5. OBJETIVOS GENERALES
6. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
7...
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE MEDICINA ESCUELA DE FONOAUDIOLOGÍA EFECTO DE LA REHABILITACIÓN VOCAL BASADA EN LA TERAPIA DE RESISTENCIA EN EL AGUA EN SUJETOS DIAGNOSTICADOS CON...
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE MEDICINA ESCUELA DE FONOAUDIOLOGÍA EFECTO DE LA REHABILITACIÓN VOCAL BASADA EN LA TERAPIA DE RESISTENCIA EN EL AGUA EN SUJETOS DIAGNOSTICADOS CON...
Fundamentos de la identificación vocal de hablantes del español de Chile : una mirada fonoaudiológica
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)
fonético-fonológicos que conforman el sustrato del estudio de la voz. En segunda instancia, se introduce al ámbito de la acústica del crimen y la fonética forense, apartado en el cual se hace referencia a las principales corrientes y tipos de análisis...
This documentary analysis provides a theoretical review about the aspects of vocal identification of speakers within the forensic discipline. Although the speech and language therapist has not yet formal participation in these activities, the current need to generate a comprehensive analysis of the components related to the vocal has opened the possibility that the speech therapist can perform in tasks of this area. Concerning the lack of systematization of information in reference to the vocal identification of speakers, it is suggested this document as an answer to the problems. Firstly, it has made a description regarding the anatomical- physiological aspects, acoustics and phonetic-phonological that forms the basics of the study of the voice. Secondly, it is introduced the field of the crime acoustic and forensic phonetic, the matter in which it makes reference to the main analysis used in the identification process. In the following, it is mentioned the different methods, variables and factors associated to the forensic analysis. Finally, it is given an estimate to the national situation with regard to the research field. According to the results, it is stated a limited consensus about conceptual terms and methods of vocal identification. Therefore, respecting the variables that take place in the forensic analysis it was clearly seen that it does not stipulate one main criterion about classification that makes difficult its usefulness in the practical matter and its concretes results about the identification of a person. In national level, it was observed a major lack of research that creates an inadequate validity to this matter....
This documentary analysis provides a theoretical review about the aspects of vocal identification of speakers within the forensic discipline. Although the speech and language therapist has not yet formal participation in these activities, the current need to generate a comprehensive analysis of the components related to the vocal has opened the possibility that the speech therapist can perform in tasks of this area. Concerning the lack of systematization of information in reference to the vocal identification of speakers, it is suggested this document as an answer to the problems. Firstly, it has made a description regarding the anatomical- physiological aspects, acoustics and phonetic-phonological that forms the basics of the study of the voice. Secondly, it is introduced the field of the crime acoustic and forensic phonetic, the matter in which it makes reference to the main analysis used in the identification process. In the following, it is mentioned the different methods, variables and factors associated to the forensic analysis. Finally, it is given an estimate to the national situation with regard to the research field. According to the results, it is stated a limited consensus about conceptual terms and methods of vocal identification. Therefore, respecting the variables that take place in the forensic analysis it was clearly seen that it does not stipulate one main criterion about classification that makes difficult its usefulness in the practical matter and its concretes results about the identification of a person. In national level, it was observed a major lack of research that creates an inadequate validity to this matter....
Relación entre el tono medio hablado y el rango tonal cantado en un grupo de cantantes populares
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
baja entre voz hablada y cantada en todos los sujetos (48,14%), siendo esta menor en hombres que en mujeres. Se vio que en las clasificaciones medias (Mezzosoprano-barítono) esta correlación era menor que en clasificaciones extremas. Es importante...
The object of this investigation was to determine the possible existing relationship between the Mean Spoken Tone (MST) and the range of tones of the singing voice, in popular singers in Santiago of Chile. 32 people participated in this investigation. They had the following requirements: They were all popular singers, professional and amateur, male and female, living in Santiago, whose ages ranged from 18 to 40, with a minimum vocal demand of 5 hours per week. The selection of these subjects was made based on convenience. We conducted an anamnesis to collect personal, morbid and vocal history of the subjects, using the ADAPTED VOCAL EVALUATION CHART. An acoustic analysis was made using the MDVP program, to discard dysphonia. To obtain the MST, we recorded and analyzed the reading of the text “The Grandparent”, using the Multi Speech program. It was also obtained perceptually using a keyboard to support the analysis. The range of singing tones was obtained through vocalizations again using a keyboard as support. The results were analyzed descriptively, through frequency charts and percentages. We found a relatively low degree of positive relationship between spoken and singing voice through all of the subjects (48.14%), though this relationship was significantly higher in women than in men. In middle classifications (Mezzosoprano-baritone) this relation was lower than in the rest of the classifications. It’s important to mention that there were no Bass participating in this study. The heterogeneous vocal behavior found within this group suggests that there may be no relation between singing and spoken voice in popular singers. However, it is necessary to further investigate this issue in the future....
The object of this investigation was to determine the possible existing relationship between the Mean Spoken Tone (MST) and the range of tones of the singing voice, in popular singers in Santiago of Chile. 32 people participated in this investigation. They had the following requirements: They were all popular singers, professional and amateur, male and female, living in Santiago, whose ages ranged from 18 to 40, with a minimum vocal demand of 5 hours per week. The selection of these subjects was made based on convenience. We conducted an anamnesis to collect personal, morbid and vocal history of the subjects, using the ADAPTED VOCAL EVALUATION CHART. An acoustic analysis was made using the MDVP program, to discard dysphonia. To obtain the MST, we recorded and analyzed the reading of the text “The Grandparent”, using the Multi Speech program. It was also obtained perceptually using a keyboard to support the analysis. The range of singing tones was obtained through vocalizations again using a keyboard as support. The results were analyzed descriptively, through frequency charts and percentages. We found a relatively low degree of positive relationship between spoken and singing voice through all of the subjects (48.14%), though this relationship was significantly higher in women than in men. In middle classifications (Mezzosoprano-baritone) this relation was lower than in the rest of the classifications. It’s important to mention that there were no Bass participating in this study. The heterogeneous vocal behavior found within this group suggests that there may be no relation between singing and spoken voice in popular singers. However, it is necessary to further investigate this issue in the future....
Prevalencia de Articulaciones Compensatorias en pacientes de 3 a 6 años de edad con Insuficiencia Velofaríngea producto de Fisura con compromiso velar operada de un Hospital pediátrico de Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
Introducción: La Fisura Labiopalatina (FLP) es una malformación craneofacial que puede tener como consecuencia Insuficiencia Velofaríngea (IVF) producto de una alteración estructural del velo del paladar. Esta disfunción repercute en el habla de los...
Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a craniofacial malformation which may result in Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI), product of the soft palate structural alteration. This dysfunction affects the speech of the subjects and can produce Compensatory Articulations (CA) by the unconscious attempt to achieve the velopharyngeal sphincter movement. The CA compromises speech intelligibility because its production omits lip and tongue movements that normally achieve the articulatory points of high pressure allophones. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the speech characterization of subjects with a compromised soft palate determining CA prevalence in a group of patients with VPI. Methodology: The research was composed by 24 children with VPI ranging in age from 3 years to 6 years 11 months, and attendding by GES speech and language therapy unit of Roberto del Río Hospital in Santiago of Chile. The velopharyngeal sphincter functionality was assessed in the minors, in addition to the presence and type of CA, through the assessment pattern of cleft patient of the hospital. Results and Conclusions: In the sample, 45.8% of children show compensatory articulations. From these, 54.5% have Glottal Stop AC type and the rest has a combination of both Glottal stop and Pharyngeal Fricative. Most children with AC have an insufficient velopharyngeal mechanism. Therefore, due to the fact that almost half of the children in the sample have damaged speech intelligibility, it is essential to expand the knowledge of the characteristics and therapeutic approach to these difficulties....
Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a craniofacial malformation which may result in Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI), product of the soft palate structural alteration. This dysfunction affects the speech of the subjects and can produce Compensatory Articulations (CA) by the unconscious attempt to achieve the velopharyngeal sphincter movement. The CA compromises speech intelligibility because its production omits lip and tongue movements that normally achieve the articulatory points of high pressure allophones. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the speech characterization of subjects with a compromised soft palate determining CA prevalence in a group of patients with VPI. Methodology: The research was composed by 24 children with VPI ranging in age from 3 years to 6 years 11 months, and attendding by GES speech and language therapy unit of Roberto del Río Hospital in Santiago of Chile. The velopharyngeal sphincter functionality was assessed in the minors, in addition to the presence and type of CA, through the assessment pattern of cleft patient of the hospital. Results and Conclusions: In the sample, 45.8% of children show compensatory articulations. From these, 54.5% have Glottal Stop AC type and the rest has a combination of both Glottal stop and Pharyngeal Fricative. Most children with AC have an insufficient velopharyngeal mechanism. Therefore, due to the fact that almost half of the children in the sample have damaged speech intelligibility, it is essential to expand the knowledge of the characteristics and therapeutic approach to these difficulties....
Géneros musicales y sus variantes perceptuales, de configuración del tracto vocal, configuración laríngea y pendientes espectral en un grupo de cantantes populares de Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
Si bien, durante las últimas décadas se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de los mecanismos que están a la base de la producción de la voz, faltan estudios que estén enfocados en caracterizarlos en el canto popular y sus distintos géneros. Existe una...
Even though, during the last decades progress has been made on the knowledge of the mechanisms at the basis of voice production, there is still a lack of studies focused on contemporary comercial singing (CCS) and their different genres. In CCS, it is possible to find a great variety of techniques which depend on the training or the education level of singers. It is also important to consider the great lack of knowledge about singing voice by speech and language pathologists. Currently, there is no clear vision of the proper technique or if there is an adequate technique, and if it varies according to the genre. The aim of the present study is not only to contribute to the current knowledge, but also to show the benefits that this knowledge may have in the vocal training of healthy voices, as well as the carrying out of a diagnostic and intervention of voice pathologies and vocal training. 12 popular singers participated in the study. They went through to two stages in this research. The first one was to corroborate vocal indemnity through laryngeal videostroboscopy. The second stage considered a transnasal laringoscopy, acoustic and perceptual analysis. Data collection for laryngoscopic and perceptual analysis was carried out through a visual analogue scale by four blinded judges. Intra and inter reliability analysis was perform. PRAAT program was used to perform the acoustic analysis. Results showed significant differences in laryngoscopic variables and their sub variables: anteroposterior constriction, medial constriction, pharyngeal constriction, and laryngeal constriction; and in the spectral acoustic parameters and its sub variables L1-L0, alfa ratio, Leq, and glottal noise for the different genres and loudness levels. Regarding the perceptual variables, only sonority, vocal onset, and perception of tonicity showed significant differences. Significant correlation between the variables alpha ratio and glottal noise; L1-L0 and Leq, and L1-L0 and medial supraglottic constriction were found. As increased emission intensity increased muscle activity, as well as to the perception of tonicity was found. Regarding gender, the Rock was presented the highest muscle activity....
Even though, during the last decades progress has been made on the knowledge of the mechanisms at the basis of voice production, there is still a lack of studies focused on contemporary comercial singing (CCS) and their different genres. In CCS, it is possible to find a great variety of techniques which depend on the training or the education level of singers. It is also important to consider the great lack of knowledge about singing voice by speech and language pathologists. Currently, there is no clear vision of the proper technique or if there is an adequate technique, and if it varies according to the genre. The aim of the present study is not only to contribute to the current knowledge, but also to show the benefits that this knowledge may have in the vocal training of healthy voices, as well as the carrying out of a diagnostic and intervention of voice pathologies and vocal training. 12 popular singers participated in the study. They went through to two stages in this research. The first one was to corroborate vocal indemnity through laryngeal videostroboscopy. The second stage considered a transnasal laringoscopy, acoustic and perceptual analysis. Data collection for laryngoscopic and perceptual analysis was carried out through a visual analogue scale by four blinded judges. Intra and inter reliability analysis was perform. PRAAT program was used to perform the acoustic analysis. Results showed significant differences in laryngoscopic variables and their sub variables: anteroposterior constriction, medial constriction, pharyngeal constriction, and laryngeal constriction; and in the spectral acoustic parameters and its sub variables L1-L0, alfa ratio, Leq, and glottal noise for the different genres and loudness levels. Regarding the perceptual variables, only sonority, vocal onset, and perception of tonicity showed significant differences. Significant correlation between the variables alpha ratio and glottal noise; L1-L0 and Leq, and L1-L0 and medial supraglottic constriction were found. As increased emission intensity increased muscle activity, as well as to the perception of tonicity was found. Regarding gender, the Rock was presented the highest muscle activity....
Evaluación de la discriminación del habla y resolución temporal en un grupo de adultos mayores hispanohablantes
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
Revista Chilena de Fonoaudiología
Volumen 8, Nº 1, 2007, pág. 35 - 55
35
EVALUACIÓN DE LA DISCRIMINACIÓN DEL HABLA Y
RESOLUCIÓN TEMPORAL EN UN GRUPO DE ADULTOS
MAYORES HISPANOHABLANTES
ASSESSMENT OF SPEECH...
complejos como el habla. Revista Chilena de Fonoaudiología / Volumen 8 / Nº 1 / junio de 2007 38 Considerando el hecho que estudios en poblaciones de adultos mayores han demostrado que estos, a pesar de presentar umbrales audiométricos igual o mejores...
complejos como el habla. Revista Chilena de Fonoaudiología / Volumen 8 / Nº 1 / junio de 2007 38 Considerando el hecho que estudios en poblaciones de adultos mayores han demostrado que estos, a pesar de presentar umbrales audiométricos igual o mejores...
Estudio acústico de la variación interlocutor en sujetos hablantes nativos del español de Santiago de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
psicológicas individuales, lo cual convierte a la voz en un elemento útil en la identificación de sujetos. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de la fonética forense, disciplina encargada del reconocimiento de individuos a través de su voz, es aún incipiente en Chile...
Parámetros del Habla en Adultos Normales Chilenos
(Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, 2011)
El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento en tareas de habla de adultos chilenos segun edad y genero, para obtener datos normativos destinados a la evaluación del habla en nuestra población....
Lingüística aplicada a los trastornos del lenguaje
(Universidad de Chile, 1998)
Se presenta una introducción a la problemática de la lingüística aplicada a los trastornos del lenguaje. El tema se desarrolla considerando tres aspectos fundamentales. En primer término, se comenta el enfoque diferente que implica aplicar la...
Edad de adquisición de fonemas líquidos en un grupo de niños chilenos entre 3 y 4 años 11 meses de nivel socioeconómico medio en la Región Metropolitana
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
Este Seminario de Investigación presenta la edad de adquisición de los fonemas líquidos en un grupo de 80 niños chilenos entre los 3 y 4 años 11 meses de edad residentes en la Región Metropolitana. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de la...
This research seminar presents the acquisition age of liquid phonemes in a group of 80 chilean children between 3 and 4 years 11 months, residents in the Metropolitan Region. Data were collected through the creation of a production test of these phonemes in different syllabic position. The results obtained with 80% of achievement are: phoneme /l/ acquired in the age group of 3 years 6 months to 3 years 11 months, /ɾ / in the age range of 4 years 0 months to 4 years 5 months, and the phoneme /r/ a percentage of achievement to consider acquired was not obtained. Furthermore, since there are no exclusion criteria, this sample is characterized according to the different tests applied: hearing screening, TEPROSIF-r and functionality of phono-articulatory organs....
This research seminar presents the acquisition age of liquid phonemes in a group of 80 chilean children between 3 and 4 years 11 months, residents in the Metropolitan Region. Data were collected through the creation of a production test of these phonemes in different syllabic position. The results obtained with 80% of achievement are: phoneme /l/ acquired in the age group of 3 years 6 months to 3 years 11 months, /ɾ / in the age range of 4 years 0 months to 4 years 5 months, and the phoneme /r/ a percentage of achievement to consider acquired was not obtained. Furthermore, since there are no exclusion criteria, this sample is characterized according to the different tests applied: hearing screening, TEPROSIF-r and functionality of phono-articulatory organs....