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Street art : el rol de la arquitectura como espacio soporte
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
artísticas.
La investigación se realizó a partir de una encuesta aplicada a 104 personas, cuyas respuestas fueron validadas mediante una serie de conversaciones con expertos vinculados al arte, la arquitectura y la sociedad.
A partir de los resultados, se...
Características sociodemográficas y su relación con la cobertura de papanicolaou, Chile 2009-2014
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
explorar la relación existente entre la
cobertura de PAP en Chile y determinadas condiciones sociodemográficas presentes en la
encuesta de caracterización sociodemográfica (CASEN) entre los años 2009 al 2014.
La investigación se desarrolló utilizando...
, las regiones que tienen menor porcentaje de cobertura de PAP tienen mejores condiciones sociodemográficas. Existe relación durante el año 2013 entre porcentaje de cobertura de PAP y algunas condiciones sociodemográficas extraídas de la encuesta CASEN...
, las regiones que tienen menor porcentaje de cobertura de PAP tienen mejores condiciones sociodemográficas. Existe relación durante el año 2013 entre porcentaje de cobertura de PAP y algunas condiciones sociodemográficas extraídas de la encuesta CASEN...
Evaluación de la utilización de inhaladores en pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
y descriptivo a pacientes y/o cuidadores de la sala de medicina broncopulmonar, mediante una encuesta, para evaluar conocimiento sobre la técnica inhalatoria y la adherencia, siendo esta última, medida usando el test de Morisky-Green. Además, se...
Introduction: An appropriate use of inhalers provides optimal management of certain respiratory diseases. On the other hand, the poor utilization of them by patients and/or caregivers, leads to a failure in compliance, and also a waste of logistical and financial resources associated with these drugs. Objective: To evaluate the utilization of inhalers in patients of “Hospital Exequiel González Cortés”. Materials and methods: A database was created based on pharmacy records and FONASA database. Variables as number of patients, sex and residence place were analyzed, as well as “what”, “when” and “how many” inhalers were dispensed. Then, an observational and descriptive study was performed to patients and/or caregivers, on the bronchopulmonary room through a survey, to evaluate knowledge about inhalation technique and adherence. The latter was measured by Morisky-Green test, and also others aspects associated to inhalers were analyzed. The period between June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016 was studied, both dates inclusive. Results: In the period assessed, were dispensed 2084 inhalers, 57% (n= 1188) of the patients were male, and 95,7% (n=199) came from Metropolitan Region. The most dispensed drug was oral fluticasone 250 ug. May and April were the months with more inhalers dispensed. Also, two-thirds parts of the patients withdrew less than 5 inhalers per year. The survey found that patients answered an average 5 questions of 7 on the inhalation technique, and according to Morisky-Green criteria, there was a 30,4% of adherence. Conclusion: From the survey a lack of adherence was found, which could be explained by the fact that the patients withdrew less inhalers than indicated, requiring interventions in this regard, or could also be due to patients taking drugs in another way, requiring interventions in this regard...
Introduction: An appropriate use of inhalers provides optimal management of certain respiratory diseases. On the other hand, the poor utilization of them by patients and/or caregivers, leads to a failure in compliance, and also a waste of logistical and financial resources associated with these drugs. Objective: To evaluate the utilization of inhalers in patients of “Hospital Exequiel González Cortés”. Materials and methods: A database was created based on pharmacy records and FONASA database. Variables as number of patients, sex and residence place were analyzed, as well as “what”, “when” and “how many” inhalers were dispensed. Then, an observational and descriptive study was performed to patients and/or caregivers, on the bronchopulmonary room through a survey, to evaluate knowledge about inhalation technique and adherence. The latter was measured by Morisky-Green test, and also others aspects associated to inhalers were analyzed. The period between June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016 was studied, both dates inclusive. Results: In the period assessed, were dispensed 2084 inhalers, 57% (n= 1188) of the patients were male, and 95,7% (n=199) came from Metropolitan Region. The most dispensed drug was oral fluticasone 250 ug. May and April were the months with more inhalers dispensed. Also, two-thirds parts of the patients withdrew less than 5 inhalers per year. The survey found that patients answered an average 5 questions of 7 on the inhalation technique, and according to Morisky-Green criteria, there was a 30,4% of adherence. Conclusion: From the survey a lack of adherence was found, which could be explained by the fact that the patients withdrew less inhalers than indicated, requiring interventions in this regard, or could also be due to patients taking drugs in another way, requiring interventions in this regard...
Caracterización del estado de sobrepeso/obesidad y factores de riesgo de caninos que asisten a centros de atención clínica de FAVET
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
individuos), se aplicó a los dueños de los caninos una encuesta previamente validada. Esta encuesta midió un total de 60 variables, y buscó relacionar factores asociados al animal y al dueño con la presentación de obesidad canina. Para la caracterización de...
Obesity in dogs is defined as a condition of positive energy balance with excessive formation of adipose tissue that generates adverse effects on the morbidity and mortality of the canine. The prevalence of obesity in dogs has been increasing, in previous studies it is estimated that they vary between 18% and 44% worldwide. Currently in Chile, there are no official studies of prevalence of overweight/obesity in pets. The objective of this Title Report was to characterize the state of overweight/obesity and risk factors of the canines that attend a Veterinary Medical consultation in FAVET clinical care centers. In both clinical care centers, and according to the specific sample size (386 individuals), a previously validated survey was applied to the owners of the canines. This survey measured a total of 60 variables and sought to relate factors associated with the animal and the owner with the presentation of canine obesity. For the characterization of overweight/obesity the body condition is evaluated using a 5-point scale, and for the analysis of the data a logistic regression model is used, in which the use of a liberal value criterion was proposed, conserving for the multivariable analysis to all those factors that to the univariate analysis consider a value of p < 0.25. Then, a gradual phase-out procedure was considered, where they had variables with non-significant regression coefficients (p > 0.05) were removed from the model. The survey results showed a 37.8% prevalence of overweight/obesity at the El Roble Veterinary Health Center, and 48.7% of overweight/obesity at the Bilbao Veterinary Clinical Hospital. The total prevalence in this study was 43.3% overweight/obesity. Regarding the risk factors, five are identified: (1) the importance that the owners have in the opinion of a friend / relative when buying food from their pets (OR = 84, p < 0.001), (2 ) visit the veterinarian scheduled or followed (OR = 7, p < 0.006), (3) that the pet did not have a disease (OR = 3, p < 0.04), (4) that the owner was normal weight (OR = 3, p < 0.012), and (5) the amount of daily food that will be provided to your pets (OR = 1, p < 0.028). This study constitutes the first official report of prevalence of overweight/obesity in canines of the Metropolitan Region....
Obesity in dogs is defined as a condition of positive energy balance with excessive formation of adipose tissue that generates adverse effects on the morbidity and mortality of the canine. The prevalence of obesity in dogs has been increasing, in previous studies it is estimated that they vary between 18% and 44% worldwide. Currently in Chile, there are no official studies of prevalence of overweight/obesity in pets. The objective of this Title Report was to characterize the state of overweight/obesity and risk factors of the canines that attend a Veterinary Medical consultation in FAVET clinical care centers. In both clinical care centers, and according to the specific sample size (386 individuals), a previously validated survey was applied to the owners of the canines. This survey measured a total of 60 variables and sought to relate factors associated with the animal and the owner with the presentation of canine obesity. For the characterization of overweight/obesity the body condition is evaluated using a 5-point scale, and for the analysis of the data a logistic regression model is used, in which the use of a liberal value criterion was proposed, conserving for the multivariable analysis to all those factors that to the univariate analysis consider a value of p < 0.25. Then, a gradual phase-out procedure was considered, where they had variables with non-significant regression coefficients (p > 0.05) were removed from the model. The survey results showed a 37.8% prevalence of overweight/obesity at the El Roble Veterinary Health Center, and 48.7% of overweight/obesity at the Bilbao Veterinary Clinical Hospital. The total prevalence in this study was 43.3% overweight/obesity. Regarding the risk factors, five are identified: (1) the importance that the owners have in the opinion of a friend / relative when buying food from their pets (OR = 84, p < 0.001), (2 ) visit the veterinarian scheduled or followed (OR = 7, p < 0.006), (3) that the pet did not have a disease (OR = 3, p < 0.04), (4) that the owner was normal weight (OR = 3, p < 0.012), and (5) the amount of daily food that will be provided to your pets (OR = 1, p < 0.028). This study constitutes the first official report of prevalence of overweight/obesity in canines of the Metropolitan Region....
Tendencias y perspectivas del comercio nacional e internacional de alimentos
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
perspectiva del comercio nacional e internacional a través de una
revisión bibliográfica y de una caracterización, tanto de las empresas como de los
consumidores locales, el estudio de ambos temas será por medio de encuestas.
La revisión bibliográfica fue...
Innovation within the food industry is a very broad concept, which can be applied within the processing of the company to optimize production parameters such as costs, time, product improvement or development of a new food for the market. These innovations have to be in line with consumer demands and current trends, which will be analyzed throughout this study. The main objective is to analyze the trend and perspective of national and international trade through a literature review and a characterization of both companies and local consumers, the study of both topics will be through surveys. The bibliographic review was obtained from different databases, such as: Science Direct, Web of Science, Scielo, Google Scholar and Google in general. For the bibliographic study of the technologies, a total of 12,837 publications were found, of which 16.3% corresponded to High Hydrostatic Pressures, 8.1% to nanotechnology, 8.5% to lyophilization and 67.1% to packaging. The industries that use this type of technology are: dairy, fruit and vegetable, meat and seafood industries, among others. In order to carry out a more exhaustive study, two surveys were conducted. The first was made to 92 consumers at random, obtaining all the responses. As a general indicator, 75% of the people surveyed said that they had increased their consumption of healthy foods in their diet. The second survey was made to 117 companies of different areas that develop food, obtaining 22 responses. It could be observed, at a general level, that all of them had implemented some type of change or improvement in their processing systems and/or products in order to stand out and be more competitive in the market, thus adapting to the demands of consumers who opt for foods that are nutritious and beneficial to their health...
Innovation within the food industry is a very broad concept, which can be applied within the processing of the company to optimize production parameters such as costs, time, product improvement or development of a new food for the market. These innovations have to be in line with consumer demands and current trends, which will be analyzed throughout this study. The main objective is to analyze the trend and perspective of national and international trade through a literature review and a characterization of both companies and local consumers, the study of both topics will be through surveys. The bibliographic review was obtained from different databases, such as: Science Direct, Web of Science, Scielo, Google Scholar and Google in general. For the bibliographic study of the technologies, a total of 12,837 publications were found, of which 16.3% corresponded to High Hydrostatic Pressures, 8.1% to nanotechnology, 8.5% to lyophilization and 67.1% to packaging. The industries that use this type of technology are: dairy, fruit and vegetable, meat and seafood industries, among others. In order to carry out a more exhaustive study, two surveys were conducted. The first was made to 92 consumers at random, obtaining all the responses. As a general indicator, 75% of the people surveyed said that they had increased their consumption of healthy foods in their diet. The second survey was made to 117 companies of different areas that develop food, obtaining 22 responses. It could be observed, at a general level, that all of them had implemented some type of change or improvement in their processing systems and/or products in order to stand out and be more competitive in the market, thus adapting to the demands of consumers who opt for foods that are nutritious and beneficial to their health...
Plan de negocios para empresa de trabajo de campo, en la industria de la investigación de mercado, a través de la web
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
directa, encuestas o entrevistas cara a cara, telefónicas o vía web. En los últimos años, se ha visto una gran evolución en las herramientas utilizadas dentro de la investigación de mercado. La tendencia mundial muestra claramente que las herramientas...
Modelo y plan de negocios de checkwow, plataforma digital de marketing en restaurantes
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
, mostrando banners publicitarios interactivos y una encuesta se servicio del restaurante.
La plataforma fue probada en dos etapas, primero un piloto que duró dos meses en un restaurante, donde se corroboró su impacto e interacción con los clientes. En...
Factores conductuales que inciden en la reganancia de peso post gastrectomía vertical en manga asociada a bypass yeyunal
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
encuestas validadas para evaluar reganancia de peso, activi dad física, encuesta de tendencia de consumo alimentaria y de presencia de trastorno por atraco nes (BED).
Resultados: Se evaluaron 41 pacientes de los cuales el 14,6% fueron del sexo masculino y...
Introduction: The prevalence of the obesity has been increasing in the recent decades world wide. Bariatric surgery has shown to be the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities. The maximum decrease in weight is between 18-24 months post surgery. Never theless, after this period of rapid weight reduction, stabilization and subsequent regain of lost weight is observed. Among the behavioral factors that have been associated with regain of weight, it can be found the ones related to eating behavior and physical activity. Aim: Evaluate what are the most important behavioral factors weight gain in patients undergoing to sleeve gastrectomy associated with jejunal bypass. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed, in which patients undergoing to sleeve gastrec tomy associated to jejunal bypass, who had completed at least three years of follow-up were evaluated. Validated surveys to assess regain of weight; physical activity; food frequency ques tionnaire and presence of binge eating disorder (BED) were performed. Results: A total of 41 patients of which 14.6 % were males, and 85.4 % females were evaluated. The average preoperative BMI of the study group was 38.1 kg/m2. The evaluation was conduct ed in average on the 61st postoperatory month. The average of weight regain was 27.5% of the total weight loss. At the present, the excess of weight loss is 62.8 %. The total average calories consumed by patients was 1531 kcal/day. The intake of carbohydrates accounted for 48.5 % of the ingested calories, and the refined carbohydrates corresponded to 18.5 %. 63.4 % of patients report "grazing"; Breakfast consumption was present in 92.6 % of patients and 26.3% of the in terviewed patients reported performing moderate / intense physical activity, no significant asso ciation was found among regain of weight and any of these variables. The average hours of sleep reported by patients was of 6.8 h/day; sleeping hours showed no association with weight regain neither. The average score obtained in BES survey (to assess BED) was 10 points. Significant statistics were found by dividing the group between patients who developed BED (score> 17) and those who did not present it. Patients who developed BED were those who regained more weight (p=0.034). The analysis of multiple regression with stepwise method, the only variable that remained in the model was the total calories with R2 = 0,174 (p=0,008. Conclusion: The presence of BED must be identified and treated opportunely previous to the surgery, to maximize the chance of having a successful result in both, the reduction and mainte nance of weight....
Introduction: The prevalence of the obesity has been increasing in the recent decades world wide. Bariatric surgery has shown to be the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities. The maximum decrease in weight is between 18-24 months post surgery. Never theless, after this period of rapid weight reduction, stabilization and subsequent regain of lost weight is observed. Among the behavioral factors that have been associated with regain of weight, it can be found the ones related to eating behavior and physical activity. Aim: Evaluate what are the most important behavioral factors weight gain in patients undergoing to sleeve gastrectomy associated with jejunal bypass. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed, in which patients undergoing to sleeve gastrec tomy associated to jejunal bypass, who had completed at least three years of follow-up were evaluated. Validated surveys to assess regain of weight; physical activity; food frequency ques tionnaire and presence of binge eating disorder (BED) were performed. Results: A total of 41 patients of which 14.6 % were males, and 85.4 % females were evaluated. The average preoperative BMI of the study group was 38.1 kg/m2. The evaluation was conduct ed in average on the 61st postoperatory month. The average of weight regain was 27.5% of the total weight loss. At the present, the excess of weight loss is 62.8 %. The total average calories consumed by patients was 1531 kcal/day. The intake of carbohydrates accounted for 48.5 % of the ingested calories, and the refined carbohydrates corresponded to 18.5 %. 63.4 % of patients report "grazing"; Breakfast consumption was present in 92.6 % of patients and 26.3% of the in terviewed patients reported performing moderate / intense physical activity, no significant asso ciation was found among regain of weight and any of these variables. The average hours of sleep reported by patients was of 6.8 h/day; sleeping hours showed no association with weight regain neither. The average score obtained in BES survey (to assess BED) was 10 points. Significant statistics were found by dividing the group between patients who developed BED (score> 17) and those who did not present it. Patients who developed BED were those who regained more weight (p=0.034). The analysis of multiple regression with stepwise method, the only variable that remained in the model was the total calories with R2 = 0,174 (p=0,008. Conclusion: The presence of BED must be identified and treated opportunely previous to the surgery, to maximize the chance of having a successful result in both, the reduction and mainte nance of weight....
Estudio de percepción pública nacional como fundamento para la protección ambiental y formulación de políticas públicas.
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
este
motivo desde el año 2014, el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente de Chile realizó un proceso
anual de recopilación de información, por medio de encuestas, de las percepciones
ciudadanas sobre temas medioambientales. Este seminario plantea caracterizar la...
Concern for environmental problems is not exclusive to the 21st century. In the 20th century, critical episodes of contamination were evident, like the case of the Meuse Valley in 1930, where episodes of contamination were associated to cases of mortality and morbidity. Cases like the previous example led governments to develop and implement regulations on pollutant emissions to protect the health of people and ecosystems. Chile is no stranger to environmental problems. Several cities have high levels of air pollution and there had been cases of water pollution, like the case of Río Cruces in 2004. Because there had been environmental problems, the governments had taken measures for their control. Examples in the normative are Atmospheric Prevention and Decontamination Plans (PPDA). To evaluate the effectiveness of every program they must be periodically reviewed. Public perception of public policies it’s a fundamental tool in the progress. For this reason, since 2014, the Ministry of the Environment of Chile, by using surveys, carried out an annual information gathering process on citizen perceptions on environmental issues. This work proposes to characterize the evolution of citizen perception on these issues and how it has influenced the application of public policies. For this, the National Environmental Surveys from 2014 to 2018 were analysed with various qualitative analyses (identification of common questions, when topics are included or excluded) and quantitative (relative frequency and use of the Jenks method for classifying groups). This analysis answered, among some questions: Do common questions exist between the surveys? How has citizen perception evolved? Have the surveys had any influence on the generation and /or implementation of subsequent public policies? Answering these questions will help to fill gaps of knowledge and to contribute to the validation processes of the country's environmental management. Several questions were used in more than one survey, but only 11 questions about public perception were used un every survey. Various questions were related to matters that had already been legislated and that could be improved. When comparing the effectiveness of a PPDA implementaed between the years 2014 to 2020 with variations in public perception, it was found that the PPDA do not tend to respond satisfactorily to the concerns of the citizens....
Concern for environmental problems is not exclusive to the 21st century. In the 20th century, critical episodes of contamination were evident, like the case of the Meuse Valley in 1930, where episodes of contamination were associated to cases of mortality and morbidity. Cases like the previous example led governments to develop and implement regulations on pollutant emissions to protect the health of people and ecosystems. Chile is no stranger to environmental problems. Several cities have high levels of air pollution and there had been cases of water pollution, like the case of Río Cruces in 2004. Because there had been environmental problems, the governments had taken measures for their control. Examples in the normative are Atmospheric Prevention and Decontamination Plans (PPDA). To evaluate the effectiveness of every program they must be periodically reviewed. Public perception of public policies it’s a fundamental tool in the progress. For this reason, since 2014, the Ministry of the Environment of Chile, by using surveys, carried out an annual information gathering process on citizen perceptions on environmental issues. This work proposes to characterize the evolution of citizen perception on these issues and how it has influenced the application of public policies. For this, the National Environmental Surveys from 2014 to 2018 were analysed with various qualitative analyses (identification of common questions, when topics are included or excluded) and quantitative (relative frequency and use of the Jenks method for classifying groups). This analysis answered, among some questions: Do common questions exist between the surveys? How has citizen perception evolved? Have the surveys had any influence on the generation and /or implementation of subsequent public policies? Answering these questions will help to fill gaps of knowledge and to contribute to the validation processes of the country's environmental management. Several questions were used in more than one survey, but only 11 questions about public perception were used un every survey. Various questions were related to matters that had already been legislated and that could be improved. When comparing the effectiveness of a PPDA implementaed between the years 2014 to 2020 with variations in public perception, it was found that the PPDA do not tend to respond satisfactorily to the concerns of the citizens....
¿Cómo se forma la identidad étnica?. Variables que explican el desarrollo de la identidad étnica de los mapuches en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
teórica y práctica, mediante el análisis de dos encuestas en las que se recogieron las variables necesarias para la población mapuche, a saber, la Encuesta CEP Mapuche (2006) y la Encuesta de Relaciones Interculturales del PNUD (2012).
La variable...