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Personas mayores ante la muerte: Narrativas en torno a la muerte y el morir en la vejez
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
Chile es uno de los países de Latinoamérica que más ha envejecido durante las últimas décadas. En ese contexto, se vuelve relevante conocer la experiencia del envejecimiento desde el punto de vista de las personas mayores, quienes experimentan una...
Trabajo, Envejecimiento y Exclusión
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
Envejecimiento y morfología mitocondrial en fibras musculares esqueléticas
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
Introducción: Uno de los cambios que ocurren durante el envejecimiento es la
pérdida de la masa muscular, proceso denominado sarcopenia. Esta disminución
genera en el individuo una alteración en sus capacidades físicas, lo que finalmente
va a...
Introduction: One of the changes that occur during aging is loss of muscle mass, a process called sarcopenia. This decrease generates an alteration in the physical capacities of the individual, which ultimately will affect their quality of life. At the cellular level, some of the changes that occur in skeletal muscle during the aging process include lipid accumulation, misfolding of structural and contractile proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this context, although the role of mitochondrial metabolism in muscle function and development of various diseases has been described, the role of mitochondrial morphology in muscle aging process has been little studied. Materials and Methods: We characterize the physical parameters and performed muscle function tests to male C57BL/6 mice of 2-3 months, 6-9 months, 10-14 months and over 16 months old. FDB muscle of mice in the different groups were then electroporated with Mt-DsRed plasmid. After, the FDB muscle fibers were isolated and live-cell images were obtained by confocal microscopy. Thereafter analysis determining the morphology and the orientation of the mitochondrial network was performed using the NIH Image J. software. Finally, mRNA levels of Mfn-1, Mfn-2, Opa-1, Drp-1 and Fis -1 were measured by real-time PCR and levels of these proteins were determined by Western blotting. Results: During aging an increase in body weight and epididymal fat of these animals were observed. However, a significant increase in muscle mass is only observed in the group of 6-9 months. On the other hand, we determined that there is a decrease in muscle strength that starts in the group of 10-14 months, similarly, the decrease in physical endurance of animals begins in the same group. Furthermore, we determined that the morphology of the mitochondrial network is constantly changing during aging going from a more fragmented in the group of 6-9 months state, towards a more interconnected state in the group of 10-14 months and finally to a fragmented phenotype in the group of more than 16 months. Moreover, we note that this interconnected mitochondrial network is related to a change in the orientation of the mitochondrial network. Thus, all this changes were related to levels of mRNA Mfn-1, while only partially related to levels of mRNA Mfn-2, Opa-1, Fis-1 and Drp-1. Finally, no differences were observed during aging at levels of Mfn-2, Opa-1 and Fis-1 proteins, however, the changes observed in the morphology of the mitochondrial network if they were related to levels Drp -1 in both the 6-9 months in the group of 10-14 months. Conclusion: These results indicate that changes in the morphology of the mitochondrial network in skeletal muscle during aging are not a linear process as has been proposed by some authors but will depend specifically on the age of the animals being tested. Moreover, we note that changes in the morphology of the mitochondrial network to a more interconnected state could be related to a change in the orientation of the mitochondrial network....
Introduction: One of the changes that occur during aging is loss of muscle mass, a process called sarcopenia. This decrease generates an alteration in the physical capacities of the individual, which ultimately will affect their quality of life. At the cellular level, some of the changes that occur in skeletal muscle during the aging process include lipid accumulation, misfolding of structural and contractile proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this context, although the role of mitochondrial metabolism in muscle function and development of various diseases has been described, the role of mitochondrial morphology in muscle aging process has been little studied. Materials and Methods: We characterize the physical parameters and performed muscle function tests to male C57BL/6 mice of 2-3 months, 6-9 months, 10-14 months and over 16 months old. FDB muscle of mice in the different groups were then electroporated with Mt-DsRed plasmid. After, the FDB muscle fibers were isolated and live-cell images were obtained by confocal microscopy. Thereafter analysis determining the morphology and the orientation of the mitochondrial network was performed using the NIH Image J. software. Finally, mRNA levels of Mfn-1, Mfn-2, Opa-1, Drp-1 and Fis -1 were measured by real-time PCR and levels of these proteins were determined by Western blotting. Results: During aging an increase in body weight and epididymal fat of these animals were observed. However, a significant increase in muscle mass is only observed in the group of 6-9 months. On the other hand, we determined that there is a decrease in muscle strength that starts in the group of 10-14 months, similarly, the decrease in physical endurance of animals begins in the same group. Furthermore, we determined that the morphology of the mitochondrial network is constantly changing during aging going from a more fragmented in the group of 6-9 months state, towards a more interconnected state in the group of 10-14 months and finally to a fragmented phenotype in the group of more than 16 months. Moreover, we note that this interconnected mitochondrial network is related to a change in the orientation of the mitochondrial network. Thus, all this changes were related to levels of mRNA Mfn-1, while only partially related to levels of mRNA Mfn-2, Opa-1, Fis-1 and Drp-1. Finally, no differences were observed during aging at levels of Mfn-2, Opa-1 and Fis-1 proteins, however, the changes observed in the morphology of the mitochondrial network if they were related to levels Drp -1 in both the 6-9 months in the group of 10-14 months. Conclusion: These results indicate that changes in the morphology of the mitochondrial network in skeletal muscle during aging are not a linear process as has been proposed by some authors but will depend specifically on the age of the animals being tested. Moreover, we note that changes in the morphology of the mitochondrial network to a more interconnected state could be related to a change in the orientation of the mitochondrial network....
¿Te has tocado el cuerpo con las manos?. Mujeres mayores, cuidados, corporalidades y sexualidad
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
En esta tesis presento una investigación cualitativa acerca de las experiencias, representaciones y prácticas corporales y sexuales de mujeres mayores que residen en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. El envejecimiento es un tema social que gana...
Monografía: etiopatogenia del síndrome de disfunción cognitiva canina
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
El envejecimiento cerebral y los trastornos neurodegenerativos en perros, generan cambios en la función cognitiva afectando al aprendizaje y la memoria. Es por ello que, el objetivo principal de esta monografía es la descripción actualizada del...
Brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders in dogs generate changes in cognitive function, affecting learning and memory. Thus, the main objective of this monograph was to provide an updated description of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) considering the relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD), in human, its diagnosis and treatment. Al total of 80 publications were collected, of which, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established to meet the objectives of this monograph, 61 of these were extensively analyzed and studied, of which 57 were scientific articles, 2 veterinary medicine books, 1 thesis and 1 online resource In relation to what has been analyzed and discussed, it can be concluded that I). The etiopathogenesis is consistent among all the authors, being a set of neurological and behavioral alterations those that form the SDCC. II) According to the relationship with AD, it can be deduced that the canine model is essential for the study of degenerative processes since it is described as another manifestation of the same disease. III) For an adequate diagnosis, normal aging must be differentiated from pathological, and the use of surveys to tutors can be a useful and low-cost alternative for a better diagnostic approach. IV) The treatment is palliative and seeks to improve the quality of life of patients with CCDS, which is why prevention is essential, however, there is not much scientific evidence on effective preventive methods for CCDS....
Brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders in dogs generate changes in cognitive function, affecting learning and memory. Thus, the main objective of this monograph was to provide an updated description of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) considering the relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD), in human, its diagnosis and treatment. Al total of 80 publications were collected, of which, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established to meet the objectives of this monograph, 61 of these were extensively analyzed and studied, of which 57 were scientific articles, 2 veterinary medicine books, 1 thesis and 1 online resource In relation to what has been analyzed and discussed, it can be concluded that I). The etiopathogenesis is consistent among all the authors, being a set of neurological and behavioral alterations those that form the SDCC. II) According to the relationship with AD, it can be deduced that the canine model is essential for the study of degenerative processes since it is described as another manifestation of the same disease. III) For an adequate diagnosis, normal aging must be differentiated from pathological, and the use of surveys to tutors can be a useful and low-cost alternative for a better diagnostic approach. IV) The treatment is palliative and seeks to improve the quality of life of patients with CCDS, which is why prevention is essential, however, there is not much scientific evidence on effective preventive methods for CCDS....
Inclusión/exclusión autorreferida de las personas mayores en su relación con el entorno físico urbano
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
El factor de crecimiento neuronal favorece el envejecimiento ovárico
(Universidad de ChileCyberDocs, 2009)
hormonales y/o ambientales, se generan características similares a las descritas en el envejecimiento ovárico. Además, PCO en ratas es acompañado de un aumento en la activación noradrenérgica ovárica, la cual es gatillada por un aumento previo en la...
Woman has delayed their motherhood still after 30 years old because of social demand, but ovarian follicle numbers and quality decreases with age, progressively decreasing the fertility with age. Furthermore, it has been described that ovaries from women during the pre- and/or post-menopausal period show a follicular development similar to polycystic ovary (PCO) in fertile women. It has been also found that the ovary of women with PCO (between 18 and 44 years old) or during postmenopausal period (between 51 and 94 years old) shows increased nerves fibers in contrast with the ovary of normal women. In the murine model, the ovary of ageing rat is characterized by increased concentration of noradrenaline (NA) and elevated number of type III follicles (FTIII) and cysts in the ovary. As a consequence, it decreased the number of corpus luteum (CL), the ovulation rate, pregnancy and the number of live pups. PCO in rat, either induced by hormonal and/or environmental stimulus, presents similar characteristics as most of ovarian ageing. In addition PCO in rats is accompanied by an increase in the activity of sympathetic nerves induced by a previous increase in the intraovarian levels of NGF (nerve growth factor) and its receptor p75NTR. Moreover, local increase of NGF by injection of overproducing cells in the ovaries of young rats induces an elevated number of FTIII and pre-cysts. Therefore, now we propose that NGF, during the subfertile period, could act either as a neurotrophic factor or as a growth factor to accelerate the ovarian ageing being a principal component to control the end of reproductive period in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats 6, 8 and 10 months old (before at the end of the reproductive period) were used. We administered NGF during 28 days trough an osmotic mini-pumps, connected to the ovary by a sylastic cannula. During the procedure the estrual cycling activity was followed by vaginal smear. Rats were euthanized and the ovarian concentration of NGF was determined by ELISA, NA was determined by HPLC, the concentration of steroid hormones in serum by EIA and the morphological analysis of the ovary was done in 6 um slices stained with hematoxylineosin measured. The major effects of NGF occurred in the 10 months old rats, at this age we observe an increase in the concentration of NA and in the number of FTIII. As we can expect, the number of CL and the ovulation rate were decreased. In the NGF treatment at 6 and 8 months old there were no important changes. However, we observed the appearance of some ovarian ageing characteristics such as an increase in the concentration of NA, decrease of follicular population and an elevate number of FTIII (it was observed at 8 month old, as we can expect if the ageing is accelerated). In the steroidogenic function, we observe in all treatments the normal ageing-hormonal profile. These results suggest that the intraovarian excess of NGF accelerate the ageing ovarian, maybe increasing the rises of the typical characteristic at the end of the reproductive period...
Woman has delayed their motherhood still after 30 years old because of social demand, but ovarian follicle numbers and quality decreases with age, progressively decreasing the fertility with age. Furthermore, it has been described that ovaries from women during the pre- and/or post-menopausal period show a follicular development similar to polycystic ovary (PCO) in fertile women. It has been also found that the ovary of women with PCO (between 18 and 44 years old) or during postmenopausal period (between 51 and 94 years old) shows increased nerves fibers in contrast with the ovary of normal women. In the murine model, the ovary of ageing rat is characterized by increased concentration of noradrenaline (NA) and elevated number of type III follicles (FTIII) and cysts in the ovary. As a consequence, it decreased the number of corpus luteum (CL), the ovulation rate, pregnancy and the number of live pups. PCO in rat, either induced by hormonal and/or environmental stimulus, presents similar characteristics as most of ovarian ageing. In addition PCO in rats is accompanied by an increase in the activity of sympathetic nerves induced by a previous increase in the intraovarian levels of NGF (nerve growth factor) and its receptor p75NTR. Moreover, local increase of NGF by injection of overproducing cells in the ovaries of young rats induces an elevated number of FTIII and pre-cysts. Therefore, now we propose that NGF, during the subfertile period, could act either as a neurotrophic factor or as a growth factor to accelerate the ovarian ageing being a principal component to control the end of reproductive period in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats 6, 8 and 10 months old (before at the end of the reproductive period) were used. We administered NGF during 28 days trough an osmotic mini-pumps, connected to the ovary by a sylastic cannula. During the procedure the estrual cycling activity was followed by vaginal smear. Rats were euthanized and the ovarian concentration of NGF was determined by ELISA, NA was determined by HPLC, the concentration of steroid hormones in serum by EIA and the morphological analysis of the ovary was done in 6 um slices stained with hematoxylineosin measured. The major effects of NGF occurred in the 10 months old rats, at this age we observe an increase in the concentration of NA and in the number of FTIII. As we can expect, the number of CL and the ovulation rate were decreased. In the NGF treatment at 6 and 8 months old there were no important changes. However, we observed the appearance of some ovarian ageing characteristics such as an increase in the concentration of NA, decrease of follicular population and an elevate number of FTIII (it was observed at 8 month old, as we can expect if the ageing is accelerated). In the steroidogenic function, we observe in all treatments the normal ageing-hormonal profile. These results suggest that the intraovarian excess of NGF accelerate the ageing ovarian, maybe increasing the rises of the typical characteristic at the end of the reproductive period...
Centro habitacional asistencial para el envejecimiento activo — Matta Poniente Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)