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“Tributación del Deporte y sus contingencias" : "Caso específico Fútbol" (Deportistas, SADP, Asociaciones deportivas, ANFP)
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
Renta amparado en la última Reforma del 2020.
Nuestro objetivo será determinar el grado de cumplimiento Tributario de estas
Instituciones....
Esta tesis abordará la tributación de los futbolistas profesionales en nuestro país, determinará qué tipo de contribuyentes son, como deben tributar, que tipo de vínculo contractual es el que los une a sus clubes, mostrará además como ha sido el...
Esta tesis abordará la tributación de los futbolistas profesionales en nuestro país, determinará qué tipo de contribuyentes son, como deben tributar, que tipo de vínculo contractual es el que los une a sus clubes, mostrará además como ha sido el...
Alegoría de la nación quebrada: memoria emergente y narrativa testimonial en Una casa vacía de Carlos Cerda
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
El recordar, el ejercicio dinámico de la memoria, es un proceso que une al menos dos temporalidades: un pasado y un presente, y el cuestionamiento que nos surge inmediatamente es cómo se relacionan, a través de qué medios, y con qué fin. Sin embargo...
Plan de negocios para la comercialización de expediciones de liderazgo ("Leadership Ventures"), de Vertical S.A. en Escuelas de Negocios Norteamericanas
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
, la principal ventaja competitiva de Vertical S.A radica en el amplio conocimiento que tiene de los destinos ofrecidos y en la experiencia que ha alcanzado por más de 8 años como socio estratégico de la Escuela de Negocios Wharton. Se une a lo...
Identificación de los determinantes moleculares claves para la función de Bcl-2 en la membrana mitocondrial externa
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
domino BH3 en la
funci6n de Bcl-2, para lo cual se utilizo el inhibidor estructural, antimicina A3.
Este compuesto, se une al bolsillo hidrofobico de Bcl-2, bloqueando el sitio de
interacci6n con otras proteínas. Para explorar la participación del extremo...
El periodismo de investigación en el conflicto árabe - israelí. Análisis de reportajes de los diarios Le Monde Diplomatique y El Mercurio
(Universidad de Chile, 1999)
....... ;......................................... 36
5. Citas Bibliográficas.......................................... 45
6. Bibliografía.................................................. 49
7. Anexos.
CAPITULO 1
INTRODUCCION
La presente memoria constituye un análisis y una aplicación
de los...
principios del periodismo de investigación en la elaboración de una tipología para demostrar que, en lo referente a las relaciones internacionales, en el diario Le Monde Diplomatique existe un alto desarrollo del periodismo investigativo. Por el contrario...
principios del periodismo de investigación en la elaboración de una tipología para demostrar que, en lo referente a las relaciones internacionales, en el diario Le Monde Diplomatique existe un alto desarrollo del periodismo investigativo. Por el contrario...
Plan de Negocios para una Empresa de Gestión Deportiva
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
muestran que el 64%, de quienes respondieron apropiadamente la encuesta, está dispuesto a participar en los torneos, lo que es un resultado positivo ya que estaría indicando un elevado grado de interés en participar en este tipo de torneos.
A pesar del...
Rol de las proteínas celulares PTB1, Nucleolina y hnRNPU en el inicio de la traducción de mRNAs retrovirales mediado por IRESs
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
región 5´UTR de MMTV
posee sitios putativos de unión para la proteína PTB1. Posteriormente y a través de
ensayos funcionales determinamos que la proteína PTB1 se une in vitro e in vivo a la
región 5´UTR y actúa como un factor trans-activador del...
The genomics RNA (gRNAs) of HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV coding for the Gag and Gag-pol structural proteins, can start their translation process using a mechanism dependent on the 5'cap structure (m7GpppN) or through the use of internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). The gRNAs of HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV have an IRES element in their 5´UTR region and it has been proposed that when the cap-dependent translation initiation is inhibited, for example, during the progression of the viral replicative cycle, the translation initiation changes from cap -dependent on an IRES-dependent mechanism. This strategy would allow to ensure the synthesis of the Gag structural protein throughout the replicative cycle. At present times, the molecular mechanisms that allow the IRESs to recruit the translational machinery are still unknown, however, it has been suggested that the activity of the IRES element depends on the cellular background and requires the participation of cellular proteins called IRES trans-acting factors (ITAF) that can act by modulating the IRES dependent translation initiation. Comparative studies of the retroviral IRESs of HIV 1, HTLV-1 and MMTV have established that their activity and mechanism of recruitment of the translational machinery varies according to the cellular context in which they are located. Moreover, several studies suggest that recognition of HIV-1 gRNA by the translational machinery requires the trafficking of the gRNAs from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm. From a biological point of view this phenomenon can be contextualized considering that unlike other RNA viruses that have IRESs as would be the case of the picornaviruses, whose replicative cycle is confined to the cell cytoplasm, retroviruses perform a replicative cycle that takes place between the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell, being the nucleus the place of synthesis of the gRNAs. In this way, during the synthesis of retroviral gRNAs, different cellular proteins would interact, directly or indirectly, with the gRNA forming at least one ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) which would participate in the viral gRNA export stage and could subsequently regulate the association of viral gRNA with the translational machinery. Considering this possibility, the objective of this work was to identify at least one cellular protein that forms part of the RNP-complex and that participates in the regulation of IRES dependent mRNA translation initiation of HIV-1, HTLV- 1 and MMTV. Through an in silico analysis, it was determined that the 5'UTR region of MMTV gRNA possesses putative binding sites for the PTB1 protein. Subsequently, and through functional tests, we determined that the PTB1 protein binds in vitro and in vivo to the 5'UTR region and acts as a trans-acting factor for the IRES element. In the search for new ITAFs for retroviral IRES elements, we performed a GRNA assay coupled to a mass spectrometry test. This allowed us to identify different cellular proteins associated with the 5'UTR regions of HIV-1 and HTLV-1, among which nucleolin and hnRNPU proteins were found. The results obtained for nucleolin indicate that silencing the gene expression of the protein does not impact on translation, while an overexpression of the protein only increase the activity of the HTLV-1 IRES. On the other hand, the results obtained with hnRNPU allowed us to determine that the protein binds to the 5'UTR region of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 and acts as a trans-acting factor for the IRES translation initiation on the three retroviral IRES under study. The results obtained in this work allowed us to identify new cellular ITAFs that participate in the IRES translation initiation of HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV...
The genomics RNA (gRNAs) of HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV coding for the Gag and Gag-pol structural proteins, can start their translation process using a mechanism dependent on the 5'cap structure (m7GpppN) or through the use of internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). The gRNAs of HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV have an IRES element in their 5´UTR region and it has been proposed that when the cap-dependent translation initiation is inhibited, for example, during the progression of the viral replicative cycle, the translation initiation changes from cap -dependent on an IRES-dependent mechanism. This strategy would allow to ensure the synthesis of the Gag structural protein throughout the replicative cycle. At present times, the molecular mechanisms that allow the IRESs to recruit the translational machinery are still unknown, however, it has been suggested that the activity of the IRES element depends on the cellular background and requires the participation of cellular proteins called IRES trans-acting factors (ITAF) that can act by modulating the IRES dependent translation initiation. Comparative studies of the retroviral IRESs of HIV 1, HTLV-1 and MMTV have established that their activity and mechanism of recruitment of the translational machinery varies according to the cellular context in which they are located. Moreover, several studies suggest that recognition of HIV-1 gRNA by the translational machinery requires the trafficking of the gRNAs from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm. From a biological point of view this phenomenon can be contextualized considering that unlike other RNA viruses that have IRESs as would be the case of the picornaviruses, whose replicative cycle is confined to the cell cytoplasm, retroviruses perform a replicative cycle that takes place between the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell, being the nucleus the place of synthesis of the gRNAs. In this way, during the synthesis of retroviral gRNAs, different cellular proteins would interact, directly or indirectly, with the gRNA forming at least one ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) which would participate in the viral gRNA export stage and could subsequently regulate the association of viral gRNA with the translational machinery. Considering this possibility, the objective of this work was to identify at least one cellular protein that forms part of the RNP-complex and that participates in the regulation of IRES dependent mRNA translation initiation of HIV-1, HTLV- 1 and MMTV. Through an in silico analysis, it was determined that the 5'UTR region of MMTV gRNA possesses putative binding sites for the PTB1 protein. Subsequently, and through functional tests, we determined that the PTB1 protein binds in vitro and in vivo to the 5'UTR region and acts as a trans-acting factor for the IRES element. In the search for new ITAFs for retroviral IRES elements, we performed a GRNA assay coupled to a mass spectrometry test. This allowed us to identify different cellular proteins associated with the 5'UTR regions of HIV-1 and HTLV-1, among which nucleolin and hnRNPU proteins were found. The results obtained for nucleolin indicate that silencing the gene expression of the protein does not impact on translation, while an overexpression of the protein only increase the activity of the HTLV-1 IRES. On the other hand, the results obtained with hnRNPU allowed us to determine that the protein binds to the 5'UTR region of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 and acts as a trans-acting factor for the IRES translation initiation on the three retroviral IRES under study. The results obtained in this work allowed us to identify new cellular ITAFs that participate in the IRES translation initiation of HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV...
Cultura política en el movimiento estudiantil de la Universidad de Chile (2012-2015)
(Universidad de Chile, 2018-08)
La presente investigación abordó la realidad del movimiento estudiantil de la Universidad de Chile a partir de tres enfoques: a) entenderlo como una comunidad con elementos de subjetividad política común, es decir, con una cultura política propia; b...
Determinación de resistencia temprana de hormigón proyectado: Correlación entre método normado UNE-EN 14488-2 y método alternativo
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
El hormigón proyectado ha demostrado ser una excelente herramienta en el ámbito de la construcción, es por esta razón que ha sido utilizado a lo largo de todo el mundo en diversas obras civiles, especialmente en fortificación de túneles, debido a su...
Concepciones filosóficas de la infancia en la relación pedagógica: Un estudio sobre la filosofía con niñes y sus antecedentes
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
, también es
posible agregarle un tercer elemento que es la Filosofía. En ese sentido una primera razón de
este último elemento es porque la educación es una discusión filosófica en algún grado, así
como lo es la política y la ciencia. ¿Qué es lo que...
educación o si se presenta como una nueva forma de pensar la educación que reconoce el contexto actual. Para tales propósitos, mi metodología consiste en reunir aquí una variedad de autores que a primera vista parecen tan ajenos unes de otres, pero que...
educación o si se presenta como una nueva forma de pensar la educación que reconoce el contexto actual. Para tales propósitos, mi metodología consiste en reunir aquí una variedad de autores que a primera vista parecen tan ajenos unes de otres, pero que...