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Efecto de distintas técnicas de aplicación de Tidiazuron sobre el tamaño de la baya en uva de mesa variedad Thomson Seedless
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
distribuyen en forma segura y precisa. Por otro lado, los costos que conlleva el uso de estos
productos ameritan una mayor preocupación de los diferentes aspectos involucrados en la
aplicación de agroquímicos. Entre los aspectos a considerar para optimizar...
el tamaño de bayas, lo que confirmaría una óptima condición ambiental al momento de aplicación (Apéndice III) como temperatura, viento y humedad relativa del aire, las cuales influyen en el depósito de agroquímicos, siendo mejor con bajas...
el tamaño de bayas, lo que confirmaría una óptima condición ambiental al momento de aplicación (Apéndice III) como temperatura, viento y humedad relativa del aire, las cuales influyen en el depósito de agroquímicos, siendo mejor con bajas...
Efecto in vitro e in vivo de extractos de macrohongos sobre el desarrollo de Botrytis cinerea y Penicillium expansum
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
agroquímicos permitidos en la fruta en los mercados de destino y la acotada cantidad de fungicidas disponibles en el mercado, han llevado a la búsqueda de alternativas a los fungicidas sintéticos, la cual se ha enfocado a productos naturales, amigables con el...
Postharvest rots of table grapes are a constant problem for the industry with Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum as the most important pathogens. Restrictions on the maximum amount of pesticide residues allowed on the fruit, and the limited number of fungicides registered in the markets have prompted the look for alternatives to the traditional chemical fungicides, focusing mainly on natural products environmentally friendly and free from residue restrictions. This study was aimed to evaluate the activity of 15 extracts of mushrooms in the control of both pathogens. The mushrooms were collected from their natural sources, dried, grounded and macerated in ethanol 95%, and the extracts obtained were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Potato dextrose agar media was amended with the ethanol extracts at a rate of 1%, for the in vitro tests with mycelia or conidia of the pathogens. In vivo assays were conducted on Red Globe berries that were surface disinfected with NaOCl (0,5 %) or not disinfected at all. The berries were wound inoculated with a spore suspension of each pathogen 1 or 24 hours after the extracts treatments. The extracts that gave the greatest inhibition of the mycelial growth of B. cinerea were those of Suillus luteus, Agarical sp. and Amanita sp, which gave a 92.9, 71.0 and 69.4 % inhibition, respectively. While the extracts with the higher inhibition of the mycelial growth of P. expansum were those of Agarical sp. and Agaricus arvensis with 35.3 and 34.6 % inhibition, respectively. The extracts with the higher inhibition of the conidia germination were those of Agarical sp. and Macrolepiota rhacodes, for B. cinerea, and Agaricus arvensis and Laetiporus sulphureus for P. expansum. Only the extract of Amanita sp. reduced the rot caused by B. cinerea when applied 24 hours before berry inoculation and the rot caused by P. expansum on berries that were not disinfected....
Postharvest rots of table grapes are a constant problem for the industry with Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum as the most important pathogens. Restrictions on the maximum amount of pesticide residues allowed on the fruit, and the limited number of fungicides registered in the markets have prompted the look for alternatives to the traditional chemical fungicides, focusing mainly on natural products environmentally friendly and free from residue restrictions. This study was aimed to evaluate the activity of 15 extracts of mushrooms in the control of both pathogens. The mushrooms were collected from their natural sources, dried, grounded and macerated in ethanol 95%, and the extracts obtained were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Potato dextrose agar media was amended with the ethanol extracts at a rate of 1%, for the in vitro tests with mycelia or conidia of the pathogens. In vivo assays were conducted on Red Globe berries that were surface disinfected with NaOCl (0,5 %) or not disinfected at all. The berries were wound inoculated with a spore suspension of each pathogen 1 or 24 hours after the extracts treatments. The extracts that gave the greatest inhibition of the mycelial growth of B. cinerea were those of Suillus luteus, Agarical sp. and Amanita sp, which gave a 92.9, 71.0 and 69.4 % inhibition, respectively. While the extracts with the higher inhibition of the mycelial growth of P. expansum were those of Agarical sp. and Agaricus arvensis with 35.3 and 34.6 % inhibition, respectively. The extracts with the higher inhibition of the conidia germination were those of Agarical sp. and Macrolepiota rhacodes, for B. cinerea, and Agaricus arvensis and Laetiporus sulphureus for P. expansum. Only the extract of Amanita sp. reduced the rot caused by B. cinerea when applied 24 hours before berry inoculation and the rot caused by P. expansum on berries that were not disinfected....
Propuesta de método de descontaminación de envases que contuvieron plaguicidas a base de fosfuros metálicos para ser integrados a un programa de manejo
(Universidad de Chile, 2018-12)
El uso de agroquímicos ha sido importante a través de los años debido a las
necesidades de la industria agrícola para controlar los problemas de tipo fitosanitarios
(El Vergel, 2012). Debido a esto, han surgido una gran cantidad de sustancias...
planteó planes de manejo para envases vacíos de agroquímicos a nivel mundial (FAO, 2008). Estos planes consideran técnicas de lavado, las cuales descontaminan los envases, eliminando los restos del plaguicida que contuvo (Allevato, 2001). En la tabla 1...
planteó planes de manejo para envases vacíos de agroquímicos a nivel mundial (FAO, 2008). Estos planes consideran técnicas de lavado, las cuales descontaminan los envases, eliminando los restos del plaguicida que contuvo (Allevato, 2001). En la tabla 1...
Propuesta de desarrollo de medidas para la implementación de un plan de seguridad y salud ocupacional en una empresa química: un caso de estudio con enfoque químico ambiental
(Universidad de Chile, 2018-08)
El presente seminario de título se desarrolló en una empresa dedicada a la importación, exportación, fabricación y almacenaje, de productos agroquímicos. Orientada a entregar soluciones efectivas y rentables para la protección de los cultivos, por...
The following seminar was developed in a company dedicated to the import, export, manufacturing and storage of agricultural chemicals. This company focuses on giving effective and profitable solutions in terms of the protection of agricultural chemicals crop. The productive chain includes the manufacturing of different chemicals for agricultural use from phytosanitaries (pesticides) to chemicals that improve the growth and productiveness of plants (fertilizers). These chemicals are nationally and internationally distributed by the company. The industrial security of the companies is a multidisciplinary area responsible of minimizing the industry risks. The industrial activity needs an appropriate management since it implies inherent danger. In consequence, a risk matrix and an occupational health and security plan were made, according to the company needs which was important and indispensable for the company. The purpose of this project was to develop measurements for the implementation of a security plan and occupational health in a chemical company. The plan covered all personnel of the company including the administrative personnel and the staff employee. All workers were evaluated in terms of health and also their workstation and the risks, physical or due to the exposition to a chemical agent, they might be exposed to. In addition, every product was checked and classified based on the official Chilean regulation NCh382.Of2017. After the review of Sistema de Declaración de Residuos Peligrosos (SIDREP) and Sistema Nacional de Declaración de Residuos (SINADER), the quantity of hazardous xii waste, in tons, and non-hazardous waste produced by the company were determined to evaluate their management. On the other hand, the Ministry of Health (MINSAL, Ministerio de Salud) and Chilean Security Association (ACHS, Asociación Chilena de Seguridad) protocols, developed for the risk management and the prevention of occupational disease in the company, were checked. The protocols that is important to apply, were identified since it is indispensable and directly influences the company and need to be according to the ministry regulatory. Finally, for the development of the matrix, all kind of risks in the company were evaluated, registered with the risks previously compiled in the internal regulatory policy of health and security and the probability of risk (low, medium or high) was stablished. The consequence of risk (slightly harmful, harmful and extremely harmful). The results obtained in the risk matrix allowed us to assess the level of risk present in the company (trivial, tolerable, moderate, important or intolerable), which forms the basis for deciding whether to improve existing controls or implement new ones. As a result of the above, a total of 79 trivial risks, 135 tolerable risks, 143 moderate risks and 32 major risks were obtained, evaluating the latter two and delivering the preventive measures for each associated risk....
The following seminar was developed in a company dedicated to the import, export, manufacturing and storage of agricultural chemicals. This company focuses on giving effective and profitable solutions in terms of the protection of agricultural chemicals crop. The productive chain includes the manufacturing of different chemicals for agricultural use from phytosanitaries (pesticides) to chemicals that improve the growth and productiveness of plants (fertilizers). These chemicals are nationally and internationally distributed by the company. The industrial security of the companies is a multidisciplinary area responsible of minimizing the industry risks. The industrial activity needs an appropriate management since it implies inherent danger. In consequence, a risk matrix and an occupational health and security plan were made, according to the company needs which was important and indispensable for the company. The purpose of this project was to develop measurements for the implementation of a security plan and occupational health in a chemical company. The plan covered all personnel of the company including the administrative personnel and the staff employee. All workers were evaluated in terms of health and also their workstation and the risks, physical or due to the exposition to a chemical agent, they might be exposed to. In addition, every product was checked and classified based on the official Chilean regulation NCh382.Of2017. After the review of Sistema de Declaración de Residuos Peligrosos (SIDREP) and Sistema Nacional de Declaración de Residuos (SINADER), the quantity of hazardous xii waste, in tons, and non-hazardous waste produced by the company were determined to evaluate their management. On the other hand, the Ministry of Health (MINSAL, Ministerio de Salud) and Chilean Security Association (ACHS, Asociación Chilena de Seguridad) protocols, developed for the risk management and the prevention of occupational disease in the company, were checked. The protocols that is important to apply, were identified since it is indispensable and directly influences the company and need to be according to the ministry regulatory. Finally, for the development of the matrix, all kind of risks in the company were evaluated, registered with the risks previously compiled in the internal regulatory policy of health and security and the probability of risk (low, medium or high) was stablished. The consequence of risk (slightly harmful, harmful and extremely harmful). The results obtained in the risk matrix allowed us to assess the level of risk present in the company (trivial, tolerable, moderate, important or intolerable), which forms the basis for deciding whether to improve existing controls or implement new ones. As a result of the above, a total of 79 trivial risks, 135 tolerable risks, 143 moderate risks and 32 major risks were obtained, evaluating the latter two and delivering the preventive measures for each associated risk....
Implementación de un sistema de producción integrada en uva de mesa en el Valle de Copiapó
(Universidad de Chile, 2006)
), la producción integrada de uva se define como la producción económica
de uvas de alta calidad, dando prioridad a métodos seguros ecológicamente, minimizando
los efectos secundarios nocivos del uso de agroquímicos de manera de salvaguardar el...
agroquímicos, y permite obtener fruta de calidad similar o superior a la producida bajo un sistema de manejo convencional. Los objetivos de la producción integrada en uva, según la OILB/SROP (1999), son: - Promover una viticultura que respete el...
agroquímicos, y permite obtener fruta de calidad similar o superior a la producida bajo un sistema de manejo convencional. Los objetivos de la producción integrada en uva, según la OILB/SROP (1999), son: - Promover una viticultura que respete el...
Evaluación de frecuencia y dos concentraciones de aplicación de bioestimulante (Biozyme®) en floración de berenjenas (Solanum melongena L.) para reducir los costos del cultivo
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
efectivas para inducir el desarrollo del fruto en ausencia de la
fertilización en muchas especies de cultivos, por ejemplo tomate y berenjena
(Pandolfini, 2009).
Los fitorreguladores constituyen, dentro de los agroquímicos, un grupo de sustancias...
frutos. 6- Margen bruto ($/ha): Se calculó el margen bruto del cultivo, para obtener este valor se consideró el ingreso por venta y los costos directos de producción tales como jornada/hombre (JH), costos de fertilizantes y agroquímicos...
frutos. 6- Margen bruto ($/ha): Se calculó el margen bruto del cultivo, para obtener este valor se consideró el ingreso por venta y los costos directos de producción tales como jornada/hombre (JH), costos de fertilizantes y agroquímicos...
Mercado de fertilizantes foliares en Chile: situación actual y perspectivas
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
$ 49.251.900. El mayor volumen es 1.170.000 L de fosfitos y el mayor monto es US$
7.070.000 en extracto de algas. El monto total aproximado comercializado el año 2012 por
el canal de distribución en agroquímicos incluyendo los fertilizantes foliares...
Efecto de aceite mineral y vegetal en control del pulgón del nogal (Chromaphis juglandicola Kaltenbach) en el nogal
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
apunte a
mercados más desarrollados, las restricciones al uso de agroquímicos y medidas de control
para asegurar un buen uso de ellos van a seguir aumentando (Baeza y Espíndola, 2009).
Debido a las crecientes restricciones del uso de pesticidas en los...
: University of Western. 645 p. Baeza, C. y L. Espíndola. 2009. Restricciones al uso de agroquímicos. Revista Frutícola, 3: 6-7. Buteler, M. and T. A. Stadler, 2011 A review on the mode of action and current use of petroleum distilled spray oils...
: University of Western. 645 p. Baeza, C. y L. Espíndola. 2009. Restricciones al uso de agroquímicos. Revista Frutícola, 3: 6-7. Buteler, M. and T. A. Stadler, 2011 A review on the mode of action and current use of petroleum distilled spray oils...
El suelo : diagnóstico de la situación del recurso
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
.1.7. Contaminación del Suelo por agroquímicos…………………Pag.33
2
2.1.8. Pérdida de la capacidad productiva del Suelo en Chile por
contaminación Minero- Industrial……..……………………………………Pag.36
2.1.9. Extracción de tierra de hojas……………………………………….…….Pag.39
2.1.10. Pérdida...
, faenas de riego y utilización de agroquímicos; o por acciones indirectas, como son las actividades industriales, eliminación de residuos, transporte, etc. En relación con lo anterior, nos encontramos con que los factores socioeconómicos juegan un rol...
, faenas de riego y utilización de agroquímicos; o por acciones indirectas, como son las actividades industriales, eliminación de residuos, transporte, etc. En relación con lo anterior, nos encontramos con que los factores socioeconómicos juegan un rol...
Efecto de aceite mineral y vegetal en control del pulgón del nogal (Chromaphis juglandicola Kaltenbach) en el nogal
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
apunte a
mercados más desarrollados, las restricciones al uso de agroquímicos y medidas de control
para asegurar un buen uso de ellos van a seguir aumentando (Baeza y Espíndola, 2009).
Debido a las crecientes restricciones del uso de pesticidas en los...
: University of Western. 645 p. Baeza, C. y L. Espíndola. 2009. Restricciones al uso de agroquímicos. Revista Frutícola, 3: 6-7. Buteler, M. and T. A. Stadler, 2011 A review on the mode of action and current use of petroleum distilled spray oils...
: University of Western. 645 p. Baeza, C. y L. Espíndola. 2009. Restricciones al uso de agroquímicos. Revista Frutícola, 3: 6-7. Buteler, M. and T. A. Stadler, 2011 A review on the mode of action and current use of petroleum distilled spray oils...