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La esfera doméstica y la alimentación. Construcción de la identidad de género en mujeres populares de Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
revisión crítica de los conceptos que orbitan en torno al imaginario de lo doméstico, mientras que el segundo expone la construcción identitaria de las mujeres populares a partir del análisis de sus prácticas domésticas y alimentarias...
Maternare : acompañamos a las nuevas familias
(Universidad de Chile, 2019-01)
aproximación
no solo profesional, sino además empática, aspecto fundamental para la comodidad,
satisfacción y fidelidad de la cliente.
A diferencia de lo que ocurre en la red de salud pública, en donde las mujeres no sólo
cuentan con programas del tipo “Chile...
crece contigo”, sino que además obtienen apoyos familiares y de su comunidad, las mujeres de clase social acomodada no cuentan con una red de apoyo especializada y formal cuando se convierten en madres. Junto con lo anterior, la atención a este tipo de...
crece contigo”, sino que además obtienen apoyos familiares y de su comunidad, las mujeres de clase social acomodada no cuentan con una red de apoyo especializada y formal cuando se convierten en madres. Junto con lo anterior, la atención a este tipo de...
Evaluación de los niveles plasmáticos de norepinefrina en mujeres embarazadas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico tratadas y no tratadas con metformina : consecuencias a nivel placentario
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
metabólicos favorables. En el año 2005 fue aprobado el uso de metformina en pacientes con SOP embarazadas, ya que en la práctica clínica este fármaco permite mejorar las complicaciones gestacionales propias del SOP. Aunque la fisiopatología del SOP es compleja...
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a familial status, strongly supported by genetic and environmental factors. Biochemically characterized by an altered secretion of gonadotropins, high levels of free androgens, insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low -grade inflammation. Among the pharmacological strategies employed in PCOS stands metformin, sensitizer of insulin action, which is commonly administered to these patients obtaining favorable metabolic results. In 2005 was approved the use of metformin in pregnant patients with PCOS because in clinical practice this drug improves pregnancy complications of PCOS. Although the pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and poorly understood, it has been suggested that women with PCOS have increased sympathetic activity. Models of cystic condition in rats leading hyper activation to peripheral sympathetic neurons innervating the ovary and an increase in the uptake of norepinephrine (NE) therein, which ultimately results in the development and maintenance of a cystic condition that seems reversible if sympathetic activity is attenuated. A study in women with PCOS, to which muscle sympathetic activity of the vascular bed were measured, showed high sympathetic activity positively related to high levels of testosterone. The NE, sympathetic effector, is a potent mediator of physiological and pathophysiological events throughout the organism, so its extracellular concentration is highly regulated, primarily at the level of conveyor plasma membrane and intracellular level in the membrane of storage vesicles. Studies in animals and humans suggest that PCOS is developed in fetal life, therefore, disruptions in the maternal compartment programming to the fetus, via the placenta and fetal adaptation, for developing diseases in adulthood. Evidence indicates that expression of the NE transporter (NET) to placental level is decreased in gestational diseases as preeclampsia, there has been suggested a protective function for NET in placenta. Although women with PCOS are at high risk for preeclampsia, there is no evidence of possible alterations in the expression of this transporter in placenta of women with PCOS. To solve our working hypothesis, we use plasma samples and term placenta of women with PCOS with or without treatment with metformin and control women. In assessing plasma levels of NE we note that at 24 weeks of gestation was a significant increase in the plasma concentration of NE in PCOS women and then decreased significantly at week 35, which could account for deregulation in activity of autonomic nervous system in these patients during pregnancy and compensatory mechanisms against adrenergic hyperactivity. Metformin allowed significantly decrease plasma levels of NE in both 24 and 35 week of gestation. In term placenta of pregnant PCOS women we observed a marked decrease in NET levels in both placental faces and is inversely related to levels of GLUT4. However, metformin restored levels of NET protein reaching even higher levels than control women only in placental maternal face, suggesting that the autonomic nervous activity not only modifies fetal exposure to catecholamines, but the fact to respond to treatment with metformin also suggests that it is related with metabolic disorders associated with this syndrome. On the other hand, we found altered levels of downstream components of the insulin receptor signaling, IRS1 and GLUT4. However, treatment with metformin during pregnancy was able to correct these alterations mainly in the maternal side of the placenta, suggesting that the improvement of hyperinsulinemic state in the mother can partially restore the placental metabolic homeostasis. All of these results shows that women with PCOS have a sympathetic component altered during pregnancy and it is responsible for producing adaptive responses in placental protein NET. Such adaptive response in conjunction with alterations in placental insulin signaling could be responsible for the perpetuation of PCOS phenotype in the offspring of these patients. Furthermore, metformin has proven be a useful pharmacological tool to correct the sympathetic and metabolic alterations at different levels, present in PCOS pregnant woman, appearing as an integrator agent for pathologies involving metabolic, circulatory and neuroendocrine components...
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a familial status, strongly supported by genetic and environmental factors. Biochemically characterized by an altered secretion of gonadotropins, high levels of free androgens, insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low -grade inflammation. Among the pharmacological strategies employed in PCOS stands metformin, sensitizer of insulin action, which is commonly administered to these patients obtaining favorable metabolic results. In 2005 was approved the use of metformin in pregnant patients with PCOS because in clinical practice this drug improves pregnancy complications of PCOS. Although the pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and poorly understood, it has been suggested that women with PCOS have increased sympathetic activity. Models of cystic condition in rats leading hyper activation to peripheral sympathetic neurons innervating the ovary and an increase in the uptake of norepinephrine (NE) therein, which ultimately results in the development and maintenance of a cystic condition that seems reversible if sympathetic activity is attenuated. A study in women with PCOS, to which muscle sympathetic activity of the vascular bed were measured, showed high sympathetic activity positively related to high levels of testosterone. The NE, sympathetic effector, is a potent mediator of physiological and pathophysiological events throughout the organism, so its extracellular concentration is highly regulated, primarily at the level of conveyor plasma membrane and intracellular level in the membrane of storage vesicles. Studies in animals and humans suggest that PCOS is developed in fetal life, therefore, disruptions in the maternal compartment programming to the fetus, via the placenta and fetal adaptation, for developing diseases in adulthood. Evidence indicates that expression of the NE transporter (NET) to placental level is decreased in gestational diseases as preeclampsia, there has been suggested a protective function for NET in placenta. Although women with PCOS are at high risk for preeclampsia, there is no evidence of possible alterations in the expression of this transporter in placenta of women with PCOS. To solve our working hypothesis, we use plasma samples and term placenta of women with PCOS with or without treatment with metformin and control women. In assessing plasma levels of NE we note that at 24 weeks of gestation was a significant increase in the plasma concentration of NE in PCOS women and then decreased significantly at week 35, which could account for deregulation in activity of autonomic nervous system in these patients during pregnancy and compensatory mechanisms against adrenergic hyperactivity. Metformin allowed significantly decrease plasma levels of NE in both 24 and 35 week of gestation. In term placenta of pregnant PCOS women we observed a marked decrease in NET levels in both placental faces and is inversely related to levels of GLUT4. However, metformin restored levels of NET protein reaching even higher levels than control women only in placental maternal face, suggesting that the autonomic nervous activity not only modifies fetal exposure to catecholamines, but the fact to respond to treatment with metformin also suggests that it is related with metabolic disorders associated with this syndrome. On the other hand, we found altered levels of downstream components of the insulin receptor signaling, IRS1 and GLUT4. However, treatment with metformin during pregnancy was able to correct these alterations mainly in the maternal side of the placenta, suggesting that the improvement of hyperinsulinemic state in the mother can partially restore the placental metabolic homeostasis. All of these results shows that women with PCOS have a sympathetic component altered during pregnancy and it is responsible for producing adaptive responses in placental protein NET. Such adaptive response in conjunction with alterations in placental insulin signaling could be responsible for the perpetuation of PCOS phenotype in the offspring of these patients. Furthermore, metformin has proven be a useful pharmacological tool to correct the sympathetic and metabolic alterations at different levels, present in PCOS pregnant woman, appearing as an integrator agent for pathologies involving metabolic, circulatory and neuroendocrine components...
Relación entre adiposidad y densidad mamaria en mujeres pre-menopáusicas chilenas
(Universidad de Chile, 2014-01)
de la Salud y Prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas Asociadas a
la Nutrición
“RELACIÓN ENTRE ADIPOSIDAD Y DENSIDAD MAMARIA EN MUJERES PRE –
MENOPÁUSICAS CHILENAS”
Angelina Medinelli Sanino María Luisa Garmendia Miguel
Estudiante...
que no lo eran. Por otro lado, se observa que todas las mujeres que realizan actividad física se ven beneficiadas con ésta, aunque el efecto es aún más fuerte en las mujeres no caucásicas (40). Respecto al estado nutricional, los estudios epidemiológicos han encontrado una discrepancia en la...
que no lo eran. Por otro lado, se observa que todas las mujeres que realizan actividad física se ven beneficiadas con ésta, aunque el efecto es aún más fuerte en las mujeres no caucásicas (40). Respecto al estado nutricional, los estudios epidemiológicos han encontrado una discrepancia en la...
Contribución de la ferritina de origen animal a la nutrición humana
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
de origen animal compite por la vía de absorción del Fe no-Hem cuando es liberado a nivel duodenal. Sujetos y métodos: 30 mujeres, sanas de entre 35 a 45 años de edad, participaron en 2 protocolos de absorción. En el protocolo A se hizo competir 0...
Narrativas identitarias en mujeres que decidieron asumir un embarazo no planificado. Algunas historias de construcción de la maternidad
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
un conflicto con su embarazo y con asumir su maternidad, quiebra su mandato natural. En un embarazo no planificado, la maternidad de estas mujeres es instalada y el sentido que se le otorgue durante la vivencia de ser madres estará sumido en las...
Efecto de dosis crecientes de zinc sobre la absorción de hierro en leche fortificada con hierro en humanos
(Universidad de Chile, 2011-01)
Introducción: Existe evidencia de que la Leche Purita Fortificada no ha tenido un efecto similar sobre el estado de nutrición de zinc como la observada para hierro, lo cual sugeriría la posibilidad de aumentar la concentración de zinc en la leche...
Marcadores bioquímicos de estrés oxidativo en la preeclamsia de mujeres chilenas
(Universidad de Chile, 2004)
, de eritrocitos y de la placenta y compararlos en mujeres con embarazos normales y con PE al término del embarazo. Se realizó un estudio de tipo retrospectivo seleccionando mujeres embarazadas chilenas controladas en el Departamento de Obstetricia y...
Efecto del cobre sobre la absorción de hierro en humanos
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
combinado con Cu, como sulfato cúprico. Esto en proporciones molares Fe:Cu de 0,5:1; 1:1 ó 2:1 (estudio A) ó en proporciones molares Fe:Cu de 4:1, 6:1 ó 8:1 (estudio B). La administración se hizo como solución acuosa en los días 1, 2, 14 y 15 del estudio. La...
Compromiso neurológico y hematológico por déficit de vitamina B12 en lactante hijo de madre vegetariana. Caso Clínico
(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría, 2014)
alertar sobre la importancia de la sospecha de deficiencia de vitamina B12 en hijos de madres con hábito vegetariano. Caso clínico: Se presenta una lactante de 12 meses, hija de una mujer vegetariana de larga data, que se presenta con compromiso...