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Estudio de la distribución de PCBs en la línea de tratamiento de la biofactoría Mapocho-Trebal de Santiago y sus consecuencias para el reúso de las aguas tratadas
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
cáncer y afecciones en sistemas orgánicos. Pueden llegar hasta las plantas de tratamiento de aguas servidas (PTAS) a través del alcantarillado urbano o la deposición atmosférica. Luego, pueden incorporarse a ríos, lagos o al mar, o pasar a ser parte de...
Caracterización de la cuenca del río San José en Arica para la evaluación a nivel de perfil de un sistema de recarga artificial de acuíferos
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
mediante lagunas. Sin embargo, se requiere una importante remoción sedimentos para evitar problemas de colmatación y existe el riesgo de contaminar el acuífero con arsénico por sus elevadas concentraciones en el agua superficial. Las aguas residuales...
Parque Depuración de las Aguas : recuperación del paisaje del agua en Peñaflor
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
respuesta a la contaminación de las aguas que actualmente son vertidas sobre el río Mapocho sin tratamiento previo. La propuesta surge a partir de la necesidad de replantear la relación entre localidades periurbanas con el río Mapocho. Donde las acciones...
Microextracción de hormonas desde aguas residuales utilizando corcho laminar como fase sorbente y su determinación por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales en Santiago de Chile iban desde <LOD a 48 ngL-1...
Substances in the environment that are not regulated but have the potential to cause damage to health or the environment even in very low concentrations, have been called emerging pollutants. Some of these substances have been classified as endocrine disruptors (EDCs) that are agents that interfere with the production, release, transport, metabolism, action, or elimination of the body's natural hormones. EDCs can be grouped according to their origin: natural (estrogens and androgens), semi-synthetic (contraceptives) and synthetic (xenoestrogens). This group of pollutants is derived mainly from products used in large quantities in everyday life and that is why, there is great concern about them due to the potential to carry an ecological impact and adverse health effects, at extremely high concentrations. Low (ng L-1). Among the best-known EDCs, we have the natural estrogenic hormones: estrone (E1) Estradiol (E2); estriol (E3) secreted by humans and animals and the synthetic hormone for contraceptive use, 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), which has the highest degree of estrogenic activity. These compounds are not completely eliminated from the treatment plants, even at low concentrations, they are persistent over time to this the complexity of the environmental matrices in which they are found is added, which makes it necessary to implement a high sensitivity analytical method and selectivity that allows them to be separated from the matrix and concentrated. In this study, cork was introduced into the practice of Eco-efficient Analytical Chemistry, the cork as a removable renewable phase (green) for the microextraction of low polarity compounds. Through the microextraction by rotary disk sorption (RSDE) and the adhesion of a sheet Cork as phase were used for the extraction and subsequent measurement and quantification of these hormones by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from sewage samples. The RDSE was selected as a versatile and eco-efficient economic technique (green chemistry) while the GC-MS offers good sensitivity and low detection limits for complex sample research. The analytes are retained and pre-concentrated in a laminar phase of cork, which is immobilized on the surface of a flat Teflon disk. The optimal extraction conditions were a 2000 rpm agitation for a time of 45 min and a sample volume of 20 mL A preconditioning of the sorbent phase (cork) was carried out at 2000 rpm with volumes of 10 mL of methanol and finally water for 5 min for each solvent used. The desorption of the compounds was carried out in 1 stage of 15 minutes with 5 mL of methanol, then the extract was evaporated with nitrogen until dry. To the dry eluate, 50 μL of the N-methyl-N- (trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) derivative and 50 μL of pyridine was added. Subsequently it was subjected to a temperature environment at 80 ° C for 30 minutes. Once the derivatization was completed, 20 μL of 3, 3 ', 4, 4’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77, internal standard) was added and finally 2 μL was injected into the GC-MS. In addition, in part the process incorporated a “Surrogate” standard ((20, 21) -13C2-EE2). The analytical characteristics of the method developed could determine that the 4 estrogenic compounds have an R2 greater than 0.99. Absolute recoveries were greater than 63% and the accuracy expressed as relative standard deviation varied between 3 to 19%. The ranges of LOD and LOQ were 3 - 19 and 10 - 62 ngL-1, respectively. This proposed method was applied to the analysis of wastewater and the concentration of hormones in a wastewater treatment plant in Santiago de Chile ranged from <LOD and 48 ngL-1...
Substances in the environment that are not regulated but have the potential to cause damage to health or the environment even in very low concentrations, have been called emerging pollutants. Some of these substances have been classified as endocrine disruptors (EDCs) that are agents that interfere with the production, release, transport, metabolism, action, or elimination of the body's natural hormones. EDCs can be grouped according to their origin: natural (estrogens and androgens), semi-synthetic (contraceptives) and synthetic (xenoestrogens). This group of pollutants is derived mainly from products used in large quantities in everyday life and that is why, there is great concern about them due to the potential to carry an ecological impact and adverse health effects, at extremely high concentrations. Low (ng L-1). Among the best-known EDCs, we have the natural estrogenic hormones: estrone (E1) Estradiol (E2); estriol (E3) secreted by humans and animals and the synthetic hormone for contraceptive use, 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), which has the highest degree of estrogenic activity. These compounds are not completely eliminated from the treatment plants, even at low concentrations, they are persistent over time to this the complexity of the environmental matrices in which they are found is added, which makes it necessary to implement a high sensitivity analytical method and selectivity that allows them to be separated from the matrix and concentrated. In this study, cork was introduced into the practice of Eco-efficient Analytical Chemistry, the cork as a removable renewable phase (green) for the microextraction of low polarity compounds. Through the microextraction by rotary disk sorption (RSDE) and the adhesion of a sheet Cork as phase were used for the extraction and subsequent measurement and quantification of these hormones by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from sewage samples. The RDSE was selected as a versatile and eco-efficient economic technique (green chemistry) while the GC-MS offers good sensitivity and low detection limits for complex sample research. The analytes are retained and pre-concentrated in a laminar phase of cork, which is immobilized on the surface of a flat Teflon disk. The optimal extraction conditions were a 2000 rpm agitation for a time of 45 min and a sample volume of 20 mL A preconditioning of the sorbent phase (cork) was carried out at 2000 rpm with volumes of 10 mL of methanol and finally water for 5 min for each solvent used. The desorption of the compounds was carried out in 1 stage of 15 minutes with 5 mL of methanol, then the extract was evaporated with nitrogen until dry. To the dry eluate, 50 μL of the N-methyl-N- (trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) derivative and 50 μL of pyridine was added. Subsequently it was subjected to a temperature environment at 80 ° C for 30 minutes. Once the derivatization was completed, 20 μL of 3, 3 ', 4, 4’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77, internal standard) was added and finally 2 μL was injected into the GC-MS. In addition, in part the process incorporated a “Surrogate” standard ((20, 21) -13C2-EE2). The analytical characteristics of the method developed could determine that the 4 estrogenic compounds have an R2 greater than 0.99. Absolute recoveries were greater than 63% and the accuracy expressed as relative standard deviation varied between 3 to 19%. The ranges of LOD and LOQ were 3 - 19 and 10 - 62 ngL-1, respectively. This proposed method was applied to the analysis of wastewater and the concentration of hormones in a wastewater treatment plant in Santiago de Chile ranged from <LOD and 48 ngL-1...
Tratamiento de lixiviados de un relleno sanitario: Propuesta y evaluación de un sistema de humedales artificiales
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
Colorados, operado por la empresa KDM Tratamiento en la comuna de Til Til, Región Metropolitana. Este relleno cuenta actualmente con una planta de tratamiento de lixiviados con un sistema biológico, pero el líquido sale contaminado según el D.S. N° 90...
Estudio de prefactibilidad de un reactor anaeróbico de membranas para generación de hidrógeno en riles vitivinícolas - caso Concha y Toro
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
industriales líquidos (RILES) en un año [3]. Las practicas actuales de tratamiento de RILES en Chile hoy no tienen como premisa la sustentabilidad, lo que aleja al país de los objetivos de reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, la revalorización...
Valoración de Empresas Aguas Andinas S.A
(Universidad de Chile, 2018-07)
En el presente estudio se realizará la valorización de empresa de Aguas Andinas S.A. al 30 de septiembre del 2017 por el método de múltiplos. Aguas Andinas S.A. es la empresa sanitaria más grande de Chile, donde abastece a más de siete millones de...
En el presente estudio se realizará la valorización de empresa de Aguas Andinas S.A. al 30 de septiembre del 2017 por el método de flujo de caja. Aguas Andinas S.A. es la empresa sanitaria más grande de Chile, donde abastece a más de siete millones...
En el presente estudio se realizará la valorización de empresa de Aguas Andinas S.A. al 30 de septiembre del 2017 por el método de flujo de caja. Aguas Andinas S.A. es la empresa sanitaria más grande de Chile, donde abastece a más de siete millones...
AES Water
(Universidad de Chile, 2016-12)
las problemáticas corrientes de agua de
alimentación. Los equipos más nuevos de estas plantas requieren agua de muy alta
calidad, lo que significa que es probable que haya una gran demanda de tratamiento de
agua ultra pura.
Se prevé un crecimiento...
.2.1 Consumo proyectado de agua total en la minería del cobre II Región 50 Figura 2.2.2 Plantas desalinizadoras instaladas, ligadas a la minería 51 Figura 2.2.3. Plantas desalinizadoras para agua potable e industrial 52 Figura 3.1.1 CANVAS Mineras 53...
.2.1 Consumo proyectado de agua total en la minería del cobre II Región 50 Figura 2.2.2 Plantas desalinizadoras instaladas, ligadas a la minería 51 Figura 2.2.3. Plantas desalinizadoras para agua potable e industrial 52 Figura 3.1.1 CANVAS Mineras 53...
Ingeniería de detalles sistema de agua potable y aguas servidas de Maitencillo, Comuna de Puchuncaví
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
Esval S.A y va desde la Planta
de Tratamiento de Agua Potable (ó PTAP) Concón hasta La Ligua. Dado que el agua que
se utilizará para distribuir en Maitencillo ya es potable no se requiere de tratamiento.
3
El autor de este documento participó...
Blancas, Los Pinos, Las Conchitas, Los Pocitos, La Caleta, Playa Chica, Playa Chungungo, El Abanico y Playa Grande. En la actualidad la localidad no cuenta con una red de distribución de agua potable, red de recolección ni tratamiento de aguas servidas...
Blancas, Los Pinos, Las Conchitas, Los Pocitos, La Caleta, Playa Chica, Playa Chungungo, El Abanico y Playa Grande. En la actualidad la localidad no cuenta con una red de distribución de agua potable, red de recolección ni tratamiento de aguas servidas...
Evaluación técnico-económica del uso de agua de mar en una planta concentradora
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
concentradoras: agua de mar salada y agua de mar desalinizada. El método más utilizado para la desalinización de agua de mar en el mundo es el proceso de separación por membranas llamado osmosis inversa. Las plantas de tratamiento que utilizan este método son...