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Características socio ambientales de la expansión urbana de las Áreas metropolitanas de Santiago y Valparaíso.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Geografía e Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales., 2009)
sustitución desaprensiva de coberturas naturales por espacios construidos, ha generado una serie de impactos sobre el medio ambiente de la ciudad. Uno de los principales corresponde a los cambios y desequilibrios sobre el clima urbano y la creación de islas y...
Variación de los criterios jurisprudenciales de la acción de protección para impugnar la RCA una vez implementados los tribunales ambientales
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar el impacto que ha tenido en el conocimiento y fallo de la Acción de Protección Ambiental contemplada en el artículo 20 de la Constitución Política de la República de 1980, por parte de las...
El estado chileno y la tecnocratización del medio ambiente: las estrategias discursivas en los acápites medioambientales de los programas de gobierno en Chile postdictadura, 1989-2013
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
Analizar las estrategias discursivas y las racionalidades de Estado sobre Medio Ambiente, a partir de los programas de gobierno chileno postdictadura, desde el año 1989 al 2013, fue el principal objetivo de esta investigación. La metodología es...
Efectos del proceso de urbanización sobre la calidad ambiental de los humedales del Area Metropolitrana de Concepción.
(Santiago de Chile; Sociedad Chilena de Ciencias Geográficas., 2008)
significado la pérdida y reducción de importantes funciones ambientales, afectando sus componentes bióticos, hidrológicos, climáticos, entre otros. Las áreas de Alta Calidad Ambiental localizadas al interior y alrededor de los humedales han sufrido a partir...
Contaminación atmosférica, efectos adversos al nacer e impacto de posibles medidas de mitigación: el caso de Temuco y Padre Las Casas, Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
.3.1 Artículo 2 sobre posibles efectos para la salud perinatal asociados a la
reducción de contaminación atmosférica ................................................... 111
9 Discusión...
sobre los efectos reproductivos de la contaminación atmosférica proviene de contextos en los cuales existe una mezcla de contaminantes provenientes de una variedad de fuentes tales como el tráfico vehicular o fuentes industriales. En el caso de las...
sobre los efectos reproductivos de la contaminación atmosférica proviene de contextos en los cuales existe una mezcla de contaminantes provenientes de una variedad de fuentes tales como el tráfico vehicular o fuentes industriales. En el caso de las...
Modelación de la dispersión del monóxido de carbono y el material particulado emitido por el tráfico vehicular: caso de Valdivia
(2021)
La contaminación atmosférica urbana provocada por el tráfico vehicular causa efectos nocivos sobre la salud poblacional. Por lo tanto, la implementación de herramientas que permitan cuantificar la contaminación vehicular permite desarrollar...
Urban air pollution caused by vehicular traffic causes harmful effects on population health. Therefore, the implementation of tools that allow quantifying vehicular pollution allows the development of solutions that aim to efficiently and effectively control and prevent pollution in urban areas. In Chile, road and transportation management projects incorporate environmental externalities generated through the use of pollutant dispersion models. However, the model currently used at the national level (CAMx) is inefficient at scales smaller than 1-2 km, so the application and evaluation of alternative vehicle pollutant dispersion models that seek to reproduce the temporal and spatial variability of pollution emitted by urban-scale traffic acquires relevance, especially at short distances from traffic lanes. The methodological design of this research aims to evaluate the use of the Gaussian dispersion model AERMOD to simulate the temporal variability of PM2.5, PM10 and CO emitted by vehicular traffic during 2019 in the city of Valdivia, Chile. The process of configuration and simulation of the dynamics of the PM2.5, PM10 and CO was carried out with AERMOD. The input meteorological information used for the modeling was simulated by combining WRF-MMIF and empirical data from the Valdivia I monitoring station. The reference of fine and coarse particulate matter associated with vehicular pollution was estimated by combining two methods. estimation of pollutants based on empirical information. And, the evaluation of the performance of the model was carried out by means of visualization tools and statistical analysis of data in programming language R. The results of the model evaluation indicate that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 Exhaust simulated by AERMOD underestimated the reference concentrations according to the achieved values of mean bias (MB) obtained in all the temporal resolution scenarios analyzed (MB> 0 ) and the qualitative analysis carried out; However, in the evaluation scenario that considers a weekly temporal resolution, these pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5) presented high correlation values of pearson and factor of two (r-pearson> 0.45 and Fac2> 0.50, respectively ). We believe that the deficient results in the hourly and daily resolutions of the aforementioned pollutants are mainly due to biases in the temporal profile provided by the vehicle emissions inventory proposed by MODEM, which makes results at a daily and hourly level governed by these temporal profiles show a lower prediction performance than the results at the weekly level. On the other hand, in the case of CO, PM10 Non-Exhaust and PM2,5 Non-Exhaust, the quantitative and qualitative analysis indicates that AERMOD does not reproduce well the temporal variability of these pollutants in any case. By way of conclusion, we found that AERMOD acceptable performance levels only for total respirable particulate matter and fine exhaust contamination averaged over a weekly temporal resolution, however, we also found that the reference concentration estimation methodology presents a high degree of uncertainty, so the evaluation of the model carried out is questionable and it is not possible to conclude deterministically on the poor performance of AERMOD to model pollutants emitted by traffic. In addition, given the good meteorological performance of WRF for Valdivia, it is concluded that the results of the performance of AERMOD are mainly influenced by the uncertainty associated with emissions and the formulation of the model....
Urban air pollution caused by vehicular traffic causes harmful effects on population health. Therefore, the implementation of tools that allow quantifying vehicular pollution allows the development of solutions that aim to efficiently and effectively control and prevent pollution in urban areas. In Chile, road and transportation management projects incorporate environmental externalities generated through the use of pollutant dispersion models. However, the model currently used at the national level (CAMx) is inefficient at scales smaller than 1-2 km, so the application and evaluation of alternative vehicle pollutant dispersion models that seek to reproduce the temporal and spatial variability of pollution emitted by urban-scale traffic acquires relevance, especially at short distances from traffic lanes. The methodological design of this research aims to evaluate the use of the Gaussian dispersion model AERMOD to simulate the temporal variability of PM2.5, PM10 and CO emitted by vehicular traffic during 2019 in the city of Valdivia, Chile. The process of configuration and simulation of the dynamics of the PM2.5, PM10 and CO was carried out with AERMOD. The input meteorological information used for the modeling was simulated by combining WRF-MMIF and empirical data from the Valdivia I monitoring station. The reference of fine and coarse particulate matter associated with vehicular pollution was estimated by combining two methods. estimation of pollutants based on empirical information. And, the evaluation of the performance of the model was carried out by means of visualization tools and statistical analysis of data in programming language R. The results of the model evaluation indicate that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 Exhaust simulated by AERMOD underestimated the reference concentrations according to the achieved values of mean bias (MB) obtained in all the temporal resolution scenarios analyzed (MB> 0 ) and the qualitative analysis carried out; However, in the evaluation scenario that considers a weekly temporal resolution, these pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5) presented high correlation values of pearson and factor of two (r-pearson> 0.45 and Fac2> 0.50, respectively ). We believe that the deficient results in the hourly and daily resolutions of the aforementioned pollutants are mainly due to biases in the temporal profile provided by the vehicle emissions inventory proposed by MODEM, which makes results at a daily and hourly level governed by these temporal profiles show a lower prediction performance than the results at the weekly level. On the other hand, in the case of CO, PM10 Non-Exhaust and PM2,5 Non-Exhaust, the quantitative and qualitative analysis indicates that AERMOD does not reproduce well the temporal variability of these pollutants in any case. By way of conclusion, we found that AERMOD acceptable performance levels only for total respirable particulate matter and fine exhaust contamination averaged over a weekly temporal resolution, however, we also found that the reference concentration estimation methodology presents a high degree of uncertainty, so the evaluation of the model carried out is questionable and it is not possible to conclude deterministically on the poor performance of AERMOD to model pollutants emitted by traffic. In addition, given the good meteorological performance of WRF for Valdivia, it is concluded that the results of the performance of AERMOD are mainly influenced by the uncertainty associated with emissions and the formulation of the model....
El razonamiento judicial en torno a la significancia como parámetro de configuración del daño ambiental
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
teóricos: justificación, objetivos, problemas, hipótesis, marco teórico y método
de la investigación…………………………………………………………………..…...…..3
b. La responsabilidad ambiental, medio ambiente, daño ambiental y
contaminación…………………………………………………………………………...…..7...
sobre significancia y la utilización de criterios propios de la Corte Suprema sobre lo mismo. Por su parte, los problemas que guiaron la investigación, redactados en forma de preguntas son los siguientes: ¿Cuál es la naturaleza del daño ambiental en...
sobre significancia y la utilización de criterios propios de la Corte Suprema sobre lo mismo. Por su parte, los problemas que guiaron la investigación, redactados en forma de preguntas son los siguientes: ¿Cuál es la naturaleza del daño ambiental en...
¿Las preferencias ciudadanas influyen en poca presencia de especies nativas? : valoración sociocultural de la vegetación urbana en el Área Metropolitana de Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
relacionan este tipo de vegetación con un bajo valor estético y poca funcionalidad. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación se centra en la valoración sociocultural de la vegetación urbana para comprender sobre qué aspectos se componen dichos valores y...
The vegetation present in squares, parks, public spaces and areas close to cities has a strategic role in allowing the support of ecosystems within urban structures (David, 1997), as well as the development of functions that deliver multiple benefits to the well-being of people, known as Ecosystem Services (Costanza et al., 1997; de Groot et al., 2010). Therefore, conditions such as structure, distribution and composition of the vegetation are decisive when it comes to obtaining benefits from its functions (Hernández & amp; Dobbs, 2015). Taking the previous into consideration, it is identified that in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (AMS), urban vegetation develops specific aesthetic functions regarding ornamental aspects (Irarrázaval, 2012). Moreover, it is composed mainly of exotic species (Figueroa et. al., 2018) and many of them are unsuitable for the place or unsustainable to the local landscape requirements (GORE-RM, 2014). While the native flora has important aspects for its use such as low water consumption, greater adaptability to the local climate, immunity against pests and support for biodiversity (Montenegro et. al., 2016), it is possible to specify the existence of preconceptions that relate this type of vegetation to a low aesthetic value and provide little real function. Therefore, the present research focuses on the sociocultural values of the urban vegetation, in order to understand what aspects this values are composed of and, in addition, inquire about the disposition that exists to incorporate another type of landscaping related to attributes of the native flora, in the benefit of greater compliance with ecosystem functions. Furthermore, to research how the state, through its policies and management, has promoted a change in the traditional image of the urban vegetation, faced with problems such as inequity in the distribution of urban green spaces and resilience to climate change....
The vegetation present in squares, parks, public spaces and areas close to cities has a strategic role in allowing the support of ecosystems within urban structures (David, 1997), as well as the development of functions that deliver multiple benefits to the well-being of people, known as Ecosystem Services (Costanza et al., 1997; de Groot et al., 2010). Therefore, conditions such as structure, distribution and composition of the vegetation are decisive when it comes to obtaining benefits from its functions (Hernández & amp; Dobbs, 2015). Taking the previous into consideration, it is identified that in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (AMS), urban vegetation develops specific aesthetic functions regarding ornamental aspects (Irarrázaval, 2012). Moreover, it is composed mainly of exotic species (Figueroa et. al., 2018) and many of them are unsuitable for the place or unsustainable to the local landscape requirements (GORE-RM, 2014). While the native flora has important aspects for its use such as low water consumption, greater adaptability to the local climate, immunity against pests and support for biodiversity (Montenegro et. al., 2016), it is possible to specify the existence of preconceptions that relate this type of vegetation to a low aesthetic value and provide little real function. Therefore, the present research focuses on the sociocultural values of the urban vegetation, in order to understand what aspects this values are composed of and, in addition, inquire about the disposition that exists to incorporate another type of landscaping related to attributes of the native flora, in the benefit of greater compliance with ecosystem functions. Furthermore, to research how the state, through its policies and management, has promoted a change in the traditional image of the urban vegetation, faced with problems such as inequity in the distribution of urban green spaces and resilience to climate change....
Análisis de los factores sociales y de contaminación actuales que propician los escenarios de riesgo crónico para el sector Cerro Chuño, ciudad de Arica, Región de Arica y Parinacota
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
Los escenarios de riesgo para el sector Cerro Chuño, Arica, se han gestado desde 1984 con el ingreso de 20.000 toneladas de desechos tóxicos aledaños a la población, lo que ha traído consigo a través del tiempo, la contaminación de terrenos, la...
The chronic and latent risk scenarios for the Cerro Chuño, Arica, have been created since 1984 with the entry of 20,000 tons of toxic waste adjacent to the population, which has brought with it over time, the pollution of land, the affectation of the health of the people and a series of social problems due to the population change that has meant the passage of formal homes to informal settlements. Although, other sectors of Arica have been affected by polymetal wastes, Cerro Chuño stands out for not fully complying with the 2009 intervention program, since the contaminated houses are still built, without their original inhabitants, but if with the presence of some Ariqueños and immigrants, who due to the quality of the border city, have seen in these dwellings an opportunity to live, taking the constructions. For this reason, to evaluate the conditioning factors that propitiate the chronic risk scenarios, is necessary a historical investigation of the generation of the Cerro Chuño population and its evolution is carried out, through bibliographic review, in addition to on-site visits that allow identify existing environmental and exposure problems, together with surveys that envision the consequences at a social level....
The chronic and latent risk scenarios for the Cerro Chuño, Arica, have been created since 1984 with the entry of 20,000 tons of toxic waste adjacent to the population, which has brought with it over time, the pollution of land, the affectation of the health of the people and a series of social problems due to the population change that has meant the passage of formal homes to informal settlements. Although, other sectors of Arica have been affected by polymetal wastes, Cerro Chuño stands out for not fully complying with the 2009 intervention program, since the contaminated houses are still built, without their original inhabitants, but if with the presence of some Ariqueños and immigrants, who due to the quality of the border city, have seen in these dwellings an opportunity to live, taking the constructions. For this reason, to evaluate the conditioning factors that propitiate the chronic risk scenarios, is necessary a historical investigation of the generation of the Cerro Chuño population and its evolution is carried out, through bibliographic review, in addition to on-site visits that allow identify existing environmental and exposure problems, together with surveys that envision the consequences at a social level....
Capacitación de los usuarios del agua de riego para la gestión de la calidad del recurso hídrico en la Cuenca del Río Maule
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)
.1.1 Descripción sistema de riego Maule Norte ......................................................................... 22
5.2 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS CAUSAS DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN DE LAS AGUAS DE RIEGO EN EL ÁREA DE
ESTUDIO...
Piloto: Sector Maule Norte”, dentro del cual se enmarcó este trabajo cuyo objetivo es la propuesta de un “programa de capacitación” que facilite la comprensión de los procesos de contaminación de las aguas de riego y promueva la participación de los...
Piloto: Sector Maule Norte”, dentro del cual se enmarcó este trabajo cuyo objetivo es la propuesta de un “programa de capacitación” que facilite la comprensión de los procesos de contaminación de las aguas de riego y promueva la participación de los...