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Desarrollo de un método cualitativo para la extracción y detección de oxitetraciclina en sedimentos marinos de la X Región
(Universidad de Chile, 2009)
La acuicultura a nivel nacional e internacional ha mostrado un enorme
crecimiento en los últimos 30 años. Sin embargo, pese a que esta ac{ividad ha
significado grandes beneficios a nivel económico y social, la problemática amb¡ental
que está...
Aquaculture at national and international level has shown a tremendous growth in the last 30 years. However, desp¡te th¡s act¡vity has shown great benefits at economic and social level, env¡ronmental due to the cunent deteriorat¡on of marine ecosystems, reveals the mismanagement applied ¡n crops centers. The econom¡c growth generated by this activity has prompted the heads of each salmon to increase product¡on, however, in many cases, without a care of the damage that this implies. With the aim of controlling and prevent¡ng progress¡ve environmental d¡saster due to this type of conduct, the National Fisheries Service (Sernapesca) implemented a program to control the use and waste of pharmaceutical products, pollution, prohibited substances and unauthorized substances, with to constantly monitor and control exerc¡sed in the management of salmon farming center. For the treatment and control of diseases of bacterial origin, have used various types of drugs, a situat¡on which generated great interest and concern from the scientific and public because of contamination that can generate large amounts of active drug added to the column water, through food" The immune response of salmon to these treatments has encouraged excessive use of drugs, creating an environmental impact on marine resources (sediment, water, etc.). The progressive depos¡tion and persistence of antibiotics may explain the accumulation in marine sed¡ments, which due to the presence of chelating agents advantaged retention of antibiot¡c form complexes w¡th metal cations (Ca*2, Mg.2, etc.), Decreasing its effective concentration and promoting the emergence of bacterial strain resistant to these drugs. The development of a qualitative methodology for the extraclion and detection of antibiotics in marine sediments ¡s a¡med at est¡mat¡ng the level of disruption that the resource present and initiate studies towards development of a quantitative analytical method for determining Oxytetracycline or other antibiotics in marine sediments. The detection method used was a high-resohfion liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) w¡th a reverse phase column. Early results po¡nt to a further ¡mproves of the extraction method. For its part, the established method, showed that Oxytetracycl¡ne would not be present in marine sediments in its active form, however other compounds were detected, which could corespond to compounds structurally degraded or modif¡ed. The continuation of studies more comprehensive and detailed is very ¡mportant because the adverse environmental impacts are projected beyond the aquaculture precincts....
Aquaculture at national and international level has shown a tremendous growth in the last 30 years. However, desp¡te th¡s act¡vity has shown great benefits at economic and social level, env¡ronmental due to the cunent deteriorat¡on of marine ecosystems, reveals the mismanagement applied ¡n crops centers. The econom¡c growth generated by this activity has prompted the heads of each salmon to increase product¡on, however, in many cases, without a care of the damage that this implies. With the aim of controlling and prevent¡ng progress¡ve environmental d¡saster due to this type of conduct, the National Fisheries Service (Sernapesca) implemented a program to control the use and waste of pharmaceutical products, pollution, prohibited substances and unauthorized substances, with to constantly monitor and control exerc¡sed in the management of salmon farming center. For the treatment and control of diseases of bacterial origin, have used various types of drugs, a situat¡on which generated great interest and concern from the scientific and public because of contamination that can generate large amounts of active drug added to the column water, through food" The immune response of salmon to these treatments has encouraged excessive use of drugs, creating an environmental impact on marine resources (sediment, water, etc.). The progressive depos¡tion and persistence of antibiotics may explain the accumulation in marine sed¡ments, which due to the presence of chelating agents advantaged retention of antibiot¡c form complexes w¡th metal cations (Ca*2, Mg.2, etc.), Decreasing its effective concentration and promoting the emergence of bacterial strain resistant to these drugs. The development of a qualitative methodology for the extraclion and detection of antibiotics in marine sediments ¡s a¡med at est¡mat¡ng the level of disruption that the resource present and initiate studies towards development of a quantitative analytical method for determining Oxytetracycline or other antibiotics in marine sediments. The detection method used was a high-resohfion liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) w¡th a reverse phase column. Early results po¡nt to a further ¡mproves of the extraction method. For its part, the established method, showed that Oxytetracycl¡ne would not be present in marine sediments in its active form, however other compounds were detected, which could corespond to compounds structurally degraded or modif¡ed. The continuation of studies more comprehensive and detailed is very ¡mportant because the adverse environmental impacts are projected beyond the aquaculture precincts....
Elaboración de una propuesta para la gestión integral de residuos antropogénicos costeros en el archipiélado de Chiloé, Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
del sector público administrativo .......................... 79
Cuadro 13. Encuesta para actores del sector privado acuicultura ............................... 80
Cuadro 14. Encuesta para habitantes del sector costero en relación con los Residuos...
sector privado acuicultura ................................. 95 Cuadro 21. Resultado encuesta para habitantes del sector costero en relación con los Residuos...
sector privado acuicultura ................................. 95 Cuadro 21. Resultado encuesta para habitantes del sector costero en relación con los Residuos...
Plan de negocios proyecto acuicola Atacama Yellow Tail
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
).
1
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization for de United Nations) Collection of Statistics
9
Fuente: FAO, Estado mundial de la pesca y acuicultura 2012
Los pescados y mariscos al ser un recurso natural “agotable”, ya han alcanzado su
máximo...
de declive en la extracción de productos del mar desde su hábitat natural que esta la oportunidad de mercado de la industria de la acuicultura. Hay claramente una demanda insatisfecha que puede (y deberá) ser suplida por esta forma alternativa de...
de declive en la extracción de productos del mar desde su hábitat natural que esta la oportunidad de mercado de la industria de la acuicultura. Hay claramente una demanda insatisfecha que puede (y deberá) ser suplida por esta forma alternativa de...
Campamento Huirero
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
Fernández G.
Albert Tidy, Arquitecto UCh
Ricardo Radebach, Sernapesca
Natalia Lam, Ing. Acuicultura UCh
Antonia Perelló, Ethnographic Film UCL
Raimundo Bordagorry, Ing. Ambiental PUC
Alumno
Profesor
Asesores
M E M O R I A D E T I T U L O
Facultad...
ciegos del problema, se están desarrollando programas de bonifi- cación para el repoblamiento a travez de hatchery en busca de un manejo sustenta- ble del recurso, potenciando sistemas de acuicultura para un repoblamiento de las praderas de huiros o...
ciegos del problema, se están desarrollando programas de bonifi- cación para el repoblamiento a travez de hatchery en busca de un manejo sustenta- ble del recurso, potenciando sistemas de acuicultura para un repoblamiento de las praderas de huiros o...
Desarrollo económico sostenible vs crecimiento económico miope de la economía del Ecuador : un análisis de sus tres principales sectores primarios: Petróleo; Banano, Café y Cacao; y, Acuicultura (Camarón)
(Universidad de Chile, 2020-11)
, Acuicultura (Camarón)
TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR EN ECONOMÍA
Alumno: Luis Angel Guamán Lazo
Profesor Guía: Eugenio Figueroa B.
Santiago, Noviembre 2020
2
© 2020...
, Acuicultura (Camarón). por Luis Ángel Guamán Lazo Profesor Guía Eugenio Figueroa B. Committee Javier Núñez E. Roberto Pastén C. Departamento de Economía 4 Facultad de Economía y Negocioa Universidad de Chile...
, Acuicultura (Camarón). por Luis Ángel Guamán Lazo Profesor Guía Eugenio Figueroa B. Committee Javier Núñez E. Roberto Pastén C. Departamento de Economía 4 Facultad de Economía y Negocioa Universidad de Chile...
Cimeb. Centro de investigaciones marinas en ecología bentónica habilitación caleta San Agustín para la conservación marina. Punta de Choros - IV región Coquimbo - Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
notablemente agotadas, el 25% están moderadamente
explotadas y el 47% están plenamente explotadas y han
alcanzado sus límites máximos sostenibles. (Informe
del Estado Mundial de la Pesca y la Acuicultura; SOFIA,
2012).
La situación se genera a partir de la...
actividades permiti- das. Dentro de las cuales se presentan las siguientes: Parques y Reservas Marinas En 1991, la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, otorgó por primera vez a la Autoridad Pesquera Nacional la facultad para declarar áreas de conservación y...
actividades permiti- das. Dentro de las cuales se presentan las siguientes: Parques y Reservas Marinas En 1991, la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, otorgó por primera vez a la Autoridad Pesquera Nacional la facultad para declarar áreas de conservación y...
La comunidad de Mata de Limón, Pacífico central de Costa Rica y la extracción de colonchos Callichirus seilacheri (Bott, 1955) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae)
(Univ Católica de Valparaíso, 2015)
de que este recurso local sea protegido y conservado para su uso
sostenible. Se sugiere además la implementación de un plan de manejo entre la comunidad de Mata de Limón y
el Instituto Costarricense de Pesca y Acuicultura (INCOPESCA) de manera de...
and conservation of this local resource for its sustainable harvesting. Also, we suggest the establishment of a management program between the community of Mata de Limón and the Instituto Costarricense de Pesca y Acuicultura (INCOPESCA) in order to optimize...
and conservation of this local resource for its sustainable harvesting. Also, we suggest the establishment of a management program between the community of Mata de Limón and the Instituto Costarricense de Pesca y Acuicultura (INCOPESCA) in order to optimize...
Caracterización de la microbiota intestinal de Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833) de medio silvestre: comparación de métodos tradicionales versus métodos moleculares de identificación
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
producción, convirtiéndose en una prominente especie para el desarrollo acuícola.
Dentro de las áreas de estudio en acuicultura para el aumento en producción, la nutrición ha tenido un rol relevante, que debido a los tipos de dietas, uso de antibióticos...
Yellowtail amberjack (Seriola lalandi) as been grown in Chile, in recent years, and its expansion is due to the high demand in the international market. The greatest scientific and technical knowledge has underpinned its increased production, becoming a prominent species for aquaculture development. Among the areas of study in aquaculture for increased production, nutrition has played an important role, which because of the types of diets, antibiotics, changes the health status of the fish and the intestinal microbial composition. The latter are microorganisms associated with the normal microbiota, which provide benefits such as protecting the fish pathogen attack and aid in digestion of the ingredients in the diet. However, knowledge of the microbiota of this species is very limited, which is why the aim of this study was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of wild yellowtail amberjack. the composition of the microbiota is analyzed by two complementary strategies in parallel. The first was based on traditional methods of isolation of microorganisms by cultivation. As a result was obtained a total of 69 bacterial and 15 yeast isolates. The second strategy microbiota was analyzed through DNA sample obtained directly from the intestinal contents uncultivated. Identifying microbial components was performed on both strategies by 16SrRNA sequencing markers (bacteria) or ITS (yeast), as appropriate. Following sequencing, were determined RFLP profiles of 16SrRNA and ITS for each isolate, as appropriate. In parallel, for the total microbiota composition were generated RFLP profiles of amplicons derived from DNA sample. Later, the RFLP profiles of both methods were compared. From traditional method was detected the presence of 20 bacterial genera and 1 genus of yeasts. In contrast, the molecular strategy evidenced of 4 bacterial genera. Analysis of intestinal microbiota of wild yellowtail amberjack, using traditional method was determined that of the 69 bacterial isolates was obtained among the most abundant with 20% Leucobacter genus, 13% of Alcaligenes, 9% Psychrobacter, 9% Marinobacter and 29% other genus. Moreover, in yeasts of the 15 isolates, was obtained a single representative genus Debaryomyces. While by molecular identificaion method of the most abundant genera for the 8 profiles obtained were Marinobacter with 50%, with 12.5% Proteus, Staphylococcus and Halomonas with 12.5%. It was determined that gender Marinobacter, Halomonas, Staphylococcus and Proteus identified by traditional farming methods, were confirmed in the microbiota profiles derived from molecular methods. Marinobacter presented where 50% of relative abundance by molecular method unlike the traditional method where the genre got only 7% of relative abundance....
Yellowtail amberjack (Seriola lalandi) as been grown in Chile, in recent years, and its expansion is due to the high demand in the international market. The greatest scientific and technical knowledge has underpinned its increased production, becoming a prominent species for aquaculture development. Among the areas of study in aquaculture for increased production, nutrition has played an important role, which because of the types of diets, antibiotics, changes the health status of the fish and the intestinal microbial composition. The latter are microorganisms associated with the normal microbiota, which provide benefits such as protecting the fish pathogen attack and aid in digestion of the ingredients in the diet. However, knowledge of the microbiota of this species is very limited, which is why the aim of this study was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of wild yellowtail amberjack. the composition of the microbiota is analyzed by two complementary strategies in parallel. The first was based on traditional methods of isolation of microorganisms by cultivation. As a result was obtained a total of 69 bacterial and 15 yeast isolates. The second strategy microbiota was analyzed through DNA sample obtained directly from the intestinal contents uncultivated. Identifying microbial components was performed on both strategies by 16SrRNA sequencing markers (bacteria) or ITS (yeast), as appropriate. Following sequencing, were determined RFLP profiles of 16SrRNA and ITS for each isolate, as appropriate. In parallel, for the total microbiota composition were generated RFLP profiles of amplicons derived from DNA sample. Later, the RFLP profiles of both methods were compared. From traditional method was detected the presence of 20 bacterial genera and 1 genus of yeasts. In contrast, the molecular strategy evidenced of 4 bacterial genera. Analysis of intestinal microbiota of wild yellowtail amberjack, using traditional method was determined that of the 69 bacterial isolates was obtained among the most abundant with 20% Leucobacter genus, 13% of Alcaligenes, 9% Psychrobacter, 9% Marinobacter and 29% other genus. Moreover, in yeasts of the 15 isolates, was obtained a single representative genus Debaryomyces. While by molecular identificaion method of the most abundant genera for the 8 profiles obtained were Marinobacter with 50%, with 12.5% Proteus, Staphylococcus and Halomonas with 12.5%. It was determined that gender Marinobacter, Halomonas, Staphylococcus and Proteus identified by traditional farming methods, were confirmed in the microbiota profiles derived from molecular methods. Marinobacter presented where 50% of relative abundance by molecular method unlike the traditional method where the genre got only 7% of relative abundance....
Digestibilidad de grano de lupino (Lupinus albus), grano de arveja (Pisum sativum) y torta de raps (Brassica napus), y su efecto sobre el crecimiento, eficiencia del alimento y composición de la carcasa en juveniles de trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
La acuicultura ha experimentado un gran crecimiento, lo que conlleva una gran demanda por harina de pescado, principal ingrediente proteico en la alimentación de especies carnívoras. Este vital insumo es cada vez más escaso debido a la sobre...
Aquaculture has experienced tremendous growth, leading to a high demand for fishmeal, major protein ingredient in feed for carnivorous species. This vital input is the most expensive in the ration and is associated with a significant excess nutrient as potential contaminant of water resources in farming systems. The use of alternative proteins such as vegetable protein is crucial for sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector, orienting research towards the efficient use of this type of protein. In this context, this research aims to evaluate the digestibility of grains of lupine (Lupinus albus) and pea (Pisum sativum) hulled and cake raps (Brassica napus) and in a second stage, to evaluate different inclusions on growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The in vivo digestibility trial began with trout of 24,9 ± 0.4 g diets were formulated in relation to a reference diet with fish meal, which was replaced 30 % of reference diet for the ingredients assessed; in a second stage a trial lasted 9 weeks with trout 37,1 ± 3.6 g where was evaluated the effect of the inclusion of lupine grain flours (15, 25, 35 %), pea grain (5, 15, 25 %) and rapeseed cake (10, 20, 30 %) on productive performance and carcass composition. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of all measured nutrients was significantly higher (P<0,05) for cake raps, grain pea had CDA protein and EE overestimated, probably due to experimental error (which occurs when the measured nutrient is very low in the ingredient). The low digestibility of DM, EN and energy is attributed to the raw state of the ingredients and the absence of processing methodologies in developing diets. The test growth results were significantly affected (P<0,05) by the type of plant protein and its level of inclusion, productive performance and feed efficiency were decreasing with increasing the percentage of inclusion for each ingredient. The composition and retention of N and P in the carcass of fish fed grain lupine show no significant difference (P>0,05) with the control treatment. Values MS, PC, EE and K of the carcass in fish fed with 25% inclusion grain pea shown to be significantly lower than the control treatment and retention of N and P treatments with 15% and 25% inclusion was less than. The fish receiving cake raps had no significant differences (P> 0.05) with control in the composition of the carcass, but retention of N was lower than control in all inclusions and P was lower for 20 and 30% inclusion. Therefore, it can be concluded that the inclusion of lupine grain flour (Lupinus albus) up to 250 g kg-1 in extruded diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) does not affect the productive performance, feed efficiency and carcass composition, which makes it a good substitute for fishmeal....
Aquaculture has experienced tremendous growth, leading to a high demand for fishmeal, major protein ingredient in feed for carnivorous species. This vital input is the most expensive in the ration and is associated with a significant excess nutrient as potential contaminant of water resources in farming systems. The use of alternative proteins such as vegetable protein is crucial for sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector, orienting research towards the efficient use of this type of protein. In this context, this research aims to evaluate the digestibility of grains of lupine (Lupinus albus) and pea (Pisum sativum) hulled and cake raps (Brassica napus) and in a second stage, to evaluate different inclusions on growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The in vivo digestibility trial began with trout of 24,9 ± 0.4 g diets were formulated in relation to a reference diet with fish meal, which was replaced 30 % of reference diet for the ingredients assessed; in a second stage a trial lasted 9 weeks with trout 37,1 ± 3.6 g where was evaluated the effect of the inclusion of lupine grain flours (15, 25, 35 %), pea grain (5, 15, 25 %) and rapeseed cake (10, 20, 30 %) on productive performance and carcass composition. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of all measured nutrients was significantly higher (P<0,05) for cake raps, grain pea had CDA protein and EE overestimated, probably due to experimental error (which occurs when the measured nutrient is very low in the ingredient). The low digestibility of DM, EN and energy is attributed to the raw state of the ingredients and the absence of processing methodologies in developing diets. The test growth results were significantly affected (P<0,05) by the type of plant protein and its level of inclusion, productive performance and feed efficiency were decreasing with increasing the percentage of inclusion for each ingredient. The composition and retention of N and P in the carcass of fish fed grain lupine show no significant difference (P>0,05) with the control treatment. Values MS, PC, EE and K of the carcass in fish fed with 25% inclusion grain pea shown to be significantly lower than the control treatment and retention of N and P treatments with 15% and 25% inclusion was less than. The fish receiving cake raps had no significant differences (P> 0.05) with control in the composition of the carcass, but retention of N was lower than control in all inclusions and P was lower for 20 and 30% inclusion. Therefore, it can be concluded that the inclusion of lupine grain flour (Lupinus albus) up to 250 g kg-1 in extruded diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) does not affect the productive performance, feed efficiency and carcass composition, which makes it a good substitute for fishmeal....
Análisis jurídico de la primera parte del Artículo 136 de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura a fin de determinar si, considerando la naturaleza de la pena de multa que trae asociada y otros principios de derecho punitivo, constituye o no una figura penal o sancionatoria especial cuya sanción deba aplicarla el juez civil que refiere el Artículo 124 de la misma ley
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
Por medio del presente trabajo, se pretende plantear un problema y dar una respuesta en cuanto a poder afirmar que la norma del articulo 136 de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, de verificarse, ya sea a modo de acción u omisión y que las mismas...