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En las vísperas de una revolución ignorada: el actual envejecimiento demográfico y sus consecuencias
(Departamento de Sociología. Universidad de Chile, 2011-01)
TEMAS
En las vísperas de una revolución ignorada: el actual
envejecimiento demográfico y sus consecuencias1
Marcelo Arnold
Daniela Thumala
Anahí Urquiza
I.
Los documentos contenidos en el Informe World Population...
gatillada por la intensifi cación del envejecimiento poblacional. Esta situación ya puso en jaque el modelo socialdemócrata del estado de bienestar. 1 Este artículo se basa en estudios desarrollados por el Programa de Estudios Sistémicos en...
gatillada por la intensifi cación del envejecimiento poblacional. Esta situación ya puso en jaque el modelo socialdemócrata del estado de bienestar. 1 Este artículo se basa en estudios desarrollados por el Programa de Estudios Sistémicos en...
Caja de herramientas: viviendo con demencias
(Universidad de Chile. Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Desarrollo. Red Transdisciplinaria sobre Envejecimiento, 2021)
Envejecimiento cardiovascular
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2008-12)
Envejecimiento cardiovascular
Raúl J Domenech, Pilar Macho
Cardiovascular aging
Aging produces its own cardiovascular changes, mainly
remodelling of arteries, heart and the microcirculation. These progressive changes...
@med.uchile.cl Aunque la senescencia (proceso biológico quelleva al envejecimiento) no es considerada una enfermedad, tiene su propia expresión bioló- gica y clínica y, además, facilita el desarrollo de diversas enfermedades, entre ellas las cardiovas- culares, cuya...
@med.uchile.cl Aunque la senescencia (proceso biológico quelleva al envejecimiento) no es considerada una enfermedad, tiene su propia expresión bioló- gica y clínica y, además, facilita el desarrollo de diversas enfermedades, entre ellas las cardiovas- culares, cuya...
El envejecimiento y el sistema general de pensiones del Ecuador
(Universidad de Chile, 2015-01)
El envejecimiento de la población conlleva un paulatino cambio en la relación de apoyo potencial de los sistemas de seguridad social. Este se presenta por la relación entre la población en edad de trabajar y aquella en edad de retiro y sus cambios...
La longevidad más allá de la biología. Aspectos socioculturales
(2006)
allá de la biología
Abstract
Longevity beyond biology
A través del artículo invito a remirar el envejecimiento y
la vejez como fenómeno y como objeto de estudio, a
partir de comprender la longevidad como un cambio
revolucionario del presente siglo...
proceso de envejecimiento, en un fenómeno con importantes implicancias socioculturales, y por lo tanto, de interés para las ciencias sociales. Through this article, I invite the reader to take a sec- ond look at the ageing process and old age as a phe...
proceso de envejecimiento, en un fenómeno con importantes implicancias socioculturales, y por lo tanto, de interés para las ciencias sociales. Through this article, I invite the reader to take a sec- ond look at the ageing process and old age as a phe...
Exclusión Generacional: La Tercera Edad
(Universidad de Chile, 2006)
El presente artículo presenta reflexiones relativas al envejecimiento de la población. El análisis presenta aspectos transversales a toda la sociedad y los problemas que surgen de la exclusión de este importante grupo social....
Caracterización microestructural de la precipitación en aleaciones de Cu-Ni-Sn, mediante calorimetría diferencial de barrido y microdureza Vickers
(Universidad de ChileCyberDocs, 2010)
difusio´n unidimensional o tridimensional. Los ensayos
de microdureza se realizaron para distintos tratamientos de envejecimiento, cada uno de ellos asociado a los
diferentes procesos de transformacio´n de fase detectados por DSC.
Para ambas aleaciones...
/s]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.28 Gra´fico de las funciones F1(y) y F2(y) en funcio´n de θ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.29 Curvas DSC y temperaturas de envejecimientos para la aleacio´n A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.30 Curvas de microdureza HV de la...
/s]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.28 Gra´fico de las funciones F1(y) y F2(y) en funcio´n de θ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.29 Curvas DSC y temperaturas de envejecimientos para la aleacio´n A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.30 Curvas de microdureza HV de la...
Rol de Klotho en la regulación de la neurogénesis hipocampal del adulto
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
progresiva con el envejecimiento, y se encuentra alterada en múltiples enfermedades
neurodegenerativas asociadas al él.
La neurogénesis del adulto es un proceso altamente regulado: tanto factores
ambientales como señales del propio nicho neurogénico han...
The world population is aging at an accelerated rate. As cognitive impairment is one of the main determinants of disease and disability among the elderly, understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for the development of measures to improve its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus occurs a neuroplasticity phenomenon called adult hippocampal neurogenesis, where stem cells resident in that niche proliferate and differentiate into new neurons. These new cells are integrated into existing neural circuits, and are relevant for cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis decreases progressively with age, and is altered in many neurodegenerative diseases associated with it. Adult neurogenesis is a highly regulated process: both environmental factors and signals from the neurogenic niche itself have shown to be important regulators of the maintenance, proliferation and subsequent differentiation into neuronal lineage of progenitor cells. Klotho is a protein with anti-aging effects, mainly expressed in the kidney, but is also isolated from the hippocampus of adult mice. An association between elevated Klotho plasma levels and a better cognitive performance was recently described in adult human cohorts. In non-neuronal tissues Klotho is involved in several signaling pathways, many of them linked to the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Studies in klotho knockout (KO) mice have shown that the absence of the gene correlates with an increased proliferation rate of progenitor cells in multiple niches, such as bone marrow and intestinal villi. Considering that: 1) Klotho is expressed in the hippocampus, 2) It is involved in signal transduction pathways associated with the regulation of adult neurgenesis, and 3) that in non-neuronal tissues klotho has been shown to regulate the rate of proliferation of progenitor cells, we propose that Klotho is an inhibitor of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this thesis, using PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we describe that expression of Klotho was observed in the granular region of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of adult mice, mainly concentrated in layers 2 and 3 of the granular layer and was almost absent in the subgranular zone where progenitor cells reside. By immunofluorescence in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons Klotho expression in neuronal cells was evident, and by rtPCR we shown that there is no change in hippocampal Klotho gene expression associated with aging of the mice. Using as a model the klotho knockout mice, and immunofluorescence, we found more Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) positive cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal region of the klotho KO mice compared to wild-type controls, which is consistent with an increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the absence of Klotho expression, and with our hypothesis of an inhibitor role klotho on neurogenesis. However, considering that Klotho expression can be found in several tissues, and that klotho is a circulating factor, we decided to study the local effect of inhibition of Klotho expression in the hippocampus. We produced lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA capable of inhibiting Klotho gene expression. These lentiviral vectors were injected by stereotaxic surgery in the dentate gyrus of adult mice. ShRNA-infected antiklotho hippocampus showed a smaller number of Ki67 and DCX positive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus compared with scrambled infected controls, suggesting that local deficiency of klotho induces lower hippocampal neurogenesis, opposite to what was observed in the Klotho KO mice, which represents a systemic deficiency of klotho. Additionally cultures of neuronal progenitors cells from adult mice hippocampus were stimulated with the recombinant Klotho protein, resulting in an increase in the proliferation rate of such cells, a result consistent with Klotho’s local interference in the hippocampus. Together these results demonstrate that Klotho is expressed in the adult hippocampus of mice and participates in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the proliferation rate of neuronal progenitor cells. The differences in the effect on neurogenesis between Klotho KO mice and Klotho local interference in the hippocampus may be explained by differences between models such as the timing and / or intensity of such inhibition or the participation of mediators between systemic Klotho expression and its effect on target tissues, which would not be altered in the model of local interference. The data obtained in this thesis establish a new functional role for hippocampal Klotho expression in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, thus contributing to the characterization of a new regulator of this process, not described previously. These results show a role of Klotho in normal physiology of adult neurogenesis, opening a new field for the study of its role in the process of aging and pathological conditions....
The world population is aging at an accelerated rate. As cognitive impairment is one of the main determinants of disease and disability among the elderly, understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for the development of measures to improve its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus occurs a neuroplasticity phenomenon called adult hippocampal neurogenesis, where stem cells resident in that niche proliferate and differentiate into new neurons. These new cells are integrated into existing neural circuits, and are relevant for cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis decreases progressively with age, and is altered in many neurodegenerative diseases associated with it. Adult neurogenesis is a highly regulated process: both environmental factors and signals from the neurogenic niche itself have shown to be important regulators of the maintenance, proliferation and subsequent differentiation into neuronal lineage of progenitor cells. Klotho is a protein with anti-aging effects, mainly expressed in the kidney, but is also isolated from the hippocampus of adult mice. An association between elevated Klotho plasma levels and a better cognitive performance was recently described in adult human cohorts. In non-neuronal tissues Klotho is involved in several signaling pathways, many of them linked to the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Studies in klotho knockout (KO) mice have shown that the absence of the gene correlates with an increased proliferation rate of progenitor cells in multiple niches, such as bone marrow and intestinal villi. Considering that: 1) Klotho is expressed in the hippocampus, 2) It is involved in signal transduction pathways associated with the regulation of adult neurgenesis, and 3) that in non-neuronal tissues klotho has been shown to regulate the rate of proliferation of progenitor cells, we propose that Klotho is an inhibitor of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this thesis, using PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we describe that expression of Klotho was observed in the granular region of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of adult mice, mainly concentrated in layers 2 and 3 of the granular layer and was almost absent in the subgranular zone where progenitor cells reside. By immunofluorescence in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons Klotho expression in neuronal cells was evident, and by rtPCR we shown that there is no change in hippocampal Klotho gene expression associated with aging of the mice. Using as a model the klotho knockout mice, and immunofluorescence, we found more Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) positive cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal region of the klotho KO mice compared to wild-type controls, which is consistent with an increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the absence of Klotho expression, and with our hypothesis of an inhibitor role klotho on neurogenesis. However, considering that Klotho expression can be found in several tissues, and that klotho is a circulating factor, we decided to study the local effect of inhibition of Klotho expression in the hippocampus. We produced lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA capable of inhibiting Klotho gene expression. These lentiviral vectors were injected by stereotaxic surgery in the dentate gyrus of adult mice. ShRNA-infected antiklotho hippocampus showed a smaller number of Ki67 and DCX positive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus compared with scrambled infected controls, suggesting that local deficiency of klotho induces lower hippocampal neurogenesis, opposite to what was observed in the Klotho KO mice, which represents a systemic deficiency of klotho. Additionally cultures of neuronal progenitors cells from adult mice hippocampus were stimulated with the recombinant Klotho protein, resulting in an increase in the proliferation rate of such cells, a result consistent with Klotho’s local interference in the hippocampus. Together these results demonstrate that Klotho is expressed in the adult hippocampus of mice and participates in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the proliferation rate of neuronal progenitor cells. The differences in the effect on neurogenesis between Klotho KO mice and Klotho local interference in the hippocampus may be explained by differences between models such as the timing and / or intensity of such inhibition or the participation of mediators between systemic Klotho expression and its effect on target tissues, which would not be altered in the model of local interference. The data obtained in this thesis establish a new functional role for hippocampal Klotho expression in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, thus contributing to the characterization of a new regulator of this process, not described previously. These results show a role of Klotho in normal physiology of adult neurogenesis, opening a new field for the study of its role in the process of aging and pathological conditions....
Efecto del envejecimiento en la proporción de células troncales de la pulpa dental y del ligamento periodontal de ratones
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA
ICBM, PROGRAMA DE BIOLOGÍA CELULAR Y MOLECULAR
FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA
DEPARTAMENTO DE ODONTOLOGÍA CONSERVADORA
EFECTO DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO EN LA PROPORCIÓN DE...
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE MEDICINA ICBM, PROGRAMA DE BIOLOGÍA CELULAR Y MOLECULAR FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE ODONTOLOGÍA CONSERVADORA EFECTO DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO EN LA PROPORCIÓN DE CÉLULAS TRONCALES DE LA PULPA DENTAL Y DEL...
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE MEDICINA ICBM, PROGRAMA DE BIOLOGÍA CELULAR Y MOLECULAR FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE ODONTOLOGÍA CONSERVADORA EFECTO DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO EN LA PROPORCIÓN DE CÉLULAS TRONCALES DE LA PULPA DENTAL Y DEL...
Exclusión generacional: La tercera Edad
(Universidad de Chile. Departamento de Antropología, 2006-05)
ahí no seguir envejeciendo. ¿Y usted -me interpela finalmente- quiere envejecer?”
El envejecer como proceso va más allá de querer o no, de nuestra voluntad. El envejecimiento es una
realidad que posee un sustento biológico al cual desde nuestra...
Sociales Nº ACS-33: “Observatorio Social del Envejecimiento y la Vejez en Chile”, de los cuales la autora es investigadora responsable y asociada respectivamente. Una primera versión del texto fue presentada en el Seminario “Las nuevas exclusiones en la...
Sociales Nº ACS-33: “Observatorio Social del Envejecimiento y la Vejez en Chile”, de los cuales la autora es investigadora responsable y asociada respectivamente. Una primera versión del texto fue presentada en el Seminario “Las nuevas exclusiones en la...