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Evaluación de los niveles plasmáticos de norepinefrina en mujeres embarazadas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico tratadas y no tratadas con metformina : consecuencias a nivel placentario
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
El Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico (SOP) es una condición familiar, fuertemente apoyada en factores genéticos y ambientales. Bioquímicamente se caracteriza por una secreción alterada de gonadotrofinas, altos niveles de andrógenos libres, insulino...
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a familial status, strongly supported by genetic and environmental factors. Biochemically characterized by an altered secretion of gonadotropins, high levels of free androgens, insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low -grade inflammation. Among the pharmacological strategies employed in PCOS stands metformin, sensitizer of insulin action, which is commonly administered to these patients obtaining favorable metabolic results. In 2005 was approved the use of metformin in pregnant patients with PCOS because in clinical practice this drug improves pregnancy complications of PCOS. Although the pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and poorly understood, it has been suggested that women with PCOS have increased sympathetic activity. Models of cystic condition in rats leading hyper activation to peripheral sympathetic neurons innervating the ovary and an increase in the uptake of norepinephrine (NE) therein, which ultimately results in the development and maintenance of a cystic condition that seems reversible if sympathetic activity is attenuated. A study in women with PCOS, to which muscle sympathetic activity of the vascular bed were measured, showed high sympathetic activity positively related to high levels of testosterone. The NE, sympathetic effector, is a potent mediator of physiological and pathophysiological events throughout the organism, so its extracellular concentration is highly regulated, primarily at the level of conveyor plasma membrane and intracellular level in the membrane of storage vesicles. Studies in animals and humans suggest that PCOS is developed in fetal life, therefore, disruptions in the maternal compartment programming to the fetus, via the placenta and fetal adaptation, for developing diseases in adulthood. Evidence indicates that expression of the NE transporter (NET) to placental level is decreased in gestational diseases as preeclampsia, there has been suggested a protective function for NET in placenta. Although women with PCOS are at high risk for preeclampsia, there is no evidence of possible alterations in the expression of this transporter in placenta of women with PCOS. To solve our working hypothesis, we use plasma samples and term placenta of women with PCOS with or without treatment with metformin and control women. In assessing plasma levels of NE we note that at 24 weeks of gestation was a significant increase in the plasma concentration of NE in PCOS women and then decreased significantly at week 35, which could account for deregulation in activity of autonomic nervous system in these patients during pregnancy and compensatory mechanisms against adrenergic hyperactivity. Metformin allowed significantly decrease plasma levels of NE in both 24 and 35 week of gestation. In term placenta of pregnant PCOS women we observed a marked decrease in NET levels in both placental faces and is inversely related to levels of GLUT4. However, metformin restored levels of NET protein reaching even higher levels than control women only in placental maternal face, suggesting that the autonomic nervous activity not only modifies fetal exposure to catecholamines, but the fact to respond to treatment with metformin also suggests that it is related with metabolic disorders associated with this syndrome. On the other hand, we found altered levels of downstream components of the insulin receptor signaling, IRS1 and GLUT4. However, treatment with metformin during pregnancy was able to correct these alterations mainly in the maternal side of the placenta, suggesting that the improvement of hyperinsulinemic state in the mother can partially restore the placental metabolic homeostasis. All of these results shows that women with PCOS have a sympathetic component altered during pregnancy and it is responsible for producing adaptive responses in placental protein NET. Such adaptive response in conjunction with alterations in placental insulin signaling could be responsible for the perpetuation of PCOS phenotype in the offspring of these patients. Furthermore, metformin has proven be a useful pharmacological tool to correct the sympathetic and metabolic alterations at different levels, present in PCOS pregnant woman, appearing as an integrator agent for pathologies involving metabolic, circulatory and neuroendocrine components...
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a familial status, strongly supported by genetic and environmental factors. Biochemically characterized by an altered secretion of gonadotropins, high levels of free androgens, insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low -grade inflammation. Among the pharmacological strategies employed in PCOS stands metformin, sensitizer of insulin action, which is commonly administered to these patients obtaining favorable metabolic results. In 2005 was approved the use of metformin in pregnant patients with PCOS because in clinical practice this drug improves pregnancy complications of PCOS. Although the pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and poorly understood, it has been suggested that women with PCOS have increased sympathetic activity. Models of cystic condition in rats leading hyper activation to peripheral sympathetic neurons innervating the ovary and an increase in the uptake of norepinephrine (NE) therein, which ultimately results in the development and maintenance of a cystic condition that seems reversible if sympathetic activity is attenuated. A study in women with PCOS, to which muscle sympathetic activity of the vascular bed were measured, showed high sympathetic activity positively related to high levels of testosterone. The NE, sympathetic effector, is a potent mediator of physiological and pathophysiological events throughout the organism, so its extracellular concentration is highly regulated, primarily at the level of conveyor plasma membrane and intracellular level in the membrane of storage vesicles. Studies in animals and humans suggest that PCOS is developed in fetal life, therefore, disruptions in the maternal compartment programming to the fetus, via the placenta and fetal adaptation, for developing diseases in adulthood. Evidence indicates that expression of the NE transporter (NET) to placental level is decreased in gestational diseases as preeclampsia, there has been suggested a protective function for NET in placenta. Although women with PCOS are at high risk for preeclampsia, there is no evidence of possible alterations in the expression of this transporter in placenta of women with PCOS. To solve our working hypothesis, we use plasma samples and term placenta of women with PCOS with or without treatment with metformin and control women. In assessing plasma levels of NE we note that at 24 weeks of gestation was a significant increase in the plasma concentration of NE in PCOS women and then decreased significantly at week 35, which could account for deregulation in activity of autonomic nervous system in these patients during pregnancy and compensatory mechanisms against adrenergic hyperactivity. Metformin allowed significantly decrease plasma levels of NE in both 24 and 35 week of gestation. In term placenta of pregnant PCOS women we observed a marked decrease in NET levels in both placental faces and is inversely related to levels of GLUT4. However, metformin restored levels of NET protein reaching even higher levels than control women only in placental maternal face, suggesting that the autonomic nervous activity not only modifies fetal exposure to catecholamines, but the fact to respond to treatment with metformin also suggests that it is related with metabolic disorders associated with this syndrome. On the other hand, we found altered levels of downstream components of the insulin receptor signaling, IRS1 and GLUT4. However, treatment with metformin during pregnancy was able to correct these alterations mainly in the maternal side of the placenta, suggesting that the improvement of hyperinsulinemic state in the mother can partially restore the placental metabolic homeostasis. All of these results shows that women with PCOS have a sympathetic component altered during pregnancy and it is responsible for producing adaptive responses in placental protein NET. Such adaptive response in conjunction with alterations in placental insulin signaling could be responsible for the perpetuation of PCOS phenotype in the offspring of these patients. Furthermore, metformin has proven be a useful pharmacological tool to correct the sympathetic and metabolic alterations at different levels, present in PCOS pregnant woman, appearing as an integrator agent for pathologies involving metabolic, circulatory and neuroendocrine components...
Eterna pasión : el imaginario colocolino expresado en objetos de colección y su aporte en la construcción de la historia sociocultural de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
ETERNA
PASIÓN
El imaginario colocolino expresado en
objetos de colección y su aporte en la
construcción de la historia
sociocultural de Chile
Memoria de proyecto para optar al Título
Profesional de Diseñador...
.3. Símbolos y Emblemas 1.4. Ídolos 2. Imaginario 2.1 Imaginario visual colocolino 3. Historia sociocultural 3.1. Historia sociocultural de Chile y Colo-Colo 3.2. Línea de tiempo que relaciona la historia de Chile en aspectos socioculturales con la historia de...
.3. Símbolos y Emblemas 1.4. Ídolos 2. Imaginario 2.1 Imaginario visual colocolino 3. Historia sociocultural 3.1. Historia sociocultural de Chile y Colo-Colo 3.2. Línea de tiempo que relaciona la historia de Chile en aspectos socioculturales con la historia de...
La investigación en ciencias sociales y jurídicas
(Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Derecho, 2010)
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en Ciencias Sociales
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María Francisca Elgueta R.
Eric Eduardo Palma G.
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
Facultad de Derecho
María...
Francisca Elgueta R. Profesora de Historia y Geografía, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación. Doctora en educación, Universidad de Valladolid, España. Diplomada en Docencia Universitaria y Diplomada en Gestión Universitaria en la Univer...
Francisca Elgueta R. Profesora de Historia y Geografía, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación. Doctora en educación, Universidad de Valladolid, España. Diplomada en Docencia Universitaria y Diplomada en Gestión Universitaria en la Univer...
Derechos humanos y mujeres: Teoría y práctica
(Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Derecho, Centro de Derechos Humanos, 2013)
-956-19-0833-8
Impresión:
Andros Impresores
Santa Elena 1955, Santiago
Teléfono-fax: 2555 62 82 - 2556 96 49
Impreso en Chile
Se imprimieron de esta edición 500 ejemplares
CONTENIDOS
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PRESENTACIÓN
El Centro de Derechos Humanos (CDH...
) es una institución académica de alcance regional de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Chile, cuya misión es promover los derechos humanos y el fortalecimiento de las democracias en América Latina. Para cumplir con nuestro mandato...
) es una institución académica de alcance regional de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Chile, cuya misión es promover los derechos humanos y el fortalecimiento de las democracias en América Latina. Para cumplir con nuestro mandato...
Término anticipado de la vida: eutanasia, el tratamiento jurídico y sus consecuencias en la práctica médica
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
La presente tesis busca determinar cuál es el tratamiento jurídico de la eutanasia en nuestro país, para luego ver qué consecuencias tendría el ejercicio eutanásico en la práctica médica, cuestionándonos qué consideraciones de carácter legal se ven...
This thesis seeks to determine what is the legal treatment of euthanasia in our country, and then to answer what consequences the exercise of euthanasia would have in the medical practice, questioning what legal considerations are involved in the integration of euthanasia as a manifestation of their right to individual liberty, in the context of a terminal illness. To answer these questions, a doctrinal investigation and a limited legal analysis will be carried out. Specifically, we will analyze law 20,584 about rights and duties of patients, and how the consecration of informed consent contained in said law introduces important changes in the medical relationship. The axis of this research focuses on the determination of key concepts such as life and death in a legal context; consent and individual freedom; public health and "medical liability" and finally euthanasia and its edges, in order to theorize answers to these questions from the perspective of law. The research consists of 3 main parts: a) A first chapter that consists of determining concepts that allow the development of the research, since there is a cross between the nomenclature of law and medicine; b) A second chapter for the determination of the problems recognized by the national legal system, in the face of legal problems that could arise in the relationship between the medical officer / patient regarding euthanasia (formulation of hypothetical cases); and finally c) A section of findings and conclusions; that once the questions have been analyzed and systematized in the context described above, theorize about the matter and make personal assessments in order to conclude the discussion...
This thesis seeks to determine what is the legal treatment of euthanasia in our country, and then to answer what consequences the exercise of euthanasia would have in the medical practice, questioning what legal considerations are involved in the integration of euthanasia as a manifestation of their right to individual liberty, in the context of a terminal illness. To answer these questions, a doctrinal investigation and a limited legal analysis will be carried out. Specifically, we will analyze law 20,584 about rights and duties of patients, and how the consecration of informed consent contained in said law introduces important changes in the medical relationship. The axis of this research focuses on the determination of key concepts such as life and death in a legal context; consent and individual freedom; public health and "medical liability" and finally euthanasia and its edges, in order to theorize answers to these questions from the perspective of law. The research consists of 3 main parts: a) A first chapter that consists of determining concepts that allow the development of the research, since there is a cross between the nomenclature of law and medicine; b) A second chapter for the determination of the problems recognized by the national legal system, in the face of legal problems that could arise in the relationship between the medical officer / patient regarding euthanasia (formulation of hypothetical cases); and finally c) A section of findings and conclusions; that once the questions have been analyzed and systematized in the context described above, theorize about the matter and make personal assessments in order to conclude the discussion...
Monstruosidades en la narratiiva del Cono Sur: Argentina, Brasil, Chile (1920-1973)
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y HUMANIDADES
ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO
MONSTRUOSIDADES EN LA NARRATIVA DEL CONO SUR:
ARGENTINA, BRASIL, CHILE (1920-1973)
Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Estudios...
Latinoamericanos NICOLÁS ROMÁN GONZÁLEZ Profesor Guía: Horst Nitschack Santiago de Chile, 2016 iii Monstruosidades en la narrativa del Cono Sur: Argentina, Brasil y Chile (1920-1973) iv Resumen Este investigación busca establecer la relación entre la...
Latinoamericanos NICOLÁS ROMÁN GONZÁLEZ Profesor Guía: Horst Nitschack Santiago de Chile, 2016 iii Monstruosidades en la narrativa del Cono Sur: Argentina, Brasil y Chile (1920-1973) iv Resumen Este investigación busca establecer la relación entre la...
Estrategias de emprendimiento en comunas rurales de la región metropolitana
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES
DEPARTAMENTO DE SOCIOLOGÍA
ESTRATEGIAS DE EMPRENDIMIENTO
EN COMUNAS RURALES DE LA REGIÓN
METROPOLITANA
Tesis para optar al título de Sociólogo
ANTONIO...
ii) Modernización del Agro en Chile ................................................................ 26 iii) El enfoque de la Nueva Ruralidad .............................................................. 28 iv) Rasgos socioculturales del mundo...
ii) Modernización del Agro en Chile ................................................................ 26 iii) El enfoque de la Nueva Ruralidad .............................................................. 28 iv) Rasgos socioculturales del mundo...
Diseño de un sistema de control de gestión para la unidad estratégica de negocio de exploración y producción de ENAP
(Universidad de Chile, 2013-06)
ambiental y nutrición, entre otros).
Segmento Tecnológico: este segmento incorpora instituciones y actividades
implicadas en la creación de nuevos conocimientos y la aplicación de estos a nuevos
productos, procesos y materiales que redundan en mejores...
“DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE CONTROL DE GESTIÓN PARA LA UNIDAD ESTRATÉGICA DE NEGOCIO DE EXPLORACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN DE ENAP” TESIS/AFE PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN CONTROL DE...
“DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE CONTROL DE GESTIÓN PARA LA UNIDAD ESTRATÉGICA DE NEGOCIO DE EXPLORACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN DE ENAP” TESIS/AFE PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN CONTROL DE...
Dispositivo de entrenamiento autónomo para la enseñanza del tenis en grupos de alumnos
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
El presente tiene como objetivo diseñar un dispositivo de entrenamiento para tenis, que permita al profesor generar planes de trabajo personalizados con grandes cantidades de alumnos. Esto con el fin de optimizar el proceso de aprendizaje en el...
Economía circular en Chile : alcances, problemas y desafíos en la gestión de la ley REP
(Universidad de Chile, 2017-12)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE ECONOMÍA Y NEGOCIOS
ESCUELA DE ECONOMÍA Y ADMINISTRACIÓN
Economía Circular en Chile:
Alcances, problemas y desafíos en la gestión de la ley REP
Seminario para...
Observatorio Reinalina Chavarri por su interés en el inicio, y la confianza y apoyo durante toda la duración de esta investigación. A Pablo Camus, el Departamento de Economía Ambiental del MMA, la Gerencia de Sustentabilidad de Homecenter Sodimac, Stefan...
Observatorio Reinalina Chavarri por su interés en el inicio, y la confianza y apoyo durante toda la duración de esta investigación. A Pablo Camus, el Departamento de Economía Ambiental del MMA, la Gerencia de Sustentabilidad de Homecenter Sodimac, Stefan...