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Microextracción de fármacos antiinflamatorios no esteroidales desde matrices acuosas usando polímero de impresión molecular inmovilizado en un sistema de disco rotatorio
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
Los llamados contaminantes emergentes, están presentes en un variado rango de productos de la vida cotidiana, como los productos farmacéuticos que son liberados de manera indiscriminada a las plantas de tratamiento de aguas, donde al no ser...
The so called emerging contaminants are present in a wide range of daily life products such as drugs that are haphazardly released into water treatment plants where, as they are not completely removed, they tend to remain in the aqueous phase and consequently are found in surface waters. The concern lies in that they can transform into products that are more toxic and more dangerous than the original contaminants. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a type of drugs that have been frequently detected in the environment and are not regulated by law. For this reason, an analytical method was developed to determine the concentration of the most commonly used NSAIDs in aqueous samples, using the rotating-disk sorptive microextraction technique (RDSE). The extraction device, made of Teflon, contains a cavity in which it can immobilize a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective sorbent for extracting analytes, which are subsequently quantified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method once the extracts from RDSE were subject to a derivatization process. The optimal condition for extraction of the mefenamic acid and diclofenac NSAIDs were the following: sample volume of 50 mL, 25 mg of MIP, 3000 rpm agitation, extraction time 60 min, pH2 and desorption with 10 mL of methanol during 5 minutes. For the drugs under study, it was shown that the sorbent phase of MIP recovered on average three times more than the same phase with no imprinted polymer (NIP), evidencing the effect of the cavities of the imprinted molecule. The proposed methodology was validated using a potable water matrix The method achieved NSAIDs detection limits between 0.060 to 0.223 ugL-1 with recoveries between 99-100% ± 5-6%. The application (of this method) to waste water samples obtained from a water treatment plant in Santiago showed NSAIDs concentrations of 1.8 to 4.3 μgL-1 in the influent stream and 1.3 to 2.8 μgL-1 in the effluent stream...
The so called emerging contaminants are present in a wide range of daily life products such as drugs that are haphazardly released into water treatment plants where, as they are not completely removed, they tend to remain in the aqueous phase and consequently are found in surface waters. The concern lies in that they can transform into products that are more toxic and more dangerous than the original contaminants. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a type of drugs that have been frequently detected in the environment and are not regulated by law. For this reason, an analytical method was developed to determine the concentration of the most commonly used NSAIDs in aqueous samples, using the rotating-disk sorptive microextraction technique (RDSE). The extraction device, made of Teflon, contains a cavity in which it can immobilize a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective sorbent for extracting analytes, which are subsequently quantified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method once the extracts from RDSE were subject to a derivatization process. The optimal condition for extraction of the mefenamic acid and diclofenac NSAIDs were the following: sample volume of 50 mL, 25 mg of MIP, 3000 rpm agitation, extraction time 60 min, pH2 and desorption with 10 mL of methanol during 5 minutes. For the drugs under study, it was shown that the sorbent phase of MIP recovered on average three times more than the same phase with no imprinted polymer (NIP), evidencing the effect of the cavities of the imprinted molecule. The proposed methodology was validated using a potable water matrix The method achieved NSAIDs detection limits between 0.060 to 0.223 ugL-1 with recoveries between 99-100% ± 5-6%. The application (of this method) to waste water samples obtained from a water treatment plant in Santiago showed NSAIDs concentrations of 1.8 to 4.3 μgL-1 in the influent stream and 1.3 to 2.8 μgL-1 in the effluent stream...
Diagnóstico para la mejora de la evaluación de impacto por olor en el marco del sistema de evaluación de impacto ambiental (SEIA)
(Universidad de Chile, 2019-01)
y predicción del impacto y las medidas mitigadoras y/o de control. En ellos se encontró bastante disparidad en las evaluaciones. El sector de Plantas elaboradoras de harina y aceite de pescado junto con plantas de celulosas fueron los sectores...
In this Seminar a series was established actions and recommendations to improve the evaluation of impact for smell, in the frame of the System of Evaluation of Environmental Impact. To reach this aim three concrete lines of action followed: In the first place, 20 projects entered and approved in the SEIA were selected from five potential industrial sectors that generate odor: (1) Sewage Treatment Plants, (2) Sanitary Landfills, (3) Fishmeal and fish oil processing plants. , (4) Celulosas and (5) Porcine plants. They reviewed the environmental assessment process, and evaluated the application of criteria with reference to odors, in terms of project description, area of influence, evaluation and prediction of impact and mitigating and / or control measures. They found quite disparity in the evaluations. The fishmeal and fish oil processing plants sector together with the cellulosic plants were the industrial sectors with the lowest evaluation criteria in reference to odors. However, the sectors associated with PTAS and Sanitary Landfill used odor evaluation methodologies. international standards that are closer to the development of an optimal odor evaluation. The identification of these methods and procedures based on the diagnosis of the environmental assessment process contributed to the later consideration of the final proposal of this Seminar. Secondly, the international experience was evaluated, identifying the criteria used for the evaluation of scents of two international guides. In this review, significant evaluative criteria were identified to be considered in an odor evaluation, such as, for example, the considerations that must be taken according to the type of project under evaluation for the choice of methodology. For new projects the most optimal tools refer to predictive or quantitative methods, such as modeling, the most important thing in these cases is the use of reliable input data in the model. For existing projects it was estimated that the use of observational / empirical tools could yield accurate results, however, the combination of some quantitative method could support the results of this. On the other hand, the applicable international regulations of the reference countries mentioned in the RegSEIA were evaluated. It was noted that there are various regulatory approaches that can be used when evaluating odors, such as the use of individual odoriferous substances or odor itself, which include variables to compare such as, land use, type of industrial activity, that refer to a greater regulatory specificity approaching more to the preventive approach that should be considered when evaluating an environmental impact. Finally, the information collected from six companies dedicated to the evaluation of odor was analyzed, through workshops, interviews and field visits. In this way, the deficiencies and positive aspects that are generated in the odor assessments that are generated today at the national level were identified. In this sense, it was demonstrated that the lack of legal tools has produced gaps and uncertainties with respect to the appropriate methodologies that should be used to evaluate odors. Finally, there was analyzed the information obtained of six companies dedicated to the evaluation of smell, across workshops, interviews and visit to area. Hereby there were identified the deficiencies and positive aspects that are generated in the evaluations of smell that are generated nowadays in the national plane. The diagnosis, evaluation and analysis of these three lines of action, they determined a more complete vision as for the tools of evaluation. From it, one proposed a series of actions and recommendations to realize an ideal evaluation of smell in potentially generating projects of smell that enter to the System of Evaluation of Environmental Impact. This offer realized on the basis of the minimal contents that it must have a Study of Environmental Impact (EIA): i) Description of the project, ii) Area of influence, ii) Prediction and Evaluation of the impact and iv) Measures mitigating and / or of control....
In this Seminar a series was established actions and recommendations to improve the evaluation of impact for smell, in the frame of the System of Evaluation of Environmental Impact. To reach this aim three concrete lines of action followed: In the first place, 20 projects entered and approved in the SEIA were selected from five potential industrial sectors that generate odor: (1) Sewage Treatment Plants, (2) Sanitary Landfills, (3) Fishmeal and fish oil processing plants. , (4) Celulosas and (5) Porcine plants. They reviewed the environmental assessment process, and evaluated the application of criteria with reference to odors, in terms of project description, area of influence, evaluation and prediction of impact and mitigating and / or control measures. They found quite disparity in the evaluations. The fishmeal and fish oil processing plants sector together with the cellulosic plants were the industrial sectors with the lowest evaluation criteria in reference to odors. However, the sectors associated with PTAS and Sanitary Landfill used odor evaluation methodologies. international standards that are closer to the development of an optimal odor evaluation. The identification of these methods and procedures based on the diagnosis of the environmental assessment process contributed to the later consideration of the final proposal of this Seminar. Secondly, the international experience was evaluated, identifying the criteria used for the evaluation of scents of two international guides. In this review, significant evaluative criteria were identified to be considered in an odor evaluation, such as, for example, the considerations that must be taken according to the type of project under evaluation for the choice of methodology. For new projects the most optimal tools refer to predictive or quantitative methods, such as modeling, the most important thing in these cases is the use of reliable input data in the model. For existing projects it was estimated that the use of observational / empirical tools could yield accurate results, however, the combination of some quantitative method could support the results of this. On the other hand, the applicable international regulations of the reference countries mentioned in the RegSEIA were evaluated. It was noted that there are various regulatory approaches that can be used when evaluating odors, such as the use of individual odoriferous substances or odor itself, which include variables to compare such as, land use, type of industrial activity, that refer to a greater regulatory specificity approaching more to the preventive approach that should be considered when evaluating an environmental impact. Finally, the information collected from six companies dedicated to the evaluation of odor was analyzed, through workshops, interviews and field visits. In this way, the deficiencies and positive aspects that are generated in the odor assessments that are generated today at the national level were identified. In this sense, it was demonstrated that the lack of legal tools has produced gaps and uncertainties with respect to the appropriate methodologies that should be used to evaluate odors. Finally, there was analyzed the information obtained of six companies dedicated to the evaluation of smell, across workshops, interviews and visit to area. Hereby there were identified the deficiencies and positive aspects that are generated in the evaluations of smell that are generated nowadays in the national plane. The diagnosis, evaluation and analysis of these three lines of action, they determined a more complete vision as for the tools of evaluation. From it, one proposed a series of actions and recommendations to realize an ideal evaluation of smell in potentially generating projects of smell that enter to the System of Evaluation of Environmental Impact. This offer realized on the basis of the minimal contents that it must have a Study of Environmental Impact (EIA): i) Description of the project, ii) Area of influence, ii) Prediction and Evaluation of the impact and iv) Measures mitigating and / or of control....
Efecto de sales de mar en bacterías de lodos activos, adheridas a portadores, en la remoción de carga orgánica
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
.2.2 Lodos Activos
El tratamiento de aguas mediante el proceso de lodos activos
surgió en 1914 para el tratamiento de aguas industriales y municipales.
En ese proceso, las aguas residuales se ponían en contacto con una
población microbiana mixta en forma...
DQO sobre DBO son principalmente de tiempo y manipulación. El agua servida que llega a una planta puede tener entre 200 y 1.000 mg/L de DQO dependiendo de la hora, el lugar, etc. - Microorganismos: El tratamiento biológico es realizado por...
DQO sobre DBO son principalmente de tiempo y manipulación. El agua servida que llega a una planta puede tener entre 200 y 1.000 mg/L de DQO dependiendo de la hora, el lugar, etc. - Microorganismos: El tratamiento biológico es realizado por...
Celulosa Arauco y el conflicto ambiental en Valdivia: negocios peligrosos
(2005)
, aprovechando la tecnología y las innovaciones en manejo de residuos que ofrecería una
planta con tratamiento terciario —el más avanzado conocido— de las aguas utilizadas en el proceso
de blanqueamiento de la celulosa.
En la construcción de la planta, donde...
regularizar la situación. La fábrica aún no contaba con los permisos emitidos por el Servicio de Salud Valdivia que certificara el buen estado de aguas y alcantarillado de la planta, y otro de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles (SEC...
regularizar la situación. La fábrica aún no contaba con los permisos emitidos por el Servicio de Salud Valdivia que certificara el buen estado de aguas y alcantarillado de la planta, y otro de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles (SEC...
Estudio del sistema de lodos activados de la planta de tratamiento de aguas servidas de Los Ángeles para el control del problema de Bulking Filamentoso, utilizando herramientas de modelación
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
El Bulking Filamentoso es un problema operacional que disminuye la eficiencia en los sistemas de lodos activados en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas (PTAS). Su presencia podría generar impactos en materia de gestión hídrica, consumo energético y...
Efecto de la aplicación de una enmienda cálcica-orgánica en algunas propiedades químicas de un suelo y agua de riego afectados por un tsunami en la Región del Maule
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
propiedades químicas y fisicoquímicas en el suelo y agua de pozo de
un predio cultivado con papayos (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis B.) afectado por el
tsunami de Febrero de 2010. Se evaluaron tres situaciones de suelo (tratamientos) a dos
profundidades (0...
condición puede atribuirse a un efecto combinado del agua de riego y el manejo agrícola que lleva este tratamiento. Palabras clave: Tsunami, enmienda orgánica-cálcica, propiedades químicas, RAS. 4ABSTRACT The phenomena of rising sea water levels generate...
condición puede atribuirse a un efecto combinado del agua de riego y el manejo agrícola que lleva este tratamiento. Palabras clave: Tsunami, enmienda orgánica-cálcica, propiedades químicas, RAS. 4ABSTRACT The phenomena of rising sea water levels generate...
Valoración de Aguas Andinas S.A.
(Universidad de Chile, 2020-05)
desarrollo de EMOS para el período 2001-
2005 que presentó un fuerte énfasis en obras de tratamiento de aguas servidas,
iniciándose con la construcción de la planta de tratamiento El Trebal. Ese mismo año,
EMOS adquiere el 100% de Aguas Cordillera y...
Metropolitana a través de la construcción de diversas obras, tales como la planta “Las Vizcachas” (1953) para producción de agua potable, la segunda etapa “Vizcachitas”, ubicada junto al acueducto paralelo (1969) y la planta “Ingeniero Antonio Tagle” (1984...
Metropolitana a través de la construcción de diversas obras, tales como la planta “Las Vizcachas” (1953) para producción de agua potable, la segunda etapa “Vizcachitas”, ubicada junto al acueducto paralelo (1969) y la planta “Ingeniero Antonio Tagle” (1984...
Aplicación de dos ácidos orgánicos y su efecto en la dinámica de las sales en el suelo
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
plantas de dos formas. La primera
corresponde a la disminución del potencial hídrico del suelo (a través de la disminución del
potencial osmótico), que dificulta la absorción de agua por las plantas (Hillel, 1998;
Rengasamy, 2010); esto obliga al...
de agua desde la solución suelo, se genera una condición similar a lo que ocurre en plantas bajo estrés hídrico, llevando aparejada la inhibición de la división celular y la síntesis de proteínas, además del cierre de estomas, lo que se traduce en...
de agua desde la solución suelo, se genera una condición similar a lo que ocurre en plantas bajo estrés hídrico, llevando aparejada la inhibición de la división celular y la síntesis de proteínas, además del cierre de estomas, lo que se traduce en...
Valoración de empresa Aguas Andinas S.A. : a través del método de flujo de caja descontado
(2020-10)
El propósito del presente estudio es entregar una estimación para el valor económico de la acción de Aguas Andinas S.A., la mayor empresa sanitaria de Chile e integrante de uno de los grupos sanitarios más importantes de América Latina...
Estudio técnico-económico del suministro eléctrico e hídrico para una comuna sustentable en el Norte de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
es ocupar los distintos recursos cercanos a ella para
proveer de manera independiente la energía y agua necesaria utilizando distintos tipos de energías
renovables, además de una desalinizadora o planta de tratamiento de agua.
Es por esto que el...
al clima y aumento de población. Una de las principales soluciones que se tienen son la desalinización de agua o el tratamiento de aguas dulces no potables. Estas dos problemáticas se presentan en varias comunas del Norte de Chile, donde existen...
al clima y aumento de población. Una de las principales soluciones que se tienen son la desalinización de agua o el tratamiento de aguas dulces no potables. Estas dos problemáticas se presentan en varias comunas del Norte de Chile, donde existen...