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Evaluación del Método de Estimación de Edad por la 4° Costilla Derecha en Población Masculina Chilena.
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)
Estimación de sexo en población chilena a través de mediciones del primer molar del maxilar
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
La identificación forense de restos óseos de larga data se ve dificultada cuando los restos están tafonomizados. Sin embargo, los dientes son muy resistentes a dichos procesos. Otra característica es que presentan dimorfismo sexual, con el cual se...
Determinación de las frecuencias alélicas de veintiún marcadores genéticos autosómicos en la población chilena para fines de identificación forense
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
cromosoma Y (Y indel) y el marcador de sexo
Amelogenina.
Debido a que los datos de las frecuencias alélicas respaldan los cálculos
estadísticos en los estudios forenses, y a que no se cuenta con las
frecuencias alélicas de los marcadores STRs del nuevo...
Human identification through analysis of the DNA is based on genotyping of polymorphic regions, known as STR (Short Tandem Repeat). In Chile the law 19.970 requests genotyping of at least thirteen STRs markers, autosomal STR loci of the CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) of FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) to establish the DNA fingerprinting of an individual. In 2012 the FBI proposed to expand the number of STRs from 13 to 21. Finally, in 2015 the FBI proposed to expand the number to 20 STRs. For this reason different kits being commercially available, such as GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) multiplex assay that amplifies 21 autosomal STR loci, 1 YSTR, 1 insertion/deletion polymorphic marker on the Y chromosome (Y indel) and sex determining marker Amelogenin. Because allele frequencies data support statistical calculation in forensic studies and due to the lack of allele frequency data for the Chilean population for CODIS core loci, it’s essential to determine the allelic frequencies of each of these STR markers. In this context, the aim of the present work is to estimated the allele frequencies and statistical parameters of forensic interest for the 21 autosomal STR loci included in the GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) in a set of 920 samples collected from unrelated individuals at different localities from Chile. Frequency distributions and the forensic parameters power of discrimination (PD), polymorphism information content (PIC), power of exclusion (PE) and the probability of a match (PM), expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were determined for each of these STRs. The forensic parameters obtained in this study were compared with parameters of the STR markers currently used in Chile. This study showed a high levels of polymorphism in the simple set. The three most informative markers identified in this study were SE33, FGA and D1S1656. TPOX and D22S1045 were the least polymorphic markers. No deviations from HWE expectations (p>0,05) were found. Combined PD and PE were greater than 0,99999999. Offering a high power of discrimination, eight orders of magnitude more than the STR markers currently used in Chile. Additionally, an analysis was performed between populations, the allele frequencies and HWE were estimated for each of these STRs for different localities including Arica, Iquique, La Serena, Coquimbo, Santiago (Public and Private), Chillan, Temuco, and Puerto Montt. Private alleles and populations pairwise FST values were estimated. Statistically significant deviations from HWE expectations (p>0,5) were found; However, after using Bonferroni’s correction (p>0,00026) no deviations from HWE expectations were detected. At least two private alleles that differ in each population were found. Low FST values were observed, and the larger FST value between populations (Arica- Santiago Public) was 0,00534. The dendrogram constructed from Matrix of pairwise FST showed differences between populations that are consistent with the geographical distribution of Chile. A study was carried out of global ancestry that showed that the individuals studied are distributed between caucasian component and possibly amerindian component. In conclusion, the allele frequencies estimated in this study are useful for the forensic community. STRs markers are highly polymorphic in the Chilean population and more informative than STR markers currently used in Chile. The results do not show any appreciable differences between studied populations...
Human identification through analysis of the DNA is based on genotyping of polymorphic regions, known as STR (Short Tandem Repeat). In Chile the law 19.970 requests genotyping of at least thirteen STRs markers, autosomal STR loci of the CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) of FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) to establish the DNA fingerprinting of an individual. In 2012 the FBI proposed to expand the number of STRs from 13 to 21. Finally, in 2015 the FBI proposed to expand the number to 20 STRs. For this reason different kits being commercially available, such as GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) multiplex assay that amplifies 21 autosomal STR loci, 1 YSTR, 1 insertion/deletion polymorphic marker on the Y chromosome (Y indel) and sex determining marker Amelogenin. Because allele frequencies data support statistical calculation in forensic studies and due to the lack of allele frequency data for the Chilean population for CODIS core loci, it’s essential to determine the allelic frequencies of each of these STR markers. In this context, the aim of the present work is to estimated the allele frequencies and statistical parameters of forensic interest for the 21 autosomal STR loci included in the GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) in a set of 920 samples collected from unrelated individuals at different localities from Chile. Frequency distributions and the forensic parameters power of discrimination (PD), polymorphism information content (PIC), power of exclusion (PE) and the probability of a match (PM), expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were determined for each of these STRs. The forensic parameters obtained in this study were compared with parameters of the STR markers currently used in Chile. This study showed a high levels of polymorphism in the simple set. The three most informative markers identified in this study were SE33, FGA and D1S1656. TPOX and D22S1045 were the least polymorphic markers. No deviations from HWE expectations (p>0,05) were found. Combined PD and PE were greater than 0,99999999. Offering a high power of discrimination, eight orders of magnitude more than the STR markers currently used in Chile. Additionally, an analysis was performed between populations, the allele frequencies and HWE were estimated for each of these STRs for different localities including Arica, Iquique, La Serena, Coquimbo, Santiago (Public and Private), Chillan, Temuco, and Puerto Montt. Private alleles and populations pairwise FST values were estimated. Statistically significant deviations from HWE expectations (p>0,5) were found; However, after using Bonferroni’s correction (p>0,00026) no deviations from HWE expectations were detected. At least two private alleles that differ in each population were found. Low FST values were observed, and the larger FST value between populations (Arica- Santiago Public) was 0,00534. The dendrogram constructed from Matrix of pairwise FST showed differences between populations that are consistent with the geographical distribution of Chile. A study was carried out of global ancestry that showed that the individuals studied are distributed between caucasian component and possibly amerindian component. In conclusion, the allele frequencies estimated in this study are useful for the forensic community. STRs markers are highly polymorphic in the Chilean population and more informative than STR markers currently used in Chile. The results do not show any appreciable differences between studied populations...
Caracterización de traumas perimorten en una muestra de la colección Cementerio General de Santiago de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
El análisis de trauma esqueletal es un área de experticia de la antropología forense. Su desarrollo se debe principalmente al gran número de investigaciones y análisis experimentales realizados durante las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, también se...
Implementación de un sistema informático para gestión de base de datos, en el Laboratorio de Toxicología del Servicio Médico Legal.
(Universidad de ChileUniversidad de Chile. Programa Cybertesis, 2004)
Estudio retrospectivo de espesores faciales con Tomografía Computarizada en población chilena actual
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
La reconstrucción facial forense se utiliza como apoyo en los procesos médico-legales cuando las demás técnicas son insuficientes para la identificación de un individuo. Un elemento importante son los espesores faciales, los que permiten recrear el...
Propuesta de pauta de realización de pericias psicológicas
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
), obteniéndose una nueva pauta de realización de pericias psicológicas, la cual
posteriormente fue sometida al criterio de 9 expertos -3 jueces, 3 consejeros técnicos y 3
psicólogos forenses- para validar su contenido.
Esta nueva pauta de realización de pericias...
Wildlife forensic science in the investigation of poaching of vicuna
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2016)
VICTOR TOLEDO Laboratorio de Anatomía, Departamento de
Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y
Pecuarias, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
EDGARD ESPINOZA National Fish and Wildlife Forensic
Laboratory, Fish andWildlife Service, Ashland...
University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and Rare, Arlington, Virginia, USA. E-mail verissimodiogo@gmail.com EMMA MCKINLEY Business School, University of Chichester, Bognor Regis, UK Wildlife forensic science in the investigation of poaching of vicuña Chilean...
University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and Rare, Arlington, Virginia, USA. E-mail verissimodiogo@gmail.com EMMA MCKINLEY Business School, University of Chichester, Bognor Regis, UK Wildlife forensic science in the investigation of poaching of vicuña Chilean...