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Estimación de Caudales Medios Mensuales Afluentes al Humedal Pajonales de Tilicura
(Universidad de Chile, 2008)
Propuesta metodológica para construir el escenariode de forestación de formaciones leñosas del norte de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRONÓMICAS
ESCUELA DE PREGRADO
Memoria de Título
PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA CONSTRUIR EL ESCENARIO DE
DEFORESTACIÓN DE FORMACIONES LEÑOSAS...
PARA CONSTRUIR EL ESCENARIO DE DEFORESTACIÓN DE FORMACIONES LEÑOSAS DEL NORTE DE CHILE METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL TO BUILD THE SCENARIO FOR DEFORESTATION OF WOODEN FORMATIONS IN NORTH CHILE DANIELA MONTALVA SOLIS Santiago...
PARA CONSTRUIR EL ESCENARIO DE DEFORESTACIÓN DE FORMACIONES LEÑOSAS DEL NORTE DE CHILE METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL TO BUILD THE SCENARIO FOR DEFORESTATION OF WOODEN FORMATIONS IN NORTH CHILE DANIELA MONTALVA SOLIS Santiago...
Análisis de los cambios de uso de suelo post incendio en los bosques nativos de la zona centro-sur de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
Diversos estudios han evidenciado la acelerada deforestación que ha afectado a los bosques nativos durante las últimas décadas, siendo la principal causa atribuida a el cambio de uso de suelo (CUS). Uno de los forzantes de los CUS son los incendios...
Various studies have shown the accelerated deforestation that has affected native forests in recent decades, the main cause being attributed to land use change (CUS). One of the drivers of CUS are wildfires, since they not only significantly alter the stability of ecosystems, but also lead to erosion and degradation processes that promote the replacement of the original vegetation cover. The most common CUS is the transition from a natural ecosystem to a productive or built one. At an international level, there are regulations that prohibit the change of land use in areas affected by forest fires, while in Chile, although there are legal instruments for territorial planning, they lack of restrictive regulations on issues related to CUS in areas affected by wildfires. This study seeks to determine the post-fire land use changes in Chilean scrubland and native forests, in order to promote the development of public policies that discourage the use of fire as an informal tool to clear surfaces. To achieve this, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used to develop a workflow to reconstruct the fire scars and subsequently identify the areas of native forest and burned scrubland and their post-fire land use. Through the results obtained, it was possible to identify both temporally and geographically 35,873 ha of native forest and 128,098 ha of burned scrubland, of which, both for native forest and scrubland, 17% resulted in a change of land use towards a productive activity (forestry, agricultural, prairie crop rotation) or urban. The evidence gathered in this study was used to support the draft Law "Regulates changes in land use and administrative acts and works of subdivision, urbanization and construction on land affected by wildfires". Allowing the identification of the post-fire land use changes in scrublands and native forests in the central-south zone of Chile between the years 2000 and 2016....
Various studies have shown the accelerated deforestation that has affected native forests in recent decades, the main cause being attributed to land use change (CUS). One of the drivers of CUS are wildfires, since they not only significantly alter the stability of ecosystems, but also lead to erosion and degradation processes that promote the replacement of the original vegetation cover. The most common CUS is the transition from a natural ecosystem to a productive or built one. At an international level, there are regulations that prohibit the change of land use in areas affected by forest fires, while in Chile, although there are legal instruments for territorial planning, they lack of restrictive regulations on issues related to CUS in areas affected by wildfires. This study seeks to determine the post-fire land use changes in Chilean scrubland and native forests, in order to promote the development of public policies that discourage the use of fire as an informal tool to clear surfaces. To achieve this, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used to develop a workflow to reconstruct the fire scars and subsequently identify the areas of native forest and burned scrubland and their post-fire land use. Through the results obtained, it was possible to identify both temporally and geographically 35,873 ha of native forest and 128,098 ha of burned scrubland, of which, both for native forest and scrubland, 17% resulted in a change of land use towards a productive activity (forestry, agricultural, prairie crop rotation) or urban. The evidence gathered in this study was used to support the draft Law "Regulates changes in land use and administrative acts and works of subdivision, urbanization and construction on land affected by wildfires". Allowing the identification of the post-fire land use changes in scrublands and native forests in the central-south zone of Chile between the years 2000 and 2016....
Análisis de la titularidad de los derechos de propiedad emanados de la captura de carbono por bosque en el marco de Redd+
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
+ es un mecanismo de financiamiento que tiene como objeto entregar un pago a quienes realicen acciones destinadas a disminuir la deforestación y degradación forestal por la captura del carbono por los bosques en los procesos fotosintéticos. Asimismo, es...
Los bosques nativos chilenos y la "política forestal" en la primera mitad del siglo XX
(Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, 2007)
1900, un autor sostenia que sin una politica forestal efeetiva y
leyes que rcgularan ia cxplotaeion dc los bosques, la situaeion dc dcstrueeion
y deforestacion obscrvada cn la region dc Los Lagos y La Araucania sc conti-
nuaria repitiendo en las nuevas...
Lueo presento el primer proyecto cmanado desde cl Ejeeutivo para legislar sobre Ios bosques y la caza. En el sc eonsideraban las dunas gcncradas por la deforestacion eomo un ""peligro nacionar, sc esta- bleeian saneiones para los incendios forestales...
Lueo presento el primer proyecto cmanado desde cl Ejeeutivo para legislar sobre Ios bosques y la caza. En el sc eonsideraban las dunas gcncradas por la deforestacion eomo un ""peligro nacionar, sc esta- bleeian saneiones para los incendios forestales...
Sistematización y propuesta de metodologías para la cuantificación, implementación y comercialización de absorción de emisiones en instrumentos público-privados en sector bosques
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
ESTRATIFICACIÓN DE LA COSTA DEL PACÍFICO DE COLOMBIA. 123
ILUSTRACIÓN 14: DISTINTAS ÁREAS DEL PROYECTO LOWER ZAMBEZI REDD+. 125
ILUSTRACIÓN 15: DEFORESTACIÓN ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1989 Y 2009 EN EL ÁREA DE REFERENCIA DEL PROYECTO. 126
ILUSTRACIÓN 16: PUNTOS DE...
MUESTREO VISUAL PARA DEFORESTACIÓN ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1984 Y 2009. 126 ILUSTRACIÓN 17: PROYECTO REDD MAKIRA. 128 ILUSTRACIÓN 18: MAPA DE RIESGO USADO PARA DEFINIR LA UBICACIÓN DE LA DEFORESTACIÓN PROYECTADA. 130 viii ÍNDICE...
MUESTREO VISUAL PARA DEFORESTACIÓN ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1984 Y 2009. 126 ILUSTRACIÓN 17: PROYECTO REDD MAKIRA. 128 ILUSTRACIÓN 18: MAPA DE RIESGO USADO PARA DEFINIR LA UBICACIÓN DE LA DEFORESTACIÓN PROYECTADA. 130 viii ÍNDICE...
Evaluación de los efectos de la ordenación forestal sobre la estructura de los bosques y la configuración del paisaje en un predio de la comuna de Casablanca, Región de Valparaíso, Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
evolución del paisaje forestal para escenarios con plan y sin plan de ordenación a 30 años.
A escala de paisaje, el escenario sin plan se proyectó con la tendencia histórica de
deforestación de este bosque, mientras que el escenario con plan se proyectó...
The Mediterranean Sclerophyllous Forest is mainly threatened by the unsustainable use of its forest resources. The National Strategy for Climate Change and Vegetation Resources has pointed the Forest Management Plan (FMP) as the solution to unsustainable use. However, there is a lack of scientific-technical information on its implementation and its effects. The evaluation of its structural characteristics and landscape configuration are fundamental factors to determine the sustainable forest use. This research evaluated the effects of FMP on forest structure and landscape configuration in a Casablanca land property at Valparaiso, Chile, by modelling the evolution of the forest landscape in scenarios with and without a 30-year plan. At the landscape scale, the unplanned scenario was projected with the historical deforestation trend of this forest, while the planned scenario was projected as established in the FMP. At stand scale, both scenarios were modeled with the Reynolds stand table projection method. Edge effect, spatial continuity index, basal area, and biomass were determined. The scenario with a 30-year plan results in an almost double-sized area without edge effect than the unplanned scenario. The forest increased its area by 25% with the FMP, which meant an increase in the area without edge effect of 86%. In the planned scenario, fragmentation was reduced by 26%, versus the unplanned scenario, which increased by 174%. Due to the FMP plan, 43.1 t ha-1 were gained, representing a 25% difference between scenarios. Spatial continuity index remained at 4.04 despite the increase of fragmentation in the planned scenario. This study contributes to understand the potential effects of FMP on the structure and landscape properties of the Mediterranean Forest. FMP is presented as a good alternative to reconcile the use of Mediterranean Sclerophyllous Forest with conservation and restoration....
The Mediterranean Sclerophyllous Forest is mainly threatened by the unsustainable use of its forest resources. The National Strategy for Climate Change and Vegetation Resources has pointed the Forest Management Plan (FMP) as the solution to unsustainable use. However, there is a lack of scientific-technical information on its implementation and its effects. The evaluation of its structural characteristics and landscape configuration are fundamental factors to determine the sustainable forest use. This research evaluated the effects of FMP on forest structure and landscape configuration in a Casablanca land property at Valparaiso, Chile, by modelling the evolution of the forest landscape in scenarios with and without a 30-year plan. At the landscape scale, the unplanned scenario was projected with the historical deforestation trend of this forest, while the planned scenario was projected as established in the FMP. At stand scale, both scenarios were modeled with the Reynolds stand table projection method. Edge effect, spatial continuity index, basal area, and biomass were determined. The scenario with a 30-year plan results in an almost double-sized area without edge effect than the unplanned scenario. The forest increased its area by 25% with the FMP, which meant an increase in the area without edge effect of 86%. In the planned scenario, fragmentation was reduced by 26%, versus the unplanned scenario, which increased by 174%. Due to the FMP plan, 43.1 t ha-1 were gained, representing a 25% difference between scenarios. Spatial continuity index remained at 4.04 despite the increase of fragmentation in the planned scenario. This study contributes to understand the potential effects of FMP on the structure and landscape properties of the Mediterranean Forest. FMP is presented as a good alternative to reconcile the use of Mediterranean Sclerophyllous Forest with conservation and restoration....
Catálogo de pteridophyta nativas presentes en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
contar con grandes extensiones de suelo agrícola para poder abastecer de alimento a los múltiples poblados en todo el mundo. El cambio de uso de suelo de bosques a terrenos agrícolas es uno de los más frecuentes, generando una deforestación preocupante...
The current rate of growth of the human population at a global level exceeds the response capacity of the systems, generating social and environmental conflicts. This entails important impacts on nature, for example, the need to have large areas of agricultural land to be able to supply food to the many villages around the world. The change of land use from forests to agricultural land is one of the most frequent, generating worrying deforestation. In 100 years, the change in land use will be the main factor affecting biodiversity (Salas et al., 2000). Pteridophytes correspond to ferns and related plants, which generally live within forests in humid areas, and are also present in xerophytic areas, seeking refuge under rocks or other plants. The more diverse forests are also more stable, the pteridophytes tend to occupy different parts within the forest, either on the shafts of the trees, in the undergrowth, riparian areas, etc. These more stable forest systems can also provide many ecosystem services for neighboring communities. In Chile, the diversity of this group is estimated at 160 taxa (Rodríguez et al., 2018), most of which are in the temperate zones. where it precipitates much of the year. The Pteridoflora in Chile is composed of 159 taxa distributed in 23 families and 56 genera, representing 2.9% of the vascular flora of Chile. The Atacama region has the lowest percentage of taxa evaluated in conservation categories. In contrast, the only place where all the pteridophytes have been classified is on Easter Island. Information from herbaria and literature provide valuable supplemental records of distributions. This study seeks to update the number of taxa present, associating them with the current threat states according to the Species Classification Regulations (by its acronym in Spanish RCE) of the Ministry of the Environment of Chile (MMA) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), in order to generate a tool to facilitate decision-making regarding conservation at the country level....
The current rate of growth of the human population at a global level exceeds the response capacity of the systems, generating social and environmental conflicts. This entails important impacts on nature, for example, the need to have large areas of agricultural land to be able to supply food to the many villages around the world. The change of land use from forests to agricultural land is one of the most frequent, generating worrying deforestation. In 100 years, the change in land use will be the main factor affecting biodiversity (Salas et al., 2000). Pteridophytes correspond to ferns and related plants, which generally live within forests in humid areas, and are also present in xerophytic areas, seeking refuge under rocks or other plants. The more diverse forests are also more stable, the pteridophytes tend to occupy different parts within the forest, either on the shafts of the trees, in the undergrowth, riparian areas, etc. These more stable forest systems can also provide many ecosystem services for neighboring communities. In Chile, the diversity of this group is estimated at 160 taxa (Rodríguez et al., 2018), most of which are in the temperate zones. where it precipitates much of the year. The Pteridoflora in Chile is composed of 159 taxa distributed in 23 families and 56 genera, representing 2.9% of the vascular flora of Chile. The Atacama region has the lowest percentage of taxa evaluated in conservation categories. In contrast, the only place where all the pteridophytes have been classified is on Easter Island. Information from herbaria and literature provide valuable supplemental records of distributions. This study seeks to update the number of taxa present, associating them with the current threat states according to the Species Classification Regulations (by its acronym in Spanish RCE) of the Ministry of the Environment of Chile (MMA) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), in order to generate a tool to facilitate decision-making regarding conservation at the country level....
Efecto de la fragmentación del bosque Maulino en la composición, riqueza de especies y abundancia de insectos defoliadores de actividad nocturna asociados a Aristotelia chilensis (maqui).
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
La deforestación y fragmentación de los bosques nativos son una amenaza a la biodiversidad, alterando la biota e interacciones ecológicas. En el bosque Maulino, la herbivoría sobre Aristotelia chilensis (maqui) es negativamente afectada por la...
In this work, the effect of the Maulino forest fragmentation on the abundance, species richness and composition of nocturnal defoliating insects associated with A. chilensis was evaluated. The insects were sampled every month, between August 2005 and february 2006, in 32 A. chilensis trees located in a continuous forest (600 ha) and in 32 trees from eight forest fragments (0,4- 20 ha). Sampling was carried out during the first 5 hours after dusk. 890 defoliating insects from 17 families and 77 species of Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were collected. All species were native. The total abundance did not vary with habitat fragmentation. Nevertheless, at the ordinal, family or species level there was a taxon-dependent habitat fragmentation effect. The species richness per tree did not vary with forest fragmentation, though the total number of species was considerably higher in the forest fragments. The species similarity was higher within the continuous forest than between the continuous forest and fragments or between the fragments. At the beginning of the season (September), the abundance of Sericoides obesa, a very voracious folivorous species, was significantly higher in the continuous forest than in the forest fragments. Later in the season, Chrysomelidae and Sericoides viridis became more abundant in the forest fragments. These insects seem to be responsible of the defoliating patterns of A. chilensis at the Maulino forest....
In this work, the effect of the Maulino forest fragmentation on the abundance, species richness and composition of nocturnal defoliating insects associated with A. chilensis was evaluated. The insects were sampled every month, between August 2005 and february 2006, in 32 A. chilensis trees located in a continuous forest (600 ha) and in 32 trees from eight forest fragments (0,4- 20 ha). Sampling was carried out during the first 5 hours after dusk. 890 defoliating insects from 17 families and 77 species of Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were collected. All species were native. The total abundance did not vary with habitat fragmentation. Nevertheless, at the ordinal, family or species level there was a taxon-dependent habitat fragmentation effect. The species richness per tree did not vary with forest fragmentation, though the total number of species was considerably higher in the forest fragments. The species similarity was higher within the continuous forest than between the continuous forest and fragments or between the fragments. At the beginning of the season (September), the abundance of Sericoides obesa, a very voracious folivorous species, was significantly higher in the continuous forest than in the forest fragments. Later in the season, Chrysomelidae and Sericoides viridis became more abundant in the forest fragments. These insects seem to be responsible of the defoliating patterns of A. chilensis at the Maulino forest....