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Tema 18: genética cuantitativa
(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2018-09-25)
Desafíos éticos en investigación genómica y biotecnología. Veinte años de Acta Bioethica
(Universidad de Chile, Centro Interdisciplinario Estudios Bioética, 2020)
Resumen: El presente artículo es una revisión de las reflexiones éticas sobre temas de genética y manipulación genética que se
han publicado en 20 años de Acta Bioethica. Se identifican los siguientes temas relevantes en el diálogo bioético: evaluación de...
desafíos siguen siendo los mismos, aunque el énfasis está cambiando de la prevención y rechazo en cuanto a los riesgos de la modificación genética, a la regulación de la tecnología de ingeniería genética, que va perfeccionándose cada vez más. En cuanto a...
desafíos siguen siendo los mismos, aunque el énfasis está cambiando de la prevención y rechazo en cuanto a los riesgos de la modificación genética, a la regulación de la tecnología de ingeniería genética, que va perfeccionándose cada vez más. En cuanto a...
Bioprospection and peptidogenomics of novel Streptomyces species from Salar de Huasco
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
celulares de carcinoma hepatocelular (HepG2) y fibroblastos de ratón (NIH-3T3).
Dos de las cepas de Streptomyces mas prometedoras demostraron características fenotípicas, genéticas y quimiotaxonómicas que las distinguieron de sus cepas tipo mas cercanas y...
Estructura Genética y Barreras al Flujo Génico en las Comunidades Agrícolas de la Región de Coquimbo con el Método de Monmonier
(Universidad de Chile, 2019-12)
0
Estructura Genética y Barreras al Flujo
Génico en las Comunidades Agrícolas
de la Región de Coquimbo con el
Método de Monmonier
Memoria para optar al título de Antropóloga Física
Autora: Josefa...
.......................................................................................................................... 8 ANTECEDENTES ...................................................................................................................... 10 1. Estructura genética en poblaciones humanas...
.......................................................................................................................... 8 ANTECEDENTES ...................................................................................................................... 10 1. Estructura genética en poblaciones humanas...
Tema 6: Mapeo génico en eucariontes
(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2018-09-25)
América Nitxin Castañeda Sortibrán
Rosario Rodríguez Arnaiz
COORDINADORAS
PROBLEMAS DE GENÉTICA. CUADERNO DE EJERCICIOS
1a. edición, 25 de septiembre de 2018.
© D.R. 2018. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México...
Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier medio, sin la autorización por escrito del titular de los derechos patrimoniales. Impreso y hecho en México. 576.5076 Problemas de genética : cuaderno de ejercicios / coordinadoras América...
Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier medio, sin la autorización por escrito del titular de los derechos patrimoniales. Impreso y hecho en México. 576.5076 Problemas de genética : cuaderno de ejercicios / coordinadoras América...
Tema 3: Modificaciones a las proporciones Mendelianas
(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2018-09-25)
América Nitxin Castañeda Sortibrán
Rosario Rodríguez Arnaiz
COORDINADORAS
PROBLEMAS DE GENÉTICA. CUADERNO DE EJERCICIOS
1a. edición, 25 de septiembre de 2018.
© D.R. 2018. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México...
Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier medio, sin la autorización por escrito del titular de los derechos patrimoniales. Impreso y hecho en México. 576.5076 Problemas de genética : cuaderno de ejercicios / coordinadoras América...
Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier medio, sin la autorización por escrito del titular de los derechos patrimoniales. Impreso y hecho en México. 576.5076 Problemas de genética : cuaderno de ejercicios / coordinadoras América...
"Proyecto genoma humano" : implicancias éticas, sociales y médicas
(Universidad de Chile, 2005)
abunda la confusión, mientras unos se preocupan por los aspectos sociales y éticos que rodean la genética, otros consideran que está ocurriendo una revolución en el campo de la medicina, una revolución que dará paso a una nueva era en la prevención y el...
Evaluación de la diversidad genética de los genes PB2, PB1 y PA del complejo polimerasa del virus influenza tipo A de origen porcino en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2018)
El virus influenza A (FLUAV) ha sido ampliamente estudiado debido a su gran importancia en salud pública y animal. Una de las razones de esto es su gran variabilidad genética otorgada en gran medida por el proceso de reassorment o reordenamiento...
The influenza A virus (FLUAV) has been extensively studied for the importance in public and animal health. The virus presented high genetic diversity, due to in part, by the reassortment events. The aim of this study it was to determinate the genetic diversity of the segments 1 (PB2), 2 (PB1) and 3 (PA) of FLUAV isolated from swine in intensive production farms in Chile and too evidence reassortment events in these genes. For this, 2824 samples were collected from 33 pig farms. Real time RT-PCR, viral isolation, and full genome sequencing were performed. A total of 89 genomic sequences of PB2 and 92 genomic sequences for PB1 and PA were obtained. Using phylogeny, we determinate that all segment belonged into the pandemic 09 cluster. The results suggest reassortment events of these genes in approximately 35% of the cases. This is the first study about the genetic diversity of the PB2, PB1 and PA, internal genes and to evidence reassortment events of them in swine population. In addition, the phylogeny suggests direct or indirect transmission between farms. Further studies are needed to better understand the viral dynamic of polymerase genes...
The influenza A virus (FLUAV) has been extensively studied for the importance in public and animal health. The virus presented high genetic diversity, due to in part, by the reassortment events. The aim of this study it was to determinate the genetic diversity of the segments 1 (PB2), 2 (PB1) and 3 (PA) of FLUAV isolated from swine in intensive production farms in Chile and too evidence reassortment events in these genes. For this, 2824 samples were collected from 33 pig farms. Real time RT-PCR, viral isolation, and full genome sequencing were performed. A total of 89 genomic sequences of PB2 and 92 genomic sequences for PB1 and PA were obtained. Using phylogeny, we determinate that all segment belonged into the pandemic 09 cluster. The results suggest reassortment events of these genes in approximately 35% of the cases. This is the first study about the genetic diversity of the PB2, PB1 and PA, internal genes and to evidence reassortment events of them in swine population. In addition, the phylogeny suggests direct or indirect transmission between farms. Further studies are needed to better understand the viral dynamic of polymerase genes...
Búsqueda automatizada para generar código usando programación genética en un lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
Hoy en día, las técnicas de aprendizaje de máquinas para generar código fuente son un área de investigación importante y prometedor. Se ha demostrado que la programación genética, o genetic programming (GP), contribuye eficientemente en la...
Estudio de la diversidad genética de la morera de papel (Broussonetia papyrifera) en Oceanía remota para inferir posibles rutas de poblamiento de esta región
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
. papyrifera con marcadores de microsatélites (SSR) en un número limitado de muestras sugieren que las poblaciones de Oceanía Remotas Oeste y Oceanía Remota Este son distintas genéticamente. Por este motivo, un análisis focalizado de la diversidad genética de...
The peopling of the Pacific Islands (Remote Oceania), took place about 4000-1000 years BP and corresponds to the last colonization of uninhabited territories of our planet. This was a complex process due to the extent and conditions of the territory. The settlement of Remote Oceania has been analyzed by archaeological, linguistic, and genetic studies. Genetic studies in humans present some weaknesses, as the current populations are not necessarily direct descendants or representative of the original voyagers. For this reason, other species closely associated to humans have been studied in order to understand the peopling of Remote Oceania. One such species is paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), a plant of high cultural value, because of its use for manufacturing textiles. This dioecious plant is native to Asia and is one of the few non-edible species transported by pre-Polynesians into the Pacific. Therefore, B. papyrifera is used as a model that could give a different perspective to other species studied so far in order to reconstruct the settlement of Remote Oceania. Previous studies of B. papyrifera with microsatellite markers (SSR) using a limited number of samples suggested that populations of West and East Remote Oceania are genetically distinct. For this reason, a deeper analysis of the genetic diversity of this species focused on West Remote Oceania was expected to increase our understanding of its dispersal in Remote Oceania and the global processes of the settlement of the Pacific. Based on the above, we pose the following hypothesis for this work: “B. papyrifera presents a greater genetic diversity in West Remote Oceania than in East Remote Oceania, which can be detected by different molecular markers, that allows to determine dispersal patterns of this species in the Pacific and infer possible human migration routes of pre-Polynesian settlers in Remote Oceania”. The aim of this work is “to characterize the genetic diversity of B. papyrifera from West and East Remote Oceania, using different molecular markers, for establising dispersal patterns of this species in the Pacific to infer posible human migrations routes of pre-Polynesian settlers in Remote Oceania”. The specific aims of this work are: “1. To characterize the genetic diversity of B. papyrifera from West Remote Oceania de B. papyrifera by different molecular markers and 2. To compare the genetic diversity and geographic localization of the B. papyrifera individuals from West Remote Oceania, with those from East Remote Oceania and Asia, for establishing dispersal patterns of this species in the Pacific and infer posible human migrations routes in Remote Oceania”. For this work 120 samples were analysed from four different islands or archipelagos of West Remote Oceania (three from New Caledonia, 71 from Fiji, 13 from Wallis, and 33 from Tonga) using three kinds of molecular markers: the ribosomal ITS-1 region, a sex marker and 10 SSR markers. Further, 41 selected samples from Remote Oceania (19 from West Remote Oceania and 22 from East Remote Oceania) were analysed using the ndhF-rpl32 chloroplast region. The analysis of the ITS-1 region and sex marker showed that the 120 individuals are genetically identical, while the analysis of 10 SSR markers identified 13 different genotypes in the four Western Remote Oceanian islands or island groups. Integration of data from this thesis with previous work from our laboratory on B. papyrifera specimens from Asia and Remote Oceania, showed that the ITS-1 region, the sex marker and the ndhF-rpl32 region presented greater diversity in Asia than in the Pacific. Using these markers, paper mulberry from Remote Oceania behaves as a homogeneous population, which is consistent with the introduction of only a few specimens into this region. The major exception is Hawaii, where two groups are observed: one that is genetically similar to Remote Oceania and another that is closer to Asian individuals. The origin of the latter group of plants can be explained by a second, relatively recent introduction of B. papyrifera to this archipelago that is independent of the peopling of the Pacific Islands. In addition, using the SSR markers we were able to distinguish 32 genotypes in Remote Oceania, grouped into three clusters or populations. There are different genotypes in the different geographic regions; however, the genotypes from West Remote Oceania are present throughout Remote Oceania. Therefore, these results suggest an extensive interaction network, connecting the various islands of West Remote Oceania to Central and the most distant regions of East Remote Oceania. It is important to point out that several of these interactions had not been observed previously using other model species, such as the Polynesian rat, or through the genetic analysis of contemporary human populations of the Pacific. The analysis of the ndhF-rpl32 chloroplast region in the 41 selected individuals from Remote Oceania identified five haplotypes in East Remote Oceania and only one in West Remote Oceania. Of the five haplotypes detected in East Remote Oceania, three are new haplotypes that have not been described previously (Chang et al., 2015). This result suggests that Remote Oceanía is not a homogenous region, since the genetic diversity between West and East Remote Oceania is different. Therefore, it would be interesting to analyse a greater number of samples from Remote Oceania, in order to characterize the genetic diversity in West and East Remote Ocenia and, thus, complement the results of this choloplast region with the SSR markers analysis. In summary, we detect genetic diversity of paper mulberry in Remote Oceania, and we also detect differences between the western and eastern regions of Remote Oceania. From this work, it is possible to suggest possible interaction or even trade routes between the various islands of the Pacific, supported by the genetic analysis and in conjunction with the archeological evidence. The genetic characterization of B. papyrifera contributes to the reconstruction of the migration routes from Asia to West and East Remote Oceania, and to the understanding of the peopling of the Pacific Islands...
The peopling of the Pacific Islands (Remote Oceania), took place about 4000-1000 years BP and corresponds to the last colonization of uninhabited territories of our planet. This was a complex process due to the extent and conditions of the territory. The settlement of Remote Oceania has been analyzed by archaeological, linguistic, and genetic studies. Genetic studies in humans present some weaknesses, as the current populations are not necessarily direct descendants or representative of the original voyagers. For this reason, other species closely associated to humans have been studied in order to understand the peopling of Remote Oceania. One such species is paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), a plant of high cultural value, because of its use for manufacturing textiles. This dioecious plant is native to Asia and is one of the few non-edible species transported by pre-Polynesians into the Pacific. Therefore, B. papyrifera is used as a model that could give a different perspective to other species studied so far in order to reconstruct the settlement of Remote Oceania. Previous studies of B. papyrifera with microsatellite markers (SSR) using a limited number of samples suggested that populations of West and East Remote Oceania are genetically distinct. For this reason, a deeper analysis of the genetic diversity of this species focused on West Remote Oceania was expected to increase our understanding of its dispersal in Remote Oceania and the global processes of the settlement of the Pacific. Based on the above, we pose the following hypothesis for this work: “B. papyrifera presents a greater genetic diversity in West Remote Oceania than in East Remote Oceania, which can be detected by different molecular markers, that allows to determine dispersal patterns of this species in the Pacific and infer possible human migration routes of pre-Polynesian settlers in Remote Oceania”. The aim of this work is “to characterize the genetic diversity of B. papyrifera from West and East Remote Oceania, using different molecular markers, for establising dispersal patterns of this species in the Pacific to infer posible human migrations routes of pre-Polynesian settlers in Remote Oceania”. The specific aims of this work are: “1. To characterize the genetic diversity of B. papyrifera from West Remote Oceania de B. papyrifera by different molecular markers and 2. To compare the genetic diversity and geographic localization of the B. papyrifera individuals from West Remote Oceania, with those from East Remote Oceania and Asia, for establishing dispersal patterns of this species in the Pacific and infer posible human migrations routes in Remote Oceania”. For this work 120 samples were analysed from four different islands or archipelagos of West Remote Oceania (three from New Caledonia, 71 from Fiji, 13 from Wallis, and 33 from Tonga) using three kinds of molecular markers: the ribosomal ITS-1 region, a sex marker and 10 SSR markers. Further, 41 selected samples from Remote Oceania (19 from West Remote Oceania and 22 from East Remote Oceania) were analysed using the ndhF-rpl32 chloroplast region. The analysis of the ITS-1 region and sex marker showed that the 120 individuals are genetically identical, while the analysis of 10 SSR markers identified 13 different genotypes in the four Western Remote Oceanian islands or island groups. Integration of data from this thesis with previous work from our laboratory on B. papyrifera specimens from Asia and Remote Oceania, showed that the ITS-1 region, the sex marker and the ndhF-rpl32 region presented greater diversity in Asia than in the Pacific. Using these markers, paper mulberry from Remote Oceania behaves as a homogeneous population, which is consistent with the introduction of only a few specimens into this region. The major exception is Hawaii, where two groups are observed: one that is genetically similar to Remote Oceania and another that is closer to Asian individuals. The origin of the latter group of plants can be explained by a second, relatively recent introduction of B. papyrifera to this archipelago that is independent of the peopling of the Pacific Islands. In addition, using the SSR markers we were able to distinguish 32 genotypes in Remote Oceania, grouped into three clusters or populations. There are different genotypes in the different geographic regions; however, the genotypes from West Remote Oceania are present throughout Remote Oceania. Therefore, these results suggest an extensive interaction network, connecting the various islands of West Remote Oceania to Central and the most distant regions of East Remote Oceania. It is important to point out that several of these interactions had not been observed previously using other model species, such as the Polynesian rat, or through the genetic analysis of contemporary human populations of the Pacific. The analysis of the ndhF-rpl32 chloroplast region in the 41 selected individuals from Remote Oceania identified five haplotypes in East Remote Oceania and only one in West Remote Oceania. Of the five haplotypes detected in East Remote Oceania, three are new haplotypes that have not been described previously (Chang et al., 2015). This result suggests that Remote Oceanía is not a homogenous region, since the genetic diversity between West and East Remote Oceania is different. Therefore, it would be interesting to analyse a greater number of samples from Remote Oceania, in order to characterize the genetic diversity in West and East Remote Ocenia and, thus, complement the results of this choloplast region with the SSR markers analysis. In summary, we detect genetic diversity of paper mulberry in Remote Oceania, and we also detect differences between the western and eastern regions of Remote Oceania. From this work, it is possible to suggest possible interaction or even trade routes between the various islands of the Pacific, supported by the genetic analysis and in conjunction with the archeological evidence. The genetic characterization of B. papyrifera contributes to the reconstruction of the migration routes from Asia to West and East Remote Oceania, and to the understanding of the peopling of the Pacific Islands...