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Regulación de la contaminación electromagnética en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2003)
Efecto de cambios proyectados en precipitación sobre la estabilidad de las comunidades acuáticas
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
La jurisdicción del estado del puerto
(Universidad de Chile, 2008)
El presente estudio aborda el alcance y la evolución del concepto de jurisdicción del Estado del puerto, el cual surgió en el ámbito del combate a la contaminación del medio ambiente marino y fue incorporándose a diversos instrumentos legales...
Contaminación atmosférica y desarrollo en la primera infancia : evidencia empírica para Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
problema de insuficiente información respecto del nivel de contaminación en el país, invirtiendo en estaciones de monitoreo que provean datos de polución ambiental con mayor detalle, como por ejemplo, sobre material particulado 2,5, que es el que causa...
Análisis teórico de contaminantes del agua subterránea por fuentes difusas de origen agrícola en la Región Metropolitana
(Universidad de Chile, 2000)
La agricultura es una fuente potencial de contaminación difusa. derivada de su desarrollo sobre grandes áreas. Esta actividad constituye un factor de alteración de la capacidad natural del agua subterránea, dado que puede modificar potencialmente...
The agriculture is a potential source of contamination no point, derived o{ its development on big areas. This activity constitutes a factor of aiteration of the natural capacity of the groundwater, since it can n-rodify the characteristics of the enüronmental potentially. introducing substances unaware to the same one, as they are it the inputs of tertllizers and pesticides. The consumption of these products follows a growing tendency, in connection wiih the demand of foods. The ccincidence of these bigger consumptions with very vulnerable hydrological areas, shows the potential risk of contamination of the aquifers located in these areas. The problem is very widespread and it affects to the Metropolitan Region, where the agricultural sector has experienced a remarkable development during the last decade. in function of the economic impofrance of the production of foods. The volumes of ferblizers and pesticides, frequently, surpass the necessities of the cultivation, thai together with the drops efficiencies of the waterings, it can favor the laundry of these products and thei¡ incorporation to the aquifer. The consequences are accentuated in the areas watered with groundwaters, due to the reciclaje and to the accumulative effect of these products in the environmental. For such a reason. the present study has as objectlve. to evaluate the effect of ihe regional agriculture on the contamination oi the groundwaters. For ihis was rcdized out it a prospecting of the agicultural sources that genemte in the environment, through an analysis of ihe factors that determine the the aquifers. For such an effec! was realized out an estimate of the of volumes of ferhl.zerc and of applied biocidas and of the fracüon that potentially xxt a polluting effect on the groundwaters. The study was realizeá out on the base of the information of 24 Cultivations, with respect to its handling and to the cultivated surface. The resulis indicated out that the process of the polluting agents' lixiüación ioward the groundwaters, they depend on diverse factors ihat are characteristic of the area in study, being disünguished three provinces, Chacabuco, Maipo. Melipilla, as the most vulnerable of being contaminated by effect of the agricultural activi§. The fruits growing presented the biggest contribution poliutant, because their period of production is more lingering and to that these require bigger volumes of agricultural inputs. In global terms. the ioxicity of the products used in the controi of the plagues and of the illnesses, it allows io distinguish two own behaviors for each one of the analyzed cuitivations. Ii is as well as in the fruit growing, the use of products of more toxici§ prevails, as long as in the vegetables it is appealed to the application of less toxic products. The shortage of systematic information on the general situation of the ground waters in Chile, ii has not aliowed, until the moment, a complete characterization of this tvpe o{ contamination, due to their complexi§, at the high cost of the analgtic technical required and the great variety of matters active employees' for what this work understands an approach of the present situation of the diffuse agrarian contamination in the Metropolitan Region. The present studies represented an effort to unify a methodology to give a dimension io the problen-r of the diffusion of pollutants coming from the agriculture....
The agriculture is a potential source of contamination no point, derived o{ its development on big areas. This activity constitutes a factor of aiteration of the natural capacity of the groundwater, since it can n-rodify the characteristics of the enüronmental potentially. introducing substances unaware to the same one, as they are it the inputs of tertllizers and pesticides. The consumption of these products follows a growing tendency, in connection wiih the demand of foods. The ccincidence of these bigger consumptions with very vulnerable hydrological areas, shows the potential risk of contamination of the aquifers located in these areas. The problem is very widespread and it affects to the Metropolitan Region, where the agricultural sector has experienced a remarkable development during the last decade. in function of the economic impofrance of the production of foods. The volumes of ferblizers and pesticides, frequently, surpass the necessities of the cultivation, thai together with the drops efficiencies of the waterings, it can favor the laundry of these products and thei¡ incorporation to the aquifer. The consequences are accentuated in the areas watered with groundwaters, due to the reciclaje and to the accumulative effect of these products in the environmental. For such a reason. the present study has as objectlve. to evaluate the effect of ihe regional agriculture on the contamination oi the groundwaters. For ihis was rcdized out it a prospecting of the agicultural sources that genemte in the environment, through an analysis of ihe factors that determine the the aquifers. For such an effec! was realized out an estimate of the of volumes of ferhl.zerc and of applied biocidas and of the fracüon that potentially xxt a polluting effect on the groundwaters. The study was realizeá out on the base of the information of 24 Cultivations, with respect to its handling and to the cultivated surface. The resulis indicated out that the process of the polluting agents' lixiüación ioward the groundwaters, they depend on diverse factors ihat are characteristic of the area in study, being disünguished three provinces, Chacabuco, Maipo. Melipilla, as the most vulnerable of being contaminated by effect of the agricultural activi§. The fruits growing presented the biggest contribution poliutant, because their period of production is more lingering and to that these require bigger volumes of agricultural inputs. In global terms. the ioxicity of the products used in the controi of the plagues and of the illnesses, it allows io distinguish two own behaviors for each one of the analyzed cuitivations. Ii is as well as in the fruit growing, the use of products of more toxici§ prevails, as long as in the vegetables it is appealed to the application of less toxic products. The shortage of systematic information on the general situation of the ground waters in Chile, ii has not aliowed, until the moment, a complete characterization of this tvpe o{ contamination, due to their complexi§, at the high cost of the analgtic technical required and the great variety of matters active employees' for what this work understands an approach of the present situation of the diffuse agrarian contamination in the Metropolitan Region. The present studies represented an effort to unify a methodology to give a dimension io the problen-r of the diffusion of pollutants coming from the agriculture....
El territorio y la participación como factores relevantes en el ejercicio del derecho a un medio ambiente libre de contaminación
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
El presente trabajo pretende demostrar la importancia de la participación ciudadana como mecanismo de protección al medio ambiente, a través del análisis constitucional de las normas que se refieren a la obligación de protección al medio ambiente...
Análisis del proyecto de Ley de bonos de descontaminación.
(Universidad de Chile, 2005)
El problema de la contaminación ambiental en Chile ha requerido un gran esfuerzo por parte del Estado y de los privados para mitigar sus efectos. A pesar de ello, estamos lejos de alcanzar una situación óptima, a modo de ejemplo, la Región...
Huellas digitales de contaminación en ciudades de Chile utilizando captadores pasivos personales: explorando parte del exposoma
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
efectos negativos causados en la salud humana y el ambiente. La demanda sobre la producción de compuestos sintéticos y naturales ha llevado a cambiar radicalmente el número de moléculas a las que estamos expuestos, a causa de la continua creación de nuevos...
Urban population today constitutes majority of the world population, thus studying the composition of contamination, and how socioeconomic inequalities vary in these environments, is key to understanding and reducing the effects caused on human health and the environment. The demand on the production of synthetic and natural compounds has led to a radical change in the number of molecules to which we are exposed due to the continuous creation of new products, dynamizing the urban environmental composition. Currently, the development of modern methodologies and sampling technologies seek to describe the composition of total chemical compounds to which a person can be exposed to on a daily basis, related to socioeconomic, environmental, lifestyle, industrial factors, among others. This concept has been called the “exposome”, or more specific, the chemical exposome. The contaminants captured in cities of Chile were compared: Santiago, Iquique y Tocopilla, using personal passive silicone samplers (WBs) and an exposure time of approximately 101 hours. The sample analysis was based on multidimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC/ToF−MS), data reduction was accomplished using automatic statistical compare software and frequency criteria, resulting in 876 tentatively identified compounds (TICs) or features in the three cities analyzed. Finally, the resulting data base was compared to toxicity/risk online resources such as PubChem®, to generate “fingerprints” of priority pollutants identified in urban environments of Chile. This list can be used in future studies to confirm identities of some organic chemicals, to further explore the composition of urban chemical pollution and target future health studies....
Urban population today constitutes majority of the world population, thus studying the composition of contamination, and how socioeconomic inequalities vary in these environments, is key to understanding and reducing the effects caused on human health and the environment. The demand on the production of synthetic and natural compounds has led to a radical change in the number of molecules to which we are exposed due to the continuous creation of new products, dynamizing the urban environmental composition. Currently, the development of modern methodologies and sampling technologies seek to describe the composition of total chemical compounds to which a person can be exposed to on a daily basis, related to socioeconomic, environmental, lifestyle, industrial factors, among others. This concept has been called the “exposome”, or more specific, the chemical exposome. The contaminants captured in cities of Chile were compared: Santiago, Iquique y Tocopilla, using personal passive silicone samplers (WBs) and an exposure time of approximately 101 hours. The sample analysis was based on multidimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC/ToF−MS), data reduction was accomplished using automatic statistical compare software and frequency criteria, resulting in 876 tentatively identified compounds (TICs) or features in the three cities analyzed. Finally, the resulting data base was compared to toxicity/risk online resources such as PubChem®, to generate “fingerprints” of priority pollutants identified in urban environments of Chile. This list can be used in future studies to confirm identities of some organic chemicals, to further explore the composition of urban chemical pollution and target future health studies....
Acuerdos de producción limpia: nuevo instrumento de política y gestión ambiental
(Universidad de Chile, 2003)
En síntesis, a través de los acuerdos de producción limpia se constribuye a establecer medidas de reajuste, permitiendo controlar los efectos negativos que produce la contaminación; aportando información hacia el mercado y la comunidad en general...