Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2009, 22:483–489
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Identifier
dc.identifier.other
10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833040a9
Identifier
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https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145100
Abstract
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The authors discuss the most relevant information in the field of rotavirus vaccines
published from October 2007 to June 2009; new information on the virus, host
response and disease burden that relate to our understanding of vaccine mechanisms
and impact are discussed. The review will focus on the role of the vaccines for the
developing world but this does not preclude the relevance of these vaccines for children
living in the industrialized world.
Recent findings
Immune mechanisms involved in rotavirus-associated immunity potentially relevant for
vaccine-associated immunity continue to be identified including anti-NSP4 antibodies,
cellular and mucosal mechanisms. Rotavirus-associated disease burden is high,
causing approximately 40% of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations in children less than
5 years of age worldwide; G12, G8 and P[6] antigenic types emerging in developing
countries are increasing in prevalence and may share worldwide circulation with the
other five more common serotypes. The two currently available vaccines, based on
different immune concepts, (VP7/VP4 homotypic specificity for RotaTeq vs. homotypic
and heterotypic specificity for Rotarix) have demonstrated high and sustained efficacy in
middle and high-income countries. Recent efficacy and effectiveness studies
demonstrate acceptable protection levels in the poorest countries of the world against
most antigenic types, leading to universal vaccine recommendation. Postlicensure
surveillance has not detected any signal of increased risk for intussusception in children
vaccinated with any of the two vaccines.
Summary
Rotavirus vaccines are well tolerated and provide adequate protection against moderate
to severe disease in high, middle and low-income regions. Partnerships between
governments, industry, and funding agencies will now be urgently needed to promote
vaccine use, especially in the less privileged countries of the world.