The conundrum of the Epstein Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma in the Americas
Author
dc.contributor.author
Carrasco Aviño, Gonzalo
Author
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Riquelme, Ismael
Author
dc.contributor.author
Padilla, Oslando
Author
dc.contributor.author
Villaseca, Miguel
Author
dc.contributor.author
Aguayo González, Francisco
Author
dc.contributor.author
Corvalan, Alejandro H.
Admission date
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-27T21:20:18Z
Available date
dc.date.available
2018-06-27T21:20:18Z
Publication date
dc.date.issued
2017
Cita de ítem
dc.identifier.citation
Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8 (43): 75687-75698
es_ES
Identifier
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10.18632/oncotarget.18497
Identifier
dc.identifier.uri
https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149312
Abstract
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Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma shows a higher prevalence in the Americas than Asia. We summarize all studies of Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in the Americas, focusing on host characteristics, environmental associations and phylogeographic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus strains. In the Americas, the prevalence of Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma is 11.4%, more frequent in males and portray predominantly diffuse-type histology. EBERs, EBNAs, BARTs and LMP are the highest expressed genes; their variations in healthy individuals may explain the phylogeographic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus across the region. Gastric cancer cases harbor exclusively the western genotype (subtype D and kept Xho I site), suggesting a disrupted co-evolution between the pathogen and its host. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma molecular subtype cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas display PIK3CA gene mutations, amplification of JAK2, PD-L1 and PD-L2 and CpG island methylator phenotype, leading to more extensive methylation of host and viral genomes than any other subtypes from the study. Environmental conditions include negative-and positive-associations with being firstborn child and smoking, respectively. A marginal association with H. pylori has also been reported. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is associated with Epstein Barr virus in 80%-86% of cases, most of which have been included as part of Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma series (prevalence 1.1%-7.6%). Whether these cases represent a variant of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma is discussed. We propose novel research strategies to solve the conundrum of the high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in the Americas.