Dermatology ultrasound. Imaging technique, tips and tricks, high-resolution anatomy

Abstract

This article reviews the ultrasound (US) scanner setting, the examination methodology, and the anatomy of the skin. Dermatologic US requires frequencies of 15 MHz or greater and appropriate probe handling. The use of color Doppler imaging is mandatory, proven that it is set to detect slow flows. Trapezoid field of view, extended field of view, 3-dimensional reconstruction, elastography, and new microvasculature imaging facilities can help, if available. Operators must be aware of the adjustments and tricks useful to improve the image quality. High-resolution US allows detailed assessment of epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and skin appendages. Differences exist according to patient age, sex, and body area. Appropriate knowledge of the anatomy is mandatory to image skin abnormalities.