Six transiting planets and a chain of Laplace resonances in TOI-178
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2021Metadata
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Leleu, A.
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Six transiting planets and a chain of Laplace resonances in TOI-178
Author
- Leleu, A.;
- Alibert, Y.;
- Hara, N. C.;
- Hooton, M. J.;
- Wilson, T. G.;
- Robutel, P.;
- Delisle, J. B.;
- Laskar, J.;
- Hoyer, S.;
- Lovis, C.;
- Bryant, E. M.;
- Ducrot, E.;
- Cabrera, J.;
- Delrez, L.;
- Acton, J. S.;
- Adibekyan, V.;
- Allart, R.;
- Allende Prieto, C.;
- Alonso, R.;
- Alves, D.;
- Anderson, D. R.;
- Angerhausen, D.;
- Anglada Escudé, G.;
- Asquier, J.;
- Barrado, D.;
- Barros, S. C. C.;
- Baumjohann, W.;
- Bayliss, D.;
- Beck, M.;
- Beck, T.;
- Bekkelien, A.;
- Benz, W.;
- Billot, N.;
- Bonfanti, A.;
- Bonfils, X.;
- Bouchy, F.;
- Bourrier, V.;
- Boué, G.;
- Brandeker, A.;
- Broeg, C.;
- Buder, M.;
- Burdanov, A.;
- Burleigh, M. R.;
- Bárczy, T.;
- Cameron, A. C.;
- Chamberlain, S.;
- Charnoz, S.;
- Cooke, B. F.;
- Corral Van Damme, C.;
- Correia, A. C. M.;
- Cristiani, S.;
- Damasso, M.;
- Davies, M. B.;
- Deleuil, M.;
- Demangeon, O. D. S.;
- Demory, B. O.;
- Di Marcantonio, P.;
- Di Persio, G.;
- Dumusque, X.;
- Ehrenreich, D.;
- Erikson, A.;
- Figueira, P.;
- Fortier, A.;
- Fossati, L.;
- Fridlund, M.;
- Futyan, D.;
- Gandolfi, D.;
- García Muñoz, A.;
- Garcia, L. J.;
- Gill, S.;
- Gillen, E.;
- Gillon, M.;
- Goad, M. R.;
- González Hernández, J. I.;
- Guedel, M.;
- Günther, M. N.;
- Haldemann, J.;
- Henderson, B.;
- Heng, K.;
- Hogan, A. E.;
- Isaak, K.;
- Jehin, E.;
- Jenkins, James Stewart;
- Jordán, A.;
- Kiss, L.;
- Kristiansen, M. H.;
- Lam, K.;
- Lavie, B.;
- Lecavelier Des Etangs, A.;
- Lendl, M.;
- Lillo Box, J.;
- Lo Curto, G.;
- Magrin, D.;
- Martins, C. J. A. P.;
- Maxted, P. F. L.;
- McCormac, J.;
- Mehner, A.;
- Micela, G.;
- Molaro, P.;
- Moyano, M.;
- Murray, C. A.;
- Nascimbeni, V.;
- Nunes, N. J.;
- Olofsson, G.;
- Osborn, H. P.;
- Oshagh, M.;
- Ottensamer, R.;
- Pagano, I.;
- Pallé, E.;
- Pedersen, P. P.;
- Pepe, F. A.;
- Persson, C. M.;
- Peter, G.;
- Piotto, G.;
- Polenta, G.;
- Pollacco, D.;
- Poretti, E.;
- Pozuelos, F. J.;
- Queloz, D.;
- Ragazzoni, R.;
- Rando, N.;
- Ratti, F.;
- Rauer, H.;
- Raynard, L.;
- Rebolo, R.;
- Reimers, C.;
- Ribas, I.;
- Santos, N. C.;
- Scandariato, G.;
- Schneider, J.;
- Sebastian, D.;
- Sestovic, M.;
- Simon, A. E.;
- Smith, A. M. S.;
- Sousa, S. G.;
- Sozzetti, A.;
- Steller, M.;
- Suárez Mascareño, A.;
- Szabó, Gy. M.;
- Ségransan, D.;
- Thomas, N.;
- Thompson, S.;
- Tilbrook, R. H.;
- Triaud, A.;
- Turner, O.;
- Udry, S.;
- Van Grootel, V.;
- Venus, H.;
- Verrecchia, F.;
- Vines, J. I.;
- Walton, N. A.;
- West, R. G.;
- Wheatley, P. J.;
- Wolter, D.;
- Zapatero Osorio, M. R.;
Abstract
Determining the architecture of multi-planetary systems is one of the cornerstones of understanding planet formation and evolution. Resonant systems are especially important as the fragility of their orbital configuration ensures that no significant scattering or collisional event has taken place since the earliest formation phase when the parent protoplanetary disc was still present. In this context, TOI-178 has been the subject of particular attention since the first TESS observations hinted at the possible presence of a near 2:3:3 resonant chain. Here we report the results of observations from CHEOPS, ESPRESSO, NGTS, and SPECULOOS with the aim of deciphering the peculiar orbital architecture of the system. We show that TOI-178 harbours at least six planets in the super-Earth to mini-Neptune regimes, with radii ranging from
1.152(-0.070)(+0.073)
1.152-0.070+0.073 to
2.87(-0.13)(+0.14) 2.87-0.13+0.14 Earth radii and periods of 1.91, 3.24, 6.56, 9.96, 15.23, and 20.71 days. All planets but the innermost one form a 2:4:6:9:12 chain of Laplace resonances, and the planetary densities show important variations from planet to planet, jumping from
1.02(-0.23)(+0.28) 1.02-0.23+0.28 to
0.177(-0.061)(+0.055) 0.177-0.061+0.055 times the Earth's density between planets c and d. Using Bayesian interior structure retrieval models, we show that the amount of gas in the planets does not vary in a monotonous way, contrary to what one would expect from simple formation and evolution models and unlike other known systems in a chain of Laplace resonances. The brightness of TOI-178 (H = 8.76 mag, J = 9.37 mag, V = 11.95 mag) allows for a precise characterisation of its orbital architecture as well as of the physical nature of the six presently known transiting planets it harbours. The peculiar orbital configuration and the diversity in average density among the planets in the system will enable the study of interior planetary structures and atmospheric evolution, providing important clues on the formation of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.
Patrocinador
Swiss NCCR PlanetS
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
European Commission PP00P2-190080
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 200020_172746
UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/M001296/1
Region Ile-de-France
French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-10-EQPX-29-01
Aparece en contenido como:project Equip@Meso of the programme Investissements d'Avenir
Centre National D'etudes Spatiales 837319
UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/M001962/1
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Program
University of Liege through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions - Wallonia-Brussels Federation
FCT through Investigador FCT IF/00650/2015/CP1273/CT0001
Spanish Government
Aparece en contenido como:Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
European Commission PGC2018-098153-B-C33
ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R
ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R
PGC2018-098153-B-C31
ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R
Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu"-Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC) MDM-2017-0737
Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme
European Space Agency 4000124370
FCT through FCT CEECIND/00826/2018
IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004
COMPETE 2020 UIDB/04564/2020
UIDP/04564/2020
PTDC/FIS-AST/7002/2020
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029932
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
European Commission
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
Aparece en contenido como:FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
FEDER through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao UID/FIS/04434/2019
UIDB/04434/2020
UIDP/04434/2020
PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017
POCI-01-0145-FEDER032113
PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953
PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987
national funds through FCT DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004
Swedish National Space Agency DNR 65/19
174/18
CRT foundation 2018.2323
David and Claudia Harding Foundation in the form of a Winton Exoplanet Fellowship
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) under the 2013 Ramon y Cajal programme RYC-2013-14875
Spanish Government AYA2017-86389-P
MIT Kavli Institute
Guaranteed Time Programme of the CHEOPS mission
Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)
CONICYT FONDECYT 1201371
CONICYT project Basal AFB-170002
ICN12_009
Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)
CONICYT FONDECYT UID/FIS/04434/2019
PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987
1171208
ST/M001040/1
IF/00852/2015
PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017
Simons Foundation 327127
European Commission
European Commission Joint Research Centre
European Social Fund (ESF)
National Research, Development & Innovation Office (NRDIO) - Hungary GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00003
K-119517
K-125015
City of Szombathely 67.177-21/2016
MERAC foundation, from the European Research Council under the European Union 803193/BEBOP
Science and Technology Facilites Council (STFC) ST/S00193X/1
AYA2016-79425-C3-2-P
PID2019-109522GB-C51
Spanish Government
Aparece en contenido como:Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
SNSA
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Artículo de publícación WoS
Quote Item
A&A 649, A26 (2021)
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