Dynamic IgG seropositivity after rollout of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in Chile: a sentinel surveillance study

Abstract

Background By July 14, 2021, 81.3 % of adults (aged >= 18 years) in Chile had received a first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and 72.3% had received a second SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with the majority of people given Sinovac's inactivated CoronaVac vaccine (75.3% of vaccines dispensed) or Pfizer-BioNTech's mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (20.9% of vaccines dispensed). Due to the absence of simultaneous real-world data for these vaccines, we aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity between vaccines using a dynamic national monitoring strategy. Methods From March 12, 2021, 28 testing stations for SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection were installed in hots pots based on cellular-phone mobility tracking within the most populated cities in Chile. Individuals voluntarily approaching the testing stations were invited to do a lateral flow test by finger prick and respond to a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination status (including type of vaccine if one was received), variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and comorbidities. We compared the proportion of individuals testing positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG across sites by week since vaccination between recipients of CoronaVac and BNT162b2. Unvaccinated participants served as a control population and were matched to vaccinated individuals on the basis of date of presentation to the testing station, gender, and age group. Individuals were excluded from the analysis if they were younger than 18 years, had no declared gender, had an invalid IgG test result, had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on PCR, could not recall their vaccination status, or had been immunised against COVID-19 with vaccines other than CoronaVac or BNT162b2. Here, we report data collected up to July 2, 2021. Findings Of 64813 individuals enrolled, 56 261 were included in the final analysis, of whom 33 533 (59.6%) had received at least one dose of the CoronaVac vaccine, 8947 (15.9%) had received at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and 13 781(24.5%) had not received a vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity during week 4 after the first dose of CoronaVac was 28.1% (95% CI 25.0-31.2; 220 of 783 individuals), reaching a peak of 77.4% (75.5-79.3; 1473 of 1902 individuals) during week 3 after the second dose. SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity during week 4 after the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine was 79.4% (75.7-83.1; 367 of 462 individuals), increasing to 96.5% (94.9-98.1; 497 of 515 individuals) during week 3 after the second dose and remaining above 92% until the end of the study. For unvaccinated individuals, IgG seropositivity ranged from 6.0% (4.4-7.6; 49 of 810 individuals) to 18.7% (12.5-24.9; 28 of 150 individuals) during the 5 month period. Regression analyses showed that IgG seropositivity was significantly lower in men than women and in people with diabetes or chronic diseases for CoronaVac vaccine recipients (p<0. 0001), and for individuals aged 60 years and older compared with people aged 18-39 years for both vaccines (p<0. 0001), 3-16 weeks after the second dose. Interpretation IgG seropositivity was lower after CoronaVac than after BNT162b2 and declined over time since vaccination for CoronaVac recipients but not BNT162b2 recipients. Prolonged IgG monitoring will allow further evaluation of seropositivity overtime, providing data, in conjunction with effectiveness studies, for possible future re-assessment of vaccination strategies.