The role of continents on the global surface temperature of an Earth-like planet
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Rojo Rubke, Patricio
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The role of continents on the global surface temperature of an Earth-like planet
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Abstract
La habitabilidad, es decir, la capacidad de un planeta para sostener vida, est´a intr´ınsecamente
ligada a la presencia de agua l´ıquida, la cual, a su vez, depende de la temperatura. La
distancia entre un planeta y su estrella anfitriona es el principal par´ametro aparente para
determinar estas temperaturas. Sin embargo, los entornos geodin´amicos y geof´ısicos tambi´en
impactan significativamente en la habitabilidad de un planeta (Lammer et al., 2009).
Estos entornos abarcan numerosos factores que pueden modificar la temperatura de un
planeta, como la composici´on de su atm´osfera (gases de efecto invernadero) y la composici´on
de su superficie (hielo marino, glaciares, oc´eanos, tierra continental, etc.). Estudios recientes
han revelado la influencia de la composici´on superficial planetaria en la climatolog´ıa de
mundos rocosos (Madden and Kaltenegger, 2020). En consecuencia, este estudio propone
investigar c´omo las alteraciones en la distribuci´on de masas terrestres pueden afectar la
temperatura de un planeta y, por ende, su habitabilidad.
Para llevar a cabo esta investigaci´on, utilizamos Planet Simulator (PlaSim), un modelo
de circulaci´on general de complejidad intermedia dise˜nado para la Tierra y otros cuerpos
planetarios. Mediante un cambio gradual en la superficie continental, exploramos c´omo estas
modificaciones afectan la temperatura de un planeta similar a la Tierra.
Al eliminar diferentes continentes, observamos que el albedo superficial y la interacci´on
entre la superficie y la atm´osfera son modificados directamente. Resultando en un cambio
tanto en la temperatura superficial como en el albedo planetario.
Descubrimos que en general, la extracci´on de continentes provoca un aumento en la
contribuci´on de la atm´osfera al albedo planetario. Sin embargo, la contribuci´on espec´ıfica
tanto de la atm´osfera como de la superficie al albedo planetario presenta un alto grado
de complejidad, influenciado por par´ametros como la ubicaci´on y ´area de los continentes
extra´ıdos.
Por otro lado, la temperatura superficial est´a influenciada por el fen´omeno conocido
como ’continentalidad’, la cual afecta principalmente continentes grandes en altas latitudes
permiti´endonos inferir que planetas con excentricidad de 23° que posean estos continentes
presentar´an temperaturas m´as fr´ıas que los planetas que no los poseen. Habitability, the ability of a planet to support life, is intrinsically linked to the presence
of liquid water, which, in turn, depends on temperature. The distance between a planet and
its host star is the apparent main parameter in determining these temperatures. However,
geodynamic and geophysical environments, also significantly impact a planet’s habitability
(Lammer et al., 2009).
These environments encompass numerous factors that can modify the temperature of a
planet, such as the composition of its atmosphere (greenhouse gases) and its composition’s
surface (sea ice, glaciers, oceans, continental land, etc.). Recent studies have revealed the
profound influence of planetary surface composition on the climatology of rocky worlds
(Madden and Kaltenegger, 2020). Consequently, this study proposes to investigate how
alterations in the distribution of landmasses can affect a planet’s temperature and, by
extension, its habitability.
To conduct this investigation, we employed Planet Simulator (PlaSim), a general circulation
model of intermediate complexity designed for the Earth and other planetary bodies. By
performing a gradual change in the continental surface, we explore how these modifications
affect the temperature of an Earth-like planet.
When different continents are removed, we observe that the surface albedo and the
interaction between the surface and the atmosphere are directly modified, resulting in a
change in both surface temperature and planetary albedo.
We find that, overall, the removal of continents leads to an increase in the contribution
of the atmosphere to the planetary albedo. However, the specific contribution of both the
atmosphere and the surface to the planetary albedo presents a high degree of complexity,
influenced by parameters such as the location and area of the removed continents.
On the other hand, the surface temperature is influenced by the phenomenon known as
’continentality’, which primarily affects large continents at high latitudes. This allows us
to infer that planets with an eccentricity of 23° possessing these continents will have colder
temperatures than planets that do not possess them.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias, Mención Astronomía
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URI: https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/199711
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