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“El municipalismo del Frente Amplio chileno: análisis del cambio de los modos de gobernanza local durante las alcaldías frenteamplistas en Maipú y Ñuñoa (2021-2024)”

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2025
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Heiss Bendersky, Claudia
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“El municipalismo del Frente Amplio chileno: análisis del cambio de los modos de gobernanza local durante las alcaldías frenteamplistas en Maipú y Ñuñoa (2021-2024)”
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Author
  • Palacios Cerón, Luis Andrés;
Professor Advisor
  • Heiss Bendersky, Claudia;
Abstract
El “nuevo municipalismo”, entendido como una respuesta a la crisis urbano-capitalista que busca democratizar las instituciones e impulsar políticas progresistas desde el municipio, ha ganado terreno en Chile. Si bien Recoleta y Valparaíso fueron sus experiencias pioneras, en las elecciones de 2021 emergieron las primeras alcaldías del Frente Amplio (FA) constituido como coalición, las cuales adoptaron un discurso municipalista. Esta investigación se pregunta de qué forma las alcaldías del FA en Maipú y Ñuñoa (2021-2024) cambiaron los modos de gobernanza local, en consonancia con el nuevo municipalismo. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa que combinó la revisión de documentos con entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave, a fin de analizar el alcance de las políticas locales y los mecanismos participativos impulsados, y examinar las limitaciones enfrentadas. Los resultados evidencian un cambio moderado en la gobernanza local, reflejado en la revitalización de lo público mediante el mejoramiento de servicios municipales existentes y la realización de instancias participativas consultivas. Sin embargo, la baja municipalización de nuevos servicios, la persistencia de alianzas público-privadas y los avances limitados en regulación y planificación territorial responden, principalmente, a restricciones políticas, económicas, culturales e institucionales que dificultaron la implementación de una agenda transformadora.
 
The “new municipalism,” understood as a response to the urban-capitalist crisis that seeks to democratize institutions and promote progressive policies from the municipal level, has gained traction in Chile. While Recoleta and Valparaíso were its pioneering experiences, the 2021 municipal elections marked the emergence of the first administrations led by the Frente Amplio (FA) as a political coalition, which adopted a municipalist discourse. This research explores how the FA-led municipalities of Maipú and Ñuñoa (2021–2024) transformed local governance modes in line with the principles of new municipalism. A qualitative methodology was employed, combining document analysis with semi-structured interviews with key actors, to assess the scope of local policies and participatory mechanisms implemented, and to examine the main constraints encountered. The findings reveal a moderate change in local governance, reflected in the revitalization of the public sphere through the improvement of existing municipal services and the promotion of consultative participatory initiatives. However, the limited municipalization of new services, the persistence of public–private partnerships, and modest advances in regulation and territorial planning are mainly explained by political, economic, cultural, and institutional constraints that hindered the implementation of a transformative policy agenda.
 
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencia Política
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URI: https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/209860
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