Influence of the presence of Ca in the cathode buffer layer on the performance and stability of organic photovoltaic cells using a branched sexithienylenevinylene oligomer as electron donor

Abstract

A new branched sexithienylene vinylene oligomer, (E)-bis-1,2-(5,5-dimethyl-(2,2:3,2-terthiophene)vinylene (BSTV), was synthesized, characterized, and used as the electron donor in a planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell (OPVC). The OPVC utilized fullerene (C-60) as the electron acceptor, ITO-coated glass as the anode, and aluminum as the cathode. Hybrid electrode buffer layers of MoO3/CuI on the anode side and of Alq(3)/Ca on the cathode side were used. This shows the effectiveness of the bilayer Alq(3)/Ca as a cathode buffer layer. The thickness of the Ca layer and its effect on the performance and lifetime of the OPVCs were studied. It was found that an Alq(3)/Ca structure with 6nm of Alq(3) and 3nm of Ca has an efficiency () of 2.28%, while a device without Ca has an efficiency of only 1.47%. Combining an optimized thickness of the new donor BSTV (22nm) together with the bilayer cathode buffer layer, a device having an open-circuit voltage, V-oc of 0.84V, a short-circuit current, J(sc) of 3.60mAcm(-2), and a fill factor, FF of 50% was achieved. However, the efficiency of the OPV with Ca decreases rapidly during the first hours of air exposure, resulting in device performance that is similar to a device fabricated without Ca. After this initial degradation, device performance for both types of OPV evolves similarly with continued air exposure.