The complex, dusty narrow-line region of NGC 4388: Gas-jet interactions, outflows and extinction revealed by near-IR spectroscopy

Abstract

We present Gemini/GNIRS (Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph) spectroscopy of the Seyfert2 galaxy NGC 4388, with simultaneous coverage from 0.85 to 2.5μm. Several spatiallyextended emission lines are detected for the first time, both in the obscured and unobscuredportion of the optical narrow-line region (NLR), allowing us to assess the combined effectsof the central continuum source, outflowing gas and shocks generated by the radio jet onthe central 280 pc gas. The HIand [FeII] lines allow us to map the extinction affecting theNLR. We found that the nuclear region is heavily obscured, withE(B−V)∼1.9 mag. Tothe NE of the nucleus and up to∼150 pc, the extinction remains large,∼1 mag or larger,consistent with the system of dust lanes seen in optical imaging. We derived position–velocitydiagrams for the most prominent lines as well as for the stellar component. Only the moleculargas and the stellar component display a well-organized pattern consistent with disc rotation.Other emission lines are kinematically perturbed or show little evidence of rotation. Extendedhigh-ionization emission of sulphur, silicon and calcium is observed to distances of at least200 pc both NE and SW of the nucleus. We compared flux ratios between these lines withphotoionization models and conclude that radiation from the central source alone cannotexplain the observed high-ionization spectrum. Shocks between the radio jet and the ambientgas are very likely an additional source of excitation. We conclude that NGC 4388 is a primelaboratory to study the interplay between all these mechanisms.