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Diseño de un Sistema HACCP para una línea homogenarizadora de miel de abeja granel para exportación.
(Universidad de ChilePrograma Cybertesis, 2006)
Estudio de factibilidad técnico-económica de una planta procesadora de miel de abejas (Apis mellifica) en la VI región
(Universidad de ChileCyberDocs, 2006)
Gestión sanitaria de colmenas para polinización: incorporación de metodologías de monitoreo y análisis
(Universisdad de Chile, 2016)
La abeja de miel, Apis melifera, es el polinizador mas frecuentemente utilizados en huertos comerciales en la Región Metropolitana, sin embargo la población de estas abejas se enfrentan a la actualidad a patógenos como Varroa destructor y Nosena spp...
Evaluación de la acumulación del insecticida clorpirifos en abejas domésticas (Apis mellifera) suministrado vía oral crónica, mediante métodos analíticos basados en cromatografía líquida de alta resolución
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
Las abejas productoras de miel, en particular de la especie Apis Mellifera, se alimentan de una amplia variedad de vegetales y fuentes de agua, por ende, interactúan constantemente con el medioambiente. En consecuencia, tanto los subproductos como...
Honeybees, especially those of the species Apis mellifera, feed on a wide variety of vegetables and water sources from different locations and therefore constantly interact with the environment around the hive. Consequently, both the by-products and the bee itself are used as environmental bioindicators for the monitoring of contaminants, such as heavy metals, radionuclides, and pesticides. In Chile, the exponential growth in the import of pesticides is related to the “boom” of the agricultural industry in the sixties. Because of this, the increase in the sale of these pollutants occurred in an unregulated environment of free trade and easy access, accompanied by a lack of knowledge about the correct use of pesticides, their impact on human and environmental health. To date, chlorpyrifos is one of the most commercialized nationwide insecticides and, is also one of the organophosphate pesticides that, due to its high lipophilicity, tends to bioaccumulate in the fatty tissues of bees at sublethal levels, producing a wide variety of abnormal behavior and even in the medium term, death. This thesis shows a toxicological and analytical study to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos in domestic bees, as well as the bioaccumulation in them. To this end, an analytical method was validated for the determination of this insecticide at trace levels in domestic bees (collected in Peumo, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins Region); based on MSPD and HPLC-DAD. The LOQ of the method was 9.0 ng of chlorpyrifos per bee. Recoveries were greater than or equal to 79% with an RSD < 7%. On the other hand, bees were subjected to tests acute oral toxicity for 48 hours and chronic for 10 days, obtaining a LD50 of 2.53 μg/g and a LCD50 of 0.72 μg/g, respectively. Only the group of bees subjected to an intermediate dose of chlorpyrifos in the chronic trial, but with the highest average daily feed intake, presented quantifiable concentrations of the insecticide (23 ng/bee). While in bees that were exposed for 16 days, concentrations between 25 and 175 ng/bee were presented. According to the toxicological study, chlorpyrifos could be considered as a pesticide whose toxicity is reinforced over time. This result is consistent with the exponential bioaccumulation in bees obtained by analytical determination. However, due to the biases observed during the chronic toxicology trial this result is inconclusive...
Honeybees, especially those of the species Apis mellifera, feed on a wide variety of vegetables and water sources from different locations and therefore constantly interact with the environment around the hive. Consequently, both the by-products and the bee itself are used as environmental bioindicators for the monitoring of contaminants, such as heavy metals, radionuclides, and pesticides. In Chile, the exponential growth in the import of pesticides is related to the “boom” of the agricultural industry in the sixties. Because of this, the increase in the sale of these pollutants occurred in an unregulated environment of free trade and easy access, accompanied by a lack of knowledge about the correct use of pesticides, their impact on human and environmental health. To date, chlorpyrifos is one of the most commercialized nationwide insecticides and, is also one of the organophosphate pesticides that, due to its high lipophilicity, tends to bioaccumulate in the fatty tissues of bees at sublethal levels, producing a wide variety of abnormal behavior and even in the medium term, death. This thesis shows a toxicological and analytical study to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos in domestic bees, as well as the bioaccumulation in them. To this end, an analytical method was validated for the determination of this insecticide at trace levels in domestic bees (collected in Peumo, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins Region); based on MSPD and HPLC-DAD. The LOQ of the method was 9.0 ng of chlorpyrifos per bee. Recoveries were greater than or equal to 79% with an RSD < 7%. On the other hand, bees were subjected to tests acute oral toxicity for 48 hours and chronic for 10 days, obtaining a LD50 of 2.53 μg/g and a LCD50 of 0.72 μg/g, respectively. Only the group of bees subjected to an intermediate dose of chlorpyrifos in the chronic trial, but with the highest average daily feed intake, presented quantifiable concentrations of the insecticide (23 ng/bee). While in bees that were exposed for 16 days, concentrations between 25 and 175 ng/bee were presented. According to the toxicological study, chlorpyrifos could be considered as a pesticide whose toxicity is reinforced over time. This result is consistent with the exponential bioaccumulation in bees obtained by analytical determination. However, due to the biases observed during the chronic toxicology trial this result is inconclusive...
Desarrollo de nueces (Juglans regia) de la variedad semilla California recubiertas con miel
(Universidad de ChileCyberDocs, 2006)
Herramienta para la extracción de cera de abejas
(Universidad de ChilePrograma Cybertesis, 2006)
Carrera De Diseño Industrial
HERRAMIENTA PARA LA EXTRACCION DE CERA DE ABEJAS
Herramienta Para La Extracción De Cera De Abejas 1
A TODOS QUIENES ME APOYARON
INCONDICIONALMENTE, GRACIAS POR SU
COMPRENSIÓN, SU CARIÑO Y SU...
ENTREGA, POR SU PACIENCIA EN LOS MOMENTOS DIFICILES, GRACIAS POR ESTAR AHÍ…………GRACIAS…. LOS QUIERO DE VERDAD…. Herramienta Para La Extracción De Cera De Abejas 2 INDICE • Herramienta Para La Extracción De Cera De Abejas...
ENTREGA, POR SU PACIENCIA EN LOS MOMENTOS DIFICILES, GRACIAS POR ESTAR AHÍ…………GRACIAS…. LOS QUIERO DE VERDAD…. Herramienta Para La Extracción De Cera De Abejas 2 INDICE • Herramienta Para La Extracción De Cera De Abejas...
Distribución de abejas en Chile y su uso para medir zonas de riesgo para la biodiversidad dada la presencia de conflictos socioambientales
(Universidad de Chile., 2021)
de uso del suelo, y la falta de políticas de manejo y conservación. El declive drástico de las poblaciones de insectos, entre ellos las abejas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), es un ejemplo destacado de este problema. La pérdida de insectos trae consigo...
Biodiversity loss is a priority environmental problem to be solved. Among the causes of the decline in biodiversity are factors such as land use change, climate change and the scarcity of adequate conservation and management policies. The drastic decline of insect populations, including bees (i.e., Hymenoptera: Apoidea), is a dramatic example of this problem. This has negative consequences for the ecosystem services provided by insects, such as pollination. In the case of Chile, there are areas globally-acknowledged for concentrating a considerable portion of diversity and endemism of native bee species, which, makes them priority regions for bee conservation. Unfortunately, Chile’s extractivist economic model, biodiversity information gaps as well as biases in environmental decision-making are currently deteriorating local ecosystems and generating severe socio-environmental conflicts (SEC). This crisis may also endanger local bee diversity if SEC areas are overlapped with the regions where bee richness is concentrated. In this work we explore the relationship between current SEC and the updated distribution of bee richness found Chile. The objective was to identify the areas that present the greatest risk for the richness of bee species in the country, being the criteria those areas that present a high concentration of SEC-generating projects and a greater richness of bee species. It was found that bee diversity risk zones are mainly found within the ecoregions that are located in the center-north of the country, more specifically within Coquimbo (IV), Valparaiso (V), Metropolitan Region (RM) and Bernardo O'Higgins (VI) regions. Based on these findings, we discuss on the potential consequences of the superposition between SEC and the areas where the higher bee richness was found for the conservation of these key pollinators. Moreover, the importance of explicitly incorporating native insects in environmental policies is discussed in order to contribute to deaccelerate the loss of their populations and the decline of biodiversity in general....
Biodiversity loss is a priority environmental problem to be solved. Among the causes of the decline in biodiversity are factors such as land use change, climate change and the scarcity of adequate conservation and management policies. The drastic decline of insect populations, including bees (i.e., Hymenoptera: Apoidea), is a dramatic example of this problem. This has negative consequences for the ecosystem services provided by insects, such as pollination. In the case of Chile, there are areas globally-acknowledged for concentrating a considerable portion of diversity and endemism of native bee species, which, makes them priority regions for bee conservation. Unfortunately, Chile’s extractivist economic model, biodiversity information gaps as well as biases in environmental decision-making are currently deteriorating local ecosystems and generating severe socio-environmental conflicts (SEC). This crisis may also endanger local bee diversity if SEC areas are overlapped with the regions where bee richness is concentrated. In this work we explore the relationship between current SEC and the updated distribution of bee richness found Chile. The objective was to identify the areas that present the greatest risk for the richness of bee species in the country, being the criteria those areas that present a high concentration of SEC-generating projects and a greater richness of bee species. It was found that bee diversity risk zones are mainly found within the ecoregions that are located in the center-north of the country, more specifically within Coquimbo (IV), Valparaiso (V), Metropolitan Region (RM) and Bernardo O'Higgins (VI) regions. Based on these findings, we discuss on the potential consequences of the superposition between SEC and the areas where the higher bee richness was found for the conservation of these key pollinators. Moreover, the importance of explicitly incorporating native insects in environmental policies is discussed in order to contribute to deaccelerate the loss of their populations and the decline of biodiversity in general....
Efectos de las Apoidea nativas sobre la polinización y rendimiento de huertos de palto a escala local y de paisaje en la Región Metropolitana, Chile.
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
variables locales como la composición de las especies de polinizadores y el huerto específico involucrado. Este trabajo pretende determinar el efecto de las abejas nativas y Apis mellifera sobre la polinización y rendimiento de tres huertos de palto (Persea...
The diversity of native Apoidea is closely associated with the landscape structure that surrounds the orchards. However, the extent to which habitat variables influence the magnitude of the pollination process seems to depend on local variables such as the pollinator species composition and the specific orchard involved. This work aims to determine the effect of native bees and Apis mellifera on pollination and yield of three avocado (Persea americana Mill) orchards in the Chilean Metropolitan Region, both at local and landscape scales. To this end, three agroecosystems with different landscape structure were studied to inquire into the way landscape configuration influence bee taxonomic diversity, functional traits, and visitation rate of native bee communities and A. mellifera. In addition, the influence of A. mellifera hives on the pollination of plant species surrounding the avocado orchards were studied. Finally, native bees and A. mellifera were compared in terms of their pollination efficiency and yield for commercial avocado orchards. At each orchard, the surrounding vegetation was recorded and bee visitation rate on avocado individuals was recorded at increasing distance from the border, at the las using the insect exclusion method to count the amount of fruit produced as a direct effect of the intervention of native bees. Our results indicate a higher bee taxonomic diversity in semi-natural habitats at high surface temperatures and near citrus crops. As expected, bee visitation rate was higher in sites with high flowering plant species richness and high bee abundance. However, bee visits to the surrounding flora decreased with the presence of A. mellifera hives. Finally, A mellifera showed a lower pollination rate compared to native bee groups in avocado crops. However, A. mellifera visited more avocado flowers than native bees, in part because hives are massively introduced to crops for yield increase. In conclusion, we found that proper management of the agricultural landscape can regulate the decline of native bee biodiversity and at the same time increase the number of pollinators in the crops. The saturation of crops with A. mellifera hives may affecting yields, suggesting that an adequate management of self-managed hives may increase native bee population numbers, which in turn may improve avocado yields. This study contributes to the overall idea of integrating all the variables in a sustainable model of agricultural production, where habitat structure improves the environmental services of native bees for the production of avocado orchards in central Chile, an area largely modified by human disturbance....
The diversity of native Apoidea is closely associated with the landscape structure that surrounds the orchards. However, the extent to which habitat variables influence the magnitude of the pollination process seems to depend on local variables such as the pollinator species composition and the specific orchard involved. This work aims to determine the effect of native bees and Apis mellifera on pollination and yield of three avocado (Persea americana Mill) orchards in the Chilean Metropolitan Region, both at local and landscape scales. To this end, three agroecosystems with different landscape structure were studied to inquire into the way landscape configuration influence bee taxonomic diversity, functional traits, and visitation rate of native bee communities and A. mellifera. In addition, the influence of A. mellifera hives on the pollination of plant species surrounding the avocado orchards were studied. Finally, native bees and A. mellifera were compared in terms of their pollination efficiency and yield for commercial avocado orchards. At each orchard, the surrounding vegetation was recorded and bee visitation rate on avocado individuals was recorded at increasing distance from the border, at the las using the insect exclusion method to count the amount of fruit produced as a direct effect of the intervention of native bees. Our results indicate a higher bee taxonomic diversity in semi-natural habitats at high surface temperatures and near citrus crops. As expected, bee visitation rate was higher in sites with high flowering plant species richness and high bee abundance. However, bee visits to the surrounding flora decreased with the presence of A. mellifera hives. Finally, A mellifera showed a lower pollination rate compared to native bee groups in avocado crops. However, A. mellifera visited more avocado flowers than native bees, in part because hives are massively introduced to crops for yield increase. In conclusion, we found that proper management of the agricultural landscape can regulate the decline of native bee biodiversity and at the same time increase the number of pollinators in the crops. The saturation of crops with A. mellifera hives may affecting yields, suggesting that an adequate management of self-managed hives may increase native bee population numbers, which in turn may improve avocado yields. This study contributes to the overall idea of integrating all the variables in a sustainable model of agricultural production, where habitat structure improves the environmental services of native bees for the production of avocado orchards in central Chile, an area largely modified by human disturbance....