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Determinación de metales pesados en los sedimentos de los ríos Elqui y Cachapoal
(Universidad de Chile, 2006)
información sobre la distribución de metales pesados (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn,Pb,Fe y
Al) en los sedimento de dichos ríos.
El estudio se realizó mediante un análisis de especiación sucesiva a partir del método de
extracción secuencial de Tessier. Este método...
Impacto de la remoción de pasivos mineros en crecidas y aluviones: aplicación a la cuenca del Río Illapel
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
minas y tranques de relave abandonados, los cuales son un foco importante de riesgo de contaminación para el medio ambiente y la salud de las personas. La contaminación de tranques de relave ha sido foco de numerosos estudios. En este contexto, se...
"Damasco & Co."
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
Chile es el principal consumidor de prendas de vestir de la región, con un promedio de
cincuenta prendas al año por habitante, por otra parte, según datos obtenidos por la
consultora Ipsos en su encuesta sobre cambio climático, Chile es el segundo...
Decisiones sobre los depósitos de relaves: Investigación y diseño en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
Durante la última década, el interés por los relaves mineros aumentó debido a grandes desastres socioambientales en Chile y el mundo. El propósito de esta investigación fue adentrarse a una comprensión sociológica sobre las tendencias que siguen las...
Distribución y comportamiento de la contaminación fotoquímica por ozono, y sus precursores, en la región de Valparaíso, durante el período estival 2010
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
El problema de la contaminación fotoquímica representa un gran desafío en
cuanto a tecnologías de abatimiento y planificación urbana se refiere, ya que por ser
de tipo secundaria, es necesario conocer la dinámica de sus precursores para poder...
The problem of photochem¡cal pollution is a ma.ior challenge for the abatement technologies and urban planning because as ¡t ¡s of a secondary type, the dynamics of its precursors should be known in order to deal w¡th it. This study analyzed data from concentrat¡on of ozone and its precursors (NOx and VOCs) measured during a monitoring campaign in the summer of 2010, spec¡f¡cally between 16 to 26 March, in 4 locations ¡n the Region of ValparaÍso (Viña del Mar, Villa Alemana, Quillota and Los Andes), to determine if there is transport phenomena within the reg¡on and the relat¡ve contribution of its precursors by the use of propylene-equivalent rate and the Max¡mum lncremental Reactivity scale (MrR). The stat¡on recorded that the highest ozone levels correspond to Los Andes, even though it had the lowest concentrations of ¡ts precursors. For the 4 studied locations in the reg¡on, the formation of ozone was l¡mited by VOC, and it was determined that the chem¡cal families of VOCs that most highly contribute to ozone format¡on correspond to alkenes, aromatics and benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX). Furthermore, the rat¡o m,p_xileno / ethylbenzene established that the Los Andes has the aging atmosphere, wh¡ch accounts for the hypothesis that regional transportat¡on generated by wind patterns ¡s correct. xv F¡nally, the study revealed useful ¡nformation on the distribution of environmental ozone concentrat¡on in the region, contributing with the knowledge for policy making in generating measures to reduce photochemical pollutants....
The problem of photochem¡cal pollution is a ma.ior challenge for the abatement technologies and urban planning because as ¡t ¡s of a secondary type, the dynamics of its precursors should be known in order to deal w¡th it. This study analyzed data from concentrat¡on of ozone and its precursors (NOx and VOCs) measured during a monitoring campaign in the summer of 2010, spec¡f¡cally between 16 to 26 March, in 4 locations ¡n the Region of ValparaÍso (Viña del Mar, Villa Alemana, Quillota and Los Andes), to determine if there is transport phenomena within the reg¡on and the relat¡ve contribution of its precursors by the use of propylene-equivalent rate and the Max¡mum lncremental Reactivity scale (MrR). The stat¡on recorded that the highest ozone levels correspond to Los Andes, even though it had the lowest concentrations of ¡ts precursors. For the 4 studied locations in the reg¡on, the formation of ozone was l¡mited by VOC, and it was determined that the chem¡cal families of VOCs that most highly contribute to ozone format¡on correspond to alkenes, aromatics and benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX). Furthermore, the rat¡o m,p_xileno / ethylbenzene established that the Los Andes has the aging atmosphere, wh¡ch accounts for the hypothesis that regional transportat¡on generated by wind patterns ¡s correct. xv F¡nally, the study revealed useful ¡nformation on the distribution of environmental ozone concentrat¡on in the region, contributing with the knowledge for policy making in generating measures to reduce photochemical pollutants....
Segregación urbana en zonas de sacrificio, caso de estudio comuna de Puchuncaví
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
este contexto, en Chile, la agenda sobre conflictos de sostenibilidad urbana y ambiental comienza a ser ocupada progresivamente por el problema de las llamadas “zonas de sacrificio”. Se trata de localidades inicialmente pequeñas, pero que con el paso de...
Since the mid-twentieth century, many Latin American cities have experienced a momentum of industrialization and added to the absence of regulation of urban development, has caused negative impacts on the environmental and social environments. Within this context, in Chile the agenda on urban and environmental sustainability conflicts comes about to be progressive due to the problem of the so-called "sacrificial zones". These are initially small towns, but over the decades they have turn into highly complex as well as disorganized urban poles. Puchuncaví is part of the localities named sacrifice zones in Chile, it is a city of minor rank, known in the media for its environmental and labor conflicts and damage to the public health of its population. In terms of urbanism and territorial planning, it reports specific socio-spatial and important problems, which this thesis seeks to investigate. These socio-spatial problems are associated with the expansion over time of its character as a polluting productive enclave, which at the same time is marked by segregation and internal inequality of its residential urban development. For this reason, it seeks to investigate the patterns of urban structuring, marked by a pattern of segregation on a small scale, where interior urban environmental degradation is organized stratified by social groups and residential neighborhoods of different social status, through a mixed, quantitative, qualitative space approach, from a bibliographical discussion, comparative studies, spatialized diagnosis, and interviews with key actors, to analyze their relationship and how it impacts on the urban space built in Puchuncaví....
Since the mid-twentieth century, many Latin American cities have experienced a momentum of industrialization and added to the absence of regulation of urban development, has caused negative impacts on the environmental and social environments. Within this context, in Chile the agenda on urban and environmental sustainability conflicts comes about to be progressive due to the problem of the so-called "sacrificial zones". These are initially small towns, but over the decades they have turn into highly complex as well as disorganized urban poles. Puchuncaví is part of the localities named sacrifice zones in Chile, it is a city of minor rank, known in the media for its environmental and labor conflicts and damage to the public health of its population. In terms of urbanism and territorial planning, it reports specific socio-spatial and important problems, which this thesis seeks to investigate. These socio-spatial problems are associated with the expansion over time of its character as a polluting productive enclave, which at the same time is marked by segregation and internal inequality of its residential urban development. For this reason, it seeks to investigate the patterns of urban structuring, marked by a pattern of segregation on a small scale, where interior urban environmental degradation is organized stratified by social groups and residential neighborhoods of different social status, through a mixed, quantitative, qualitative space approach, from a bibliographical discussion, comparative studies, spatialized diagnosis, and interviews with key actors, to analyze their relationship and how it impacts on the urban space built in Puchuncaví....
Análisis sobre normas y acciones para la conservación de la biodiversidad
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
el uso del suelo, siendo uno de los factores claves (tanto positiva como negativamente) para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Analizamos las principales normas sobre planificación territorial relacionadas con el medio ambiente y de qué manera...
Estimación de la contaminación ambiental por plaguicidas en suelos agrícolas de la Isla de Pascua, V región
(Universidad de Chile, 2007)
aportes continuos a
los suelos. Una proporción importante de la masa aplicada sobre los cultivos no llega al
blanco, pudiendo ser movilizado hacia otros compartimentos del medio ambiente, donde
los eventos de precipitación sumados a las características...
Easter Island (27,9"5, 109,27"W) presents a use of agricultural soil of a 29,5 %, these are above the requireme ts of the agricultural use of the soil for the island. Fruit and vegetable crops predominate, therefore, pesticides are used constantly to attack pests ald obtain a good crop achievement, The constant application of pesticides specifically insecticides and fungicides of commercial brands known as Tamarón, Dimetoato, Decis a¡.td Bravo are continuous contributions to the soil. An important proportion ofthe applied substance on the crops does not get to the target pests, thus it is moved towa¡ds other environmental compartments, where the weather conditions added to the physical characteristics ofthe soil favors leaching. In order to asses and estimate the potential environmental impact of pesticides used in agriculture, it was proposed to determine which are those pesticides that are being used by means ofa land survey. The concentrations ofthese chemical products were analyzed together with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils, to estimate the environmental contamination of these pesticides. To value the risk of each pesticide a matrix was generated, considering its toxicity, charge provided and frequency of use. Pesticides considered with a high risk for the envi¡onment associated to the highest scores were: Methamidophos, Dimethoate and Chlorothalonil. In five different land properties, mixed samples of soils were taken, from the superficial and 50 cr¡. layer. Two owners used Metamidophos, one used Dimethoate and two used Chlorothalonil. Each land property was georeferenced with a GPS and their physical properties were andyzed. Samples were taken to the laboratory where the concentration of the pesticides were determined using an assisted microwave liquid-solid extraction a¡d its late¡ quantification through Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chomatog¡aphy (HPLC). Finally the physicochemical properties of the soil were analyzed and the studies of adsorption and desorption of the pesticides in each soil. With the obtained results it was observed that all the land properties have a minimum erosion soil, but with a high erodability and sensitivity. They are located between 90 and 30 m. over sea level with typical characteristics of volcanic soils, such as acid pH and high organic matter. The th¡ee pesticides were observed in the soils having in some cases a higher concentration on the deeper layers. This means that pesticides are being mobilized and capable of reaching underground waters. After the results obtained in this study, it is expected to contribute to a better knowledge ofthe effects over the environment that happens within agricultural activities...
Easter Island (27,9"5, 109,27"W) presents a use of agricultural soil of a 29,5 %, these are above the requireme ts of the agricultural use of the soil for the island. Fruit and vegetable crops predominate, therefore, pesticides are used constantly to attack pests ald obtain a good crop achievement, The constant application of pesticides specifically insecticides and fungicides of commercial brands known as Tamarón, Dimetoato, Decis a¡.td Bravo are continuous contributions to the soil. An important proportion ofthe applied substance on the crops does not get to the target pests, thus it is moved towa¡ds other environmental compartments, where the weather conditions added to the physical characteristics ofthe soil favors leaching. In order to asses and estimate the potential environmental impact of pesticides used in agriculture, it was proposed to determine which are those pesticides that are being used by means ofa land survey. The concentrations ofthese chemical products were analyzed together with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils, to estimate the environmental contamination of these pesticides. To value the risk of each pesticide a matrix was generated, considering its toxicity, charge provided and frequency of use. Pesticides considered with a high risk for the envi¡onment associated to the highest scores were: Methamidophos, Dimethoate and Chlorothalonil. In five different land properties, mixed samples of soils were taken, from the superficial and 50 cr¡. layer. Two owners used Metamidophos, one used Dimethoate and two used Chlorothalonil. Each land property was georeferenced with a GPS and their physical properties were andyzed. Samples were taken to the laboratory where the concentration of the pesticides were determined using an assisted microwave liquid-solid extraction a¡d its late¡ quantification through Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chomatog¡aphy (HPLC). Finally the physicochemical properties of the soil were analyzed and the studies of adsorption and desorption of the pesticides in each soil. With the obtained results it was observed that all the land properties have a minimum erosion soil, but with a high erodability and sensitivity. They are located between 90 and 30 m. over sea level with typical characteristics of volcanic soils, such as acid pH and high organic matter. The th¡ee pesticides were observed in the soils having in some cases a higher concentration on the deeper layers. This means that pesticides are being mobilized and capable of reaching underground waters. After the results obtained in this study, it is expected to contribute to a better knowledge ofthe effects over the environment that happens within agricultural activities...
Contaminación atmosférica en Coyhaique : factores condicionantes, características y comportamiento histórico espacial del MP10 y MP2.5
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
la ciudad con su estrecha relación
a la planificación urbana.
Palabras Claves: Contaminación atmosférica, Medioambiente, Material particulado, Plan de
Descontaminación Ambiental, Institucionalidad Ambiental de Chile.
Eduardo Javier Gallardo...
.3- PLANES DE DESCONTAMINACIÓN AMBIENTAL COMO RESPUESTA INSTITUCIONAL FRENTE A LA CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA ........................................... 39 2.3.1- El caso de Coyhaique...
.3- PLANES DE DESCONTAMINACIÓN AMBIENTAL COMO RESPUESTA INSTITUCIONAL FRENTE A LA CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA ........................................... 39 2.3.1- El caso de Coyhaique...
Implementación de un protocolo de contaminación con Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis en carne de pescado fresca congelada y ahumada
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
, mantenida 10 días a temperatura de refrigeración y ambiente. Las variables analizadas fueron: presentación de los alimentos (molido y laminado) y técnica de contaminación (goteo con y sin homogeneización). En cada protocolo se determinó la menor dosis...