Advanced Search
Now showing items 51-60 of 360
La Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile entrega información valiosa para la planificación de políticas de salud. Análisis de la Nefropatía Diabética como indicador de ahorro potencial
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2015)
Costo directo3
Producto interno bruto (PIB) Chile 2013
2.418 (2.875)
2.123 (2.524)
295 (351)
277.200 (329.591)
B. Número de individuos chilenos con nefropatía diabética2 32.000
C. Ahorro por retraso de inicio de diálisis por...
con losartán4 17 E. Número de pacientes bajo tratamiento con losartán que retrasarían su ingreso a diálisis en Chile 1.882 F. Ahorro total por retraso de diálisis. (Millones US$) 29 (34) G. Costo ENS 2009 (Millones US$)2 0,82 (0...
con losartán4 17 E. Número de pacientes bajo tratamiento con losartán que retrasarían su ingreso a diálisis en Chile 1.882 F. Ahorro total por retraso de diálisis. (Millones US$) 29 (34) G. Costo ENS 2009 (Millones US$)2 0,82 (0...
Parte III. Terapia de sellado antimicrobiano, citrato y otras alternativas en la prevención de la infección de los catéteres venosos centrales de hemodiálisis
(Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2015)
S 100 www.sochinf.cl Rev Chilena Infectol 2015; 32 (Supl 2): S 100-S 104
Sección de Nefrología, Hospital
Clínico Universidad de Chile,
Santiago, Chile.
Conflictos de interés: Director
médico diálisis...
pueden liberarse de la matriz y diseminar la infección a localizaciones distantes. La bacteriemia asociada a CVC tunelizado de hemo- diálisis puede surgir de dos fuentes: • Migración de microorganismos desde la piel, a lo largo de la superficie...
pueden liberarse de la matriz y diseminar la infección a localizaciones distantes. La bacteriemia asociada a CVC tunelizado de hemo- diálisis puede surgir de dos fuentes: • Migración de microorganismos desde la piel, a lo largo de la superficie...
Micelas de núcleo lipídico (LCMs) para la liberación bucal de un péptido modelo de fármaco antihipertensivo a través de un film polimérico obtenido por inyección de tinta
(Universidad de Chile, 2024)
de impresión. Además, mostraron conservar mucoadhesión suficiente como para mantenerse unidos por un tiempo definido. Se dilucidaron los perfiles de liberación realizados en membrana de diálisis y a 37 °C. Se evaluó LCMs en suspensión y LCMs impresas...
Arterial hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases worldwide, primarily driven by hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin axis. It constitutes a risk factor for the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases, potentially leading to cardiac structural growth and significant intrinsic vascular changes. Recent studies have characterized the pharmacological activity of a peptide associated with the vasodilator arm of the RAS, Ang 1-9. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, it has demonstrated anti-hypertensive and anti-hypertrophic pharmacological properties. With advancements in nanotechnology and targeted drug delivery systems, lipid core micelles (LCMs) have emerged as colloidal systems with very low toxicity, showing significant results in the administration of other biological drugs. In this thesis project, LCMs associated with the model peptide for an antihypertensive drug were synthesized and inkjet-printed onto an HPMC polymeric film. The synthesized LCMs demonstrated a size smaller than 20 nm, and STEM micrographs revealed their spherical size and shape. Moreover, the formulations' PdI was less than 0.3, indicating formulations with low dispersion, positioning them as a reproducible and homogeneous system. The kinetic stability of the LCMs in suspension was evaluated, demonstrating that, like other colloidal systems, temperature affects the behavior of lipid components, triggering instability mechanisms associated with micellar systems. The mechanical and mucoadhesive properties of the films were assessed, showing an increase in material elasticity after the printing process. Additionally, they maintained sufficient mucoadhesion to remain attached for a defined period. Release profiles were elucidated using dialysis membrane at 37°C. Both suspension and printed LCMs adhered to the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Suspension LCMs exhibited an abrupt release within the first 15 minutes. Conversely, the release of printed LCMs was half that of suspension LCMs, displaying a prolonged release associated with the presence of hydrophilic polymer in the formulation. These results indicate that the formulation of printed LCMs on an oral film is a highly plausible formulation capable of administering peptides via the oral route....
Arterial hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases worldwide, primarily driven by hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin axis. It constitutes a risk factor for the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases, potentially leading to cardiac structural growth and significant intrinsic vascular changes. Recent studies have characterized the pharmacological activity of a peptide associated with the vasodilator arm of the RAS, Ang 1-9. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, it has demonstrated anti-hypertensive and anti-hypertrophic pharmacological properties. With advancements in nanotechnology and targeted drug delivery systems, lipid core micelles (LCMs) have emerged as colloidal systems with very low toxicity, showing significant results in the administration of other biological drugs. In this thesis project, LCMs associated with the model peptide for an antihypertensive drug were synthesized and inkjet-printed onto an HPMC polymeric film. The synthesized LCMs demonstrated a size smaller than 20 nm, and STEM micrographs revealed their spherical size and shape. Moreover, the formulations' PdI was less than 0.3, indicating formulations with low dispersion, positioning them as a reproducible and homogeneous system. The kinetic stability of the LCMs in suspension was evaluated, demonstrating that, like other colloidal systems, temperature affects the behavior of lipid components, triggering instability mechanisms associated with micellar systems. The mechanical and mucoadhesive properties of the films were assessed, showing an increase in material elasticity after the printing process. Additionally, they maintained sufficient mucoadhesion to remain attached for a defined period. Release profiles were elucidated using dialysis membrane at 37°C. Both suspension and printed LCMs adhered to the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Suspension LCMs exhibited an abrupt release within the first 15 minutes. Conversely, the release of printed LCMs was half that of suspension LCMs, displaying a prolonged release associated with the presence of hydrophilic polymer in the formulation. These results indicate that the formulation of printed LCMs on an oral film is a highly plausible formulation capable of administering peptides via the oral route....
Estudio de especies químicas en la Laguna Carén, Santiago (Chile)
(Universidad de Chile, 2003)
variaciones en sus pendientes.
Los muestreos de la interfaz sedimento-agua, se llevaron a cabo utilizando la
técnica de diálisis. Se determinaron espacialmente algunos iones de interés, tales
como: fosfatos, sulfuros, molibdato, manganeso, hierro, zinc, cobre...
This study was made in the Carén lagoon (33o 25' S; 70' 50'W) and the main goals were the physicochemical characterization of the water column, the determination of some chemical species of environmental interest in the water colufffr and the interface sediment-water ald the determination of vertical flux diffusive of some ions through interface sediment-water. Throughout the months of May to October 2002, several sampling of the column of water and interface sediment-water were taken. The water samples were gathered from 0 to 3 meters, using Van Dom bottles and the physicochemical characterization was carried out with a multiparametric probe. The resrft pointed out that the pH varies between '7 ,6 and 8,7, conductiüty range is between 0,69 and 2,34 mS/cm and the concentration of dissolved oxygen is between 5,4 aad 13,6 m/L. The chemical analyses carried out in this water using molecular absorption and UV-visible atomic absorption methods, showed that the major cations, in decreasing concentration order, were: sodium > magnesium > calcium > potassium, and the anions were: bicarbonate > sulfate > nitrate. The minoris chemical species were: manganese, iron, phosphate, sulfide and ammonium. The concentration profiles of these species according to the depth and time were homogeneous and did not present any important variation. Interface sediment-water sampling, was carried out using a in-situ dialysis method and some ions, such as: phosphates, sufide, molibdate, manganese, iron, ánc, copper and cadmium were analysed. UV- Visible and ICP (Spectroscopy of atomic...
This study was made in the Carén lagoon (33o 25' S; 70' 50'W) and the main goals were the physicochemical characterization of the water column, the determination of some chemical species of environmental interest in the water colufffr and the interface sediment-water ald the determination of vertical flux diffusive of some ions through interface sediment-water. Throughout the months of May to October 2002, several sampling of the column of water and interface sediment-water were taken. The water samples were gathered from 0 to 3 meters, using Van Dom bottles and the physicochemical characterization was carried out with a multiparametric probe. The resrft pointed out that the pH varies between '7 ,6 and 8,7, conductiüty range is between 0,69 and 2,34 mS/cm and the concentration of dissolved oxygen is between 5,4 aad 13,6 m/L. The chemical analyses carried out in this water using molecular absorption and UV-visible atomic absorption methods, showed that the major cations, in decreasing concentration order, were: sodium > magnesium > calcium > potassium, and the anions were: bicarbonate > sulfate > nitrate. The minoris chemical species were: manganese, iron, phosphate, sulfide and ammonium. The concentration profiles of these species according to the depth and time were homogeneous and did not present any important variation. Interface sediment-water sampling, was carried out using a in-situ dialysis method and some ions, such as: phosphates, sufide, molibdate, manganese, iron, ánc, copper and cadmium were analysed. UV- Visible and ICP (Spectroscopy of atomic...
Las directivas anticipadas en la toma de decisiones clínicas al final de la vida : conocimientos y actitudes hacia las directivas anticipadas en profesionales médicos de medicina y UCI y en pacientes con insuficiencia renal terminal en terapia de hemodiálisis, de la lV región del país
(Universidad de Chile, 2015)
.4%, instrucción
secundaria 40.4% e instrucción terciaria 19.2%. La media de años en diálisis fue 4.9
(DE 4.5) y rango de 0 a 40 años.
En relación a conocimientos, el 57.1% de los médicos respondieron tener algún
conocimiento y sus respuestas correctas a preguntas...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate upon the knowledge and attitudes towards Advance Directives, by physicians of ICU and Medicine Services, and of adult patients with chronic renal failure currently on hemodialysis, in the IV Region of the country. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. INSTRUMENT: Thirteen questions anonymous self-administered questionnaire, of closed item on knowledge and attitudes about Advance Directives for physicians and patients. STUDY POPULATION: Physicians from Medicine and ICU Hospitals from Coquimbo, La Serena and Ovalle. Patients with chronic renal failure currently undergoing hemodialysis in the communes of Coquimbo, La Serena and Ovalle, IV Region of the country. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 56 of the 62 physicians (90.3%) answered the questionnaire, the mean age was of 43.6 (SD 11.9) from a range of 28 to 70 years; 41.1% were women and 58.9 men; 73.2% were physicians from Medicine and 26.8% physicians from the ICU. Among the 468 patients, 366 (78.2%) answered the questionnaire, the mean age was 57.5, (SD 14.7) from a range of 18 to 89 years; 47.3% female and 52.7% male; 40.4% with elementary school education, 40.4% with high school education and 19.2% with college education. The average of years on dialysis was 4.9 (SD 4.5) and the range vary from 0 to 40 years. In relation to knowledge, 57.1% of physicians answered they had some knowledge and their correct answers to questions that explored these, were 71.9% to 90.6%. In patients only 3% said they had some knowledge and their correct answers to questions exploring these knowledge were 27.3% to 81.8%. In exploring attitude; doctors reveal a very positive attitude towards the use, usefulness and re spect towards Advance Directives, with average scores ranging from 8.8 to 9.5. Meanwhile, patients also show a positive attitude towards the use and usefulness of Advance Directives, with average scores ranging from 7.0 to 8.6 on a Likert scale of 0 to10....
OBJECTIVE: To investigate upon the knowledge and attitudes towards Advance Directives, by physicians of ICU and Medicine Services, and of adult patients with chronic renal failure currently on hemodialysis, in the IV Region of the country. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. INSTRUMENT: Thirteen questions anonymous self-administered questionnaire, of closed item on knowledge and attitudes about Advance Directives for physicians and patients. STUDY POPULATION: Physicians from Medicine and ICU Hospitals from Coquimbo, La Serena and Ovalle. Patients with chronic renal failure currently undergoing hemodialysis in the communes of Coquimbo, La Serena and Ovalle, IV Region of the country. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 56 of the 62 physicians (90.3%) answered the questionnaire, the mean age was of 43.6 (SD 11.9) from a range of 28 to 70 years; 41.1% were women and 58.9 men; 73.2% were physicians from Medicine and 26.8% physicians from the ICU. Among the 468 patients, 366 (78.2%) answered the questionnaire, the mean age was 57.5, (SD 14.7) from a range of 18 to 89 years; 47.3% female and 52.7% male; 40.4% with elementary school education, 40.4% with high school education and 19.2% with college education. The average of years on dialysis was 4.9 (SD 4.5) and the range vary from 0 to 40 years. In relation to knowledge, 57.1% of physicians answered they had some knowledge and their correct answers to questions that explored these, were 71.9% to 90.6%. In patients only 3% said they had some knowledge and their correct answers to questions exploring these knowledge were 27.3% to 81.8%. In exploring attitude; doctors reveal a very positive attitude towards the use, usefulness and re spect towards Advance Directives, with average scores ranging from 8.8 to 9.5. Meanwhile, patients also show a positive attitude towards the use and usefulness of Advance Directives, with average scores ranging from 7.0 to 8.6 on a Likert scale of 0 to10....
Diseño, desarrollo y caracterización de nanopartículas basadas en interacciones Π-Π fármaco-polímero para la formulación de nanomedicamentos
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
disociación (Kdis) bajas, y con perfiles de liberación prolongados determinados por los estudios de liberación in vitro (diálisis convencional y aparato USP 4). Además, se encontró un buen ajuste a la ecuación de Korsmeyer-Peppas para los perfiles de...
The administration of hydrophilic and low molecular-weight drugs constitutes a great challenge in drug delivery, especially for the therapy of chronic diseases. The partial biodistribution and rapid elimination of these active molecules limit their therapeutic efficacy and significantly increase their side effects. The inclusion of these drugs in nanostructured systems constitutes an attractive possibility by offering controllable pharmaceutical properties, greater biocompatibility and, in some cases, low cost. However, the strong interaction between these drugs and the aqueous medium compromises the success of their encapsulation. In the present investigation, a simple strategy has been proposed, by simply mixing two aqueous solutions, for the development of nanomedicines containing hydrophilic, aromatic and low molecular-weight drugs (chloroquine, amitriptyline, promethazine) with the aromatic polymer poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS). The nanoparticles obtained presented sizes in a range between 120-180 nm, low polydispersity index (0.2-0.3) and negative zeta potential (-60 to -80 mV). Interestingly, the nanoparticles presented high stability against different stimulates such as variation in ionic strength, pH, temperature, and time. Furthermore, they can be easily converted to a reconstitutable powder maintaining their initial characteristics (hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential). Regarding the efficacy of the process, the nanoparticles showed association efficiencies >90% and drug load of up to 67 %. Additionally, the interactions present between the selected drugs and the PSS were identified. The RMN-H1 and NOESY studies demonstrated the presence of intimate "aromatic-aromatic" interactions that influence the formation and stabilization of nanosystems. On the other hand, diafiltration determined that the entrapment of these drugs is mostly kinetically controlled (% KB), with low dissociation constants (Kdis), and with prolonged release profiles determined by in vitro release studies (conventional dialysis and USP apparatus 4). In addition, a good fit to the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation for the release profiles was found, and the corresponding analysis indicates the contribution of a combination of dynamic phenomena such as diffusion, molecular hydration, conformational changes in the polymer matrix, changes in the molecular mobility of macromolecules and a change in the nature of the binding of the drug to the polymer. Finally, the inclusion of a fourth molecule with a lower self-association capacity (critical aggregation concentration, cac) than those previously studied, chlorphenamine maleate, verified that the process of formation of the NPs and the release of the drug from the matrix are directly related to cac. Considering the large number of hydrophilic, aromatic and low molecular-weight drugs with therapeutic importance, and the simplicity of the presented strategy, we consider that these results (formation, stability, release and effect of cac) may be the basis for developing a series of prolonged drug delivery systems with applications in different pathologies...
The administration of hydrophilic and low molecular-weight drugs constitutes a great challenge in drug delivery, especially for the therapy of chronic diseases. The partial biodistribution and rapid elimination of these active molecules limit their therapeutic efficacy and significantly increase their side effects. The inclusion of these drugs in nanostructured systems constitutes an attractive possibility by offering controllable pharmaceutical properties, greater biocompatibility and, in some cases, low cost. However, the strong interaction between these drugs and the aqueous medium compromises the success of their encapsulation. In the present investigation, a simple strategy has been proposed, by simply mixing two aqueous solutions, for the development of nanomedicines containing hydrophilic, aromatic and low molecular-weight drugs (chloroquine, amitriptyline, promethazine) with the aromatic polymer poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS). The nanoparticles obtained presented sizes in a range between 120-180 nm, low polydispersity index (0.2-0.3) and negative zeta potential (-60 to -80 mV). Interestingly, the nanoparticles presented high stability against different stimulates such as variation in ionic strength, pH, temperature, and time. Furthermore, they can be easily converted to a reconstitutable powder maintaining their initial characteristics (hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential). Regarding the efficacy of the process, the nanoparticles showed association efficiencies >90% and drug load of up to 67 %. Additionally, the interactions present between the selected drugs and the PSS were identified. The RMN-H1 and NOESY studies demonstrated the presence of intimate "aromatic-aromatic" interactions that influence the formation and stabilization of nanosystems. On the other hand, diafiltration determined that the entrapment of these drugs is mostly kinetically controlled (% KB), with low dissociation constants (Kdis), and with prolonged release profiles determined by in vitro release studies (conventional dialysis and USP apparatus 4). In addition, a good fit to the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation for the release profiles was found, and the corresponding analysis indicates the contribution of a combination of dynamic phenomena such as diffusion, molecular hydration, conformational changes in the polymer matrix, changes in the molecular mobility of macromolecules and a change in the nature of the binding of the drug to the polymer. Finally, the inclusion of a fourth molecule with a lower self-association capacity (critical aggregation concentration, cac) than those previously studied, chlorphenamine maleate, verified that the process of formation of the NPs and the release of the drug from the matrix are directly related to cac. Considering the large number of hydrophilic, aromatic and low molecular-weight drugs with therapeutic importance, and the simplicity of the presented strategy, we consider that these results (formation, stability, release and effect of cac) may be the basis for developing a series of prolonged drug delivery systems with applications in different pathologies...
Rediseño en la detección de posibles donantes de órganos en las unidades de urgencia y paciente crítico del Hospital del Salvador
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
función renal provocando una disminución en la calidad de vida
y, en los casos más agudos, la muerte.
Una de las principales formas de atacar este problema es la diálisis, la cual suple en parte
la función renal. Por otro lado, está el trasplante de riñón...
que alertan de un posible donante. Se realizó un piloto durante mayo 2019 a mayo 2020 en el Hospital del Salvador, donde los avisos aumentaron en un 93% y un 550% los donantes. Como el trasplante es más barato que la diálisis, los nuevos donantes...
que alertan de un posible donante. Se realizó un piloto durante mayo 2019 a mayo 2020 en el Hospital del Salvador, donde los avisos aumentaron en un 93% y un 550% los donantes. Como el trasplante es más barato que la diálisis, los nuevos donantes...
Recombinant erythropoietin in children under hemodialysis
(1992)
y Dialisis, Hospital Luis Calvo Los metodos modernos de la ingenieria ge-
Mackenna. netica han permitido la sintesis de eritropoyetina
2. Unidad de Lactantes y Nutricion Infantil, Hospital
recombinante humana (rh-EPO) identica a la
Luis Calvo...
Mackenna. ., , , ,' . , 3. Enfermera Universitaiia. Unidad de Nefrologia y eritropoyetina humana, la que ha temdo su ma- Dialisis, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna. xima aplicacion en la anemia de pacientes con 4. Tecnologo Medico. Laboratorio de...
Mackenna. ., , , ,' . , 3. Enfermera Universitaiia. Unidad de Nefrologia y eritropoyetina humana, la que ha temdo su ma- Dialisis, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna. xima aplicacion en la anemia de pacientes con 4. Tecnologo Medico. Laboratorio de...
Síndrome hemolítico urémico asociado a infección intestinal por Escherichia coli productora de shigatoxina (STEC) en pacientes chilenos: aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos
(SOC CHILENA INFECTOLOGIA, 2008-12)
-
llados, con respecto al requerimiento de diálisis, cifras
de complicaciones y letalidad2,9,13.
Los hallazgos observados en esta serie de casos
coinciden con lo descrito por Zambrano P y col, en una
serie más amplia de 354 pacientes con SHU que ingre...
en la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Período 1988-2002 Hallazgo clínico % Compromiso de conciencia 31 Convulsiones 15 Hipertensión arterial 45 Requerimiento de diálisis 53 Duración de diálisis (mediana) 9 días Necesidad de diuréticos 57 Letalidad 3...
en la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Período 1988-2002 Hallazgo clínico % Compromiso de conciencia 31 Convulsiones 15 Hipertensión arterial 45 Requerimiento de diálisis 53 Duración de diálisis (mediana) 9 días Necesidad de diuréticos 57 Letalidad 3...
Estado de salud buco-dentaria en niños con insuficiencia renal crónica. Hospital Roberto del Río.
(Universidad de Chile, 2005)
como adquiridas. En su etapa terminal requiere de tratamiento sustitutivo de la
función renal por diálisis o transplante renal.
Estos pacientes podrían presentar manifestaciones patológicas a nivel de la
cavidad bucal producto de las alteraciones que se...