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Evaluación de impactos ambientales en la industria porcina y propuestas de mejora en el manejo de purines. Estudio de caso
(Universidad de Chile, 2019-10)
Residuo Liquido Industrial
SST Sólidos Suspendidos Total
ASPROCER Asociación de productores de cerdo
COVs Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles
KW Kilowatts
KW/h Kilowatts por hora
xi
RESUMEN
La industria porcina ha tomado gran importancia...
inorgánica. Fuente de Fosforo orgánico son las plantas y residuos de biomasa orgánica. Los microorganismos son los que producen la liberación del Fosforo orgánico. El Fosforo liberado reacciona con la fracción mineral del suelo dando productos...
inorgánica. Fuente de Fosforo orgánico son las plantas y residuos de biomasa orgánica. Los microorganismos son los que producen la liberación del Fosforo orgánico. El Fosforo liberado reacciona con la fracción mineral del suelo dando productos...
Evaluación de diversas fórmulas de sustratos contenidos en sacos de cultivo para la producción de tomate
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)
que intervengan materiales orgánicos y/o minerales, tales
como: fibra de coco, perlita expandida y un biofertilizante resultado del compostaje de
residuos orgánicos, para la producción de tomate, especie importante en Chile.
Objetivo general...
expandida de grado A – 6 (Harborlite Chile Ltda.) y un biofertilizante orgánico, proveniente del compostaje de residuos orgánicos, comercializado con el nombre de Vittafert®, de la empresa Reciclajes Industriales S.A. 7 Método...
expandida de grado A – 6 (Harborlite Chile Ltda.) y un biofertilizante orgánico, proveniente del compostaje de residuos orgánicos, comercializado con el nombre de Vittafert®, de la empresa Reciclajes Industriales S.A. 7 Método...
Desafios para Chile en el marco de la incorporación del país a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) : análisis comparativo entre las decisiones de la OCDE de carácter ambiental y la legislación ambiental chilena
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
temas ambientales. Estas Decisiones, que son un total de 6 documentos que, para los países miembros tienen carácter vinculante, se refieren de modo general, a la información sobre productos químicos, el control de residuos peligrosos, y el intercambio de...
Propuesta a nivel diseño para la mejora de la planta de tratamiento de residuos líquidos industriales de Viña Montgras
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE – FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS – ESCUELA DE PREGRADO
“PROPUESTA A NIVEL DE DISEÑO PARA LA MEJORA DE LA
PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS LÍQUIDOS
INDUSTRIALES DE VIÑA MONTGRAS”
Seminario de...
“PROPUESTA A NIVEL DE DISEÑO PARA LA MEJORA DE LA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS LÍQUIDOS INDUSTRIALES DE VIÑA MONTGRAS” Se informa a la Escuela de Pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias, de la Universidad de Chile que el Seminario de Título...
“PROPUESTA A NIVEL DE DISEÑO PARA LA MEJORA DE LA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS LÍQUIDOS INDUSTRIALES DE VIÑA MONTGRAS” Se informa a la Escuela de Pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias, de la Universidad de Chile que el Seminario de Título...
Propuesta para mejorar el uso y/o la disposición de recursos en el ámbito domiciliario de la comunidad atacameña de Peine, Región de Antofagasta
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)
....................................................... 40
Opciones para mejorar el confort al interior de las viviendas ...................................... 43
Opciones de manejo de residuos orgánicos ................................................................. 45
Casos de estudio...
16. Reciclaje de residuos orgánicos en Peine. .......................................................... 36 Figura 17. Esquema sistema Tohá. ...................................................................................... 39 Figura 18. Inodoro...
16. Reciclaje de residuos orgánicos en Peine. .......................................................... 36 Figura 17. Esquema sistema Tohá. ...................................................................................... 39 Figura 18. Inodoro...
Evaluación de la actividad microbiana global de un suelo bajo dos sistemas de manejo, orgánico y convencional
(Universidad de Chile, 2014)
mejoramiento y protección de la materia orgánica presente y la dinámica de los microorganismos. Se evaluó la actividad microbiana global medida in situ (0 – 5 cm) de un suelo tipo Mollisol (Serie Santiago), sujeto a dos sistemas de manejo: orgánico (TO...
In our present day it has been highly promoted the importance of rescuing the potential of carbon capture in soils used for agriculture, to mitigate the effects of climate change and revert the degradation process in the soils. Thus it is highly important to favor the improvement and protection of the organic material and microorganism dynamic. The global microbial activity was evaluated, it measured in-situ (0-5 cm) in a soil type Mollisol (Santiago series), under to two systems of management: Organic (TO) amended with compost and a layer of superficial stubble, and a conventional system (TC), in a state of fallow and plow. The content of water in the soil was measured, the organic matter by calcinations, particle and bulk density and porosity. The microbial activity was estimated by the respirometry method with incubation chamber fixed to the ground. An experimental design was used completely randomized with 6 replicates per treatment plus 2 controls; the variable result was the mg C-CO2 100g-1day-1 emitted during the 5 days of incubation. The microbial activity was identified, with or without the existence of significant differences between each treatment and in intervals of day and night, both an adjustment of a model of prediction was performed and a correlation with the temperature of the soil were performed. Finally, the rates of mineralization of organic carbon for each parcel where calculated. The properties of the soil (except for the calculation of density) and the releases of carbon in 24 hours, were higher in TO that in TC (P <_ 0,05), but at the moment of comparing the values of the intervals of day and night, the conventional system emits more CO2. The adjusted system gave a R2 of 0,9999 for TC and 0,9997 for TO. There was found significant differences in the rates of mineralization (P <_ 0,05) with a higher level in TC. The results demonstrated the variability and the sensibility of the soil system, versus the management and variation in the soil temperature. In conclusion the microbiological activity of the organic treatment shows a higher potential for storing carbon in the stable strata, in comparison to the conventional system of management....
In our present day it has been highly promoted the importance of rescuing the potential of carbon capture in soils used for agriculture, to mitigate the effects of climate change and revert the degradation process in the soils. Thus it is highly important to favor the improvement and protection of the organic material and microorganism dynamic. The global microbial activity was evaluated, it measured in-situ (0-5 cm) in a soil type Mollisol (Santiago series), under to two systems of management: Organic (TO) amended with compost and a layer of superficial stubble, and a conventional system (TC), in a state of fallow and plow. The content of water in the soil was measured, the organic matter by calcinations, particle and bulk density and porosity. The microbial activity was estimated by the respirometry method with incubation chamber fixed to the ground. An experimental design was used completely randomized with 6 replicates per treatment plus 2 controls; the variable result was the mg C-CO2 100g-1day-1 emitted during the 5 days of incubation. The microbial activity was identified, with or without the existence of significant differences between each treatment and in intervals of day and night, both an adjustment of a model of prediction was performed and a correlation with the temperature of the soil were performed. Finally, the rates of mineralization of organic carbon for each parcel where calculated. The properties of the soil (except for the calculation of density) and the releases of carbon in 24 hours, were higher in TO that in TC (P <_ 0,05), but at the moment of comparing the values of the intervals of day and night, the conventional system emits more CO2. The adjusted system gave a R2 of 0,9999 for TC and 0,9997 for TO. There was found significant differences in the rates of mineralization (P <_ 0,05) with a higher level in TC. The results demonstrated the variability and the sensibility of the soil system, versus the management and variation in the soil temperature. In conclusion the microbiological activity of the organic treatment shows a higher potential for storing carbon in the stable strata, in comparison to the conventional system of management....
Valorización del carozo de durazno para el desarrollo de un material compuesto sostenible y su potencial aplicación
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
patios de su industria generando problemas sanitarios y de
espacio, o termina en vertederos donde la incorrecta digestión
de residuos orgánicos provoca emisiones desfavorables, al igual
que su quema.
En el contexto mundial de problemas ambientales...
naturaleza mediante compostaje. 14 Problema El problema nace de las grandes cantidades de carozo de durazno generadas por la industria conservera en Chile. Se estima que el volumen de este residuo es de 14.578 toneladas al año (Ideaconsultora...
naturaleza mediante compostaje. 14 Problema El problema nace de las grandes cantidades de carozo de durazno generadas por la industria conservera en Chile. Se estima que el volumen de este residuo es de 14.578 toneladas al año (Ideaconsultora...
Caracterización técnico-económica de la implementación de un sistema biodinámico en un vilñedo convencional cv. cabernet sauvignon en el Valle de Limarí
(Universidad de Chile, 2006)
: efectuar una caracterización técnica de la producción de uva del cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon bajo el sistema biodinámico, orgánico y convencional en el Valle de Limarí y realizar una evaluación económica de la producción de uva de dicho cultivar bajo el...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the technical and economic feasibility of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape production under the biodynamic system in the Limarí Valley. The specific objectives were to carry out a technical characterization of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape production under the biodynamic, organic and conventional systems in the Limarí Valley, and an economic evaluation of the grape production under the biodynamic system, comparing this with the organic and conventional production of the cultivar in study. The technical characterization was carried out based on a description of the handling and technical requirements in the agronomical managements of the canopy, pruning, control of the fruit-bearing load, fertilization, undergrowth control, plagues and diseases during the conversion time to the biodynamic and organic systems of production. The same description was completed for the production under the conventional system. The economic analysis was carried out based on the study of the investments and costs of the productive seasons during the conversion of the production of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape under the biodynamic, organic and conventional systems. With the information obtained, cash flows for a period of 15 years, were calculated for each of the three productive systems and the evaluation indicators of Net Present Value (NPV$) were discounted to 12 % and the Return Internal Rate (RIR%) were applied to each of them. The biodynamic flow was submitted to an analysis of sensibility with regard to the two parameters considered relevant: the price of the grape and the costs of production. This investigation leads to the conclusion that: The resources and conditions, in terms of the culture and locality of the study, exist to make the production of the cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape technically viable under a biodynamic system of production in the Limarí Valley. The major operational costs registered in the management of the biodynamic and organic systems of production correspond to the labor of fertilization, the costs being highest in the biodynamic system. The costs most represented in the management of the conventional system correspond to the inputs of the control of plagues and their application. The biodynamic and the organic systems, are productive systems highly intensive in the use of work hand, and the conventional system is highly intensive in the use of machinery. In the biodynamic flow the NPV12 % is 3.659.978,56 $ and the RIR is 16 %; in the organic flow the NPV12 % is 3.605.368,50 $ and the RIR is 17 %; and in the conventional flow the NPV12 %is 3.252.545,38 $ and the RIR is 17 %. All of the productive systems are economically feasible, with the biodynamic project appearing to be the most profitable. In the sensibility analysis applied to the biodynamic project, the price of the grape is the parameter that generates major variation in the indicators of evaluation, as much in the value of the NPV12 % as in the RIR....
The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the technical and economic feasibility of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape production under the biodynamic system in the Limarí Valley. The specific objectives were to carry out a technical characterization of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape production under the biodynamic, organic and conventional systems in the Limarí Valley, and an economic evaluation of the grape production under the biodynamic system, comparing this with the organic and conventional production of the cultivar in study. The technical characterization was carried out based on a description of the handling and technical requirements in the agronomical managements of the canopy, pruning, control of the fruit-bearing load, fertilization, undergrowth control, plagues and diseases during the conversion time to the biodynamic and organic systems of production. The same description was completed for the production under the conventional system. The economic analysis was carried out based on the study of the investments and costs of the productive seasons during the conversion of the production of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape under the biodynamic, organic and conventional systems. With the information obtained, cash flows for a period of 15 years, were calculated for each of the three productive systems and the evaluation indicators of Net Present Value (NPV$) were discounted to 12 % and the Return Internal Rate (RIR%) were applied to each of them. The biodynamic flow was submitted to an analysis of sensibility with regard to the two parameters considered relevant: the price of the grape and the costs of production. This investigation leads to the conclusion that: The resources and conditions, in terms of the culture and locality of the study, exist to make the production of the cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape technically viable under a biodynamic system of production in the Limarí Valley. The major operational costs registered in the management of the biodynamic and organic systems of production correspond to the labor of fertilization, the costs being highest in the biodynamic system. The costs most represented in the management of the conventional system correspond to the inputs of the control of plagues and their application. The biodynamic and the organic systems, are productive systems highly intensive in the use of work hand, and the conventional system is highly intensive in the use of machinery. In the biodynamic flow the NPV12 % is 3.659.978,56 $ and the RIR is 16 %; in the organic flow the NPV12 % is 3.605.368,50 $ and the RIR is 17 %; and in the conventional flow the NPV12 %is 3.252.545,38 $ and the RIR is 17 %. All of the productive systems are economically feasible, with the biodynamic project appearing to be the most profitable. In the sensibility analysis applied to the biodynamic project, the price of the grape is the parameter that generates major variation in the indicators of evaluation, as much in the value of the NPV12 % as in the RIR....
Confección y reutilización : desarrollo de un método de coloración natural a partir del orujo de uva para el reuso de fibras textiles de algodón
(Universidad de Chile, 2020)
La siguiente investigación, enmarcada dentro del proceso de titulación de la carrera de Diseño Industrial de la Universidad de Chile, se basa en el aprovechamiento del residuo orgánico de las vitivinícolas: orujo de la uva, para su utilización como...
The following investigation within the process of the industrial design degree of The Universidad de Chile is based on the utilization of winegrowing organic residues, specifically grape marc, with the purpose of its deployment as a natural coloring focused on the reuse of cotton textile fiber. Because of the harmful utilization of synthetic coloring by the fashion industry, this natural production method is raised as a sustainable development and political communication. The above mentioned is developed as a reflection regarding the textile memory and the value of residues as raw material. From the object language proposed, the purpose is to find and provide a sustainable production with a critical reflection towards the consumption characterized as fleeting, superficial and thoughtless. In this way, this proposal is involved through feminist clothing in the national context during the last two years....
The following investigation within the process of the industrial design degree of The Universidad de Chile is based on the utilization of winegrowing organic residues, specifically grape marc, with the purpose of its deployment as a natural coloring focused on the reuse of cotton textile fiber. Because of the harmful utilization of synthetic coloring by the fashion industry, this natural production method is raised as a sustainable development and political communication. The above mentioned is developed as a reflection regarding the textile memory and the value of residues as raw material. From the object language proposed, the purpose is to find and provide a sustainable production with a critical reflection towards the consumption characterized as fleeting, superficial and thoughtless. In this way, this proposal is involved through feminist clothing in the national context during the last two years....
Desarrollo de un material compuesto biodegradable a partir de la utilización del residuo cáscara de nuez
(Universidad de Chile, 2016)
“DESARROLLO DE UN MATERIAL COMPUESTO BIODEGRADABLE
A PARTIR DE LA UTILIZACIÓN DEL RESIDUO CÁSCARA DE NUEZ”
Memoria
para
optar
al
título...
biodegradable que presenta como elemento principal la cáscara de nuez de Nogal, un residuo de la agroindustria Chilena. La cáscara está constituida de celulosa...
biodegradable que presenta como elemento principal la cáscara de nuez de Nogal, un residuo de la agroindustria Chilena. La cáscara está constituida de celulosa...