Relación entre enfermedad periodontal, infección bacteriana ascendente y patología placentaria con parto prematuro

Abstract

Background: There is an association between periodontal diseases and preterm delivery. Aim: To assess the relationship between periodontal diseases, ascending bacterial infection and placental pathology with preterm delivery. Patients and methods: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic Huid and subgingival plaque samples were performed in women with preterm labor with intact membranes, without an evident clinical cause or preterm premature rupture of membranes, without clinical chorioamnionitis or labor and a gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks. Microbial invasión ofthe amniotic cavity was defined as the presence of a positive amniotic Buid culture. Cervicovaginal infection was defined as a bacteríal vaginosis orpositive culture ofcervix or vagina with a high neutrophil count. Ascending bacterial infection was diagnosed as the microbial invasión of the amniotic cavity by ascending bacteria or cervicovaginal infection. Corioamnionitis, funisitis or vellositis were diagnosed. Resulte: Fifty-nine women were included: forty-two with preterm labor with intact membranes and seventeen with preterm premature rupture of membranes. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was 93.2%. Microbial invasión of the amniotic Buid was detected in 27.1% of patients. periodontal pathogenic bacteria were isolated in 18.6% of amniotic Buid samples and 71.2% of subgingival plaque samples. The prevalence of ascending bacterial infection was 83.1% and in 72.9% of women it was associated with periodontal disease. Preterm delivery (<37 weeks) occurred in 64.4% of patients and was significantly associated with generalized periodontal disease and with the association of ascending bacterial infection and periodontal diseases. Patients with preterm delivery and generalized periodontal disease had a higher frequency of chorioamnionitis and funisitis. Conclusions: Generalized periodontal disease and its association with ascending bacterial infection are related to preterm delivery and placental markers of bacteríal ascending infection.