Head size and intelligence, learning, nutritional status and brain development Head, IQ, learning, nutrition and brain
Author
dc.contributor.author
Ivanovic Marincovich, Daniza
Author
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Leiva, Boris P.
es_CL
Author
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Pérez Muñoz, Hernán
es_CL
Author
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Olivares Grohnert, Manuel
es_CL
Author
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Díaz, Nora S.
es_CL
Author
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Urrutia, María Soledad
es_CL
Author
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Almagiá, Atilio F.
es_CL
Author
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Toro, Triana D.
es_CL
Author
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Miller, Patricio T.
es_CL
Author
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Bosch, Enrique O.
es_CL
Author
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Larraín, Cristián G.
es_CL
Admission date
dc.date.accessioned
2014-01-09T15:59:12Z
Available date
dc.date.available
2014-01-09T15:59:12Z
Publication date
dc.date.issued
2004
Cita de ítem
dc.identifier.citation
Neuropsychologia 42 (2004) 1118–1131
en_US
Identifier
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doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.11.022
Identifier
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https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/124054
General note
dc.description
Artículo de publicación ISI.
en_US
Abstract
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This multifactorial study investigates the interrelationships between head circumference (HC) and intellectual quotient (IQ), learning,
nutritional status and brain development in Chilean school-age children graduating from high school, of both sexes and with high and low
IQ and socio-economic strata (SES). The sample consisted of 96 right-handed healthy students (mean age 18.0 ± 0.9 years) born at term.
HC was measured both in the children and their parents and was expressed as Z-score (Z-HC). In children, IQ was determined by means
of theWechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults-Revised (WAIS-R), scholastic achievement (SA) through the standard Spanish language and
mathematics tests and the academic aptitude test (AAT) score, nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric indicators, brain
development was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SES applying the Graffar modified method. Results showed that
microcephalic children (Z-HC ≤ 2S.D.) had significantly lower values mainly for brain volume (BV), parental Z-HC, IQ, SA, AAT, birth
length (BL) and a significantly higher incidence of undernutrition in the first year of life compared with their macrocephalic peers (Z-HC >
2 S.D.). Multiple regression analysis revealed that BV, parental Z-HC and BL were the independent variables with the greatest explanatory
power for child’s Z-HC variance (r2 = 0.727). These findings confirm the hypothesis formulated in this study: (1) independently of age,
sex and SES, brain parameters, parental HC and prenatal nutritional indicators are the most important independent variables that determine
HC and (2) microcephalic children present multiple disorders not only related to BV but also to IQ, SA and nutritional background.