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Professor Advisordc.contributor.advisorRincón Cervera, Miguel Ángel
Authordc.contributor.authorVillarreal Rubio, María Beatriz 
Admission datedc.date.accessioned2017-04-24T17:54:25Z
Available datedc.date.available2017-04-24T17:54:25Z
Publication datedc.date.issued2017-01
Identifierdc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143731
Abstractdc.description.abstractIntroducción: los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) son ampliamente conocidos por sus efectos beneficiosos para la salud humana. EPA y DHA son aportados al organismo principalmente por la dieta, estando contenidos sobre todo en pescados marinos. La ingesta de pescado en Chile y otras regiones occidentales, es reducida debido a factores socioculturales y/o económicos, por tanto es necesario encontrar fuentes alternativas de EPA y DHA. Chile es un gran productor de recursos marinos, lo que conlleva la generación de gran cantidad de residuos (subproductos) derivados de la industria del procesado del pescado (partes no comestibles del pescado), que se emplean en la fabricación de piensos o son directamente desechados, generando graves problemas ambientales. Debido al considerable contenido en EPA y DHA que estos subproductos pueden llegar a poseer, su potencial valorización podría generar ingredientes bioactivos de alto valor añadido destinados al consumo humano y/o animal, reduciendo además el impacto ambiental negativo generado por su vertido. El secado de los subproductos de pescado permite la inertización de la biomasa y un mejor manejo de los mismos, facilitando asimismo la extracción de su fracción lipídica conteniendo EPA y DHA. Sin embargo, el empleo de altas temperaturas durante el secado puede alterar determinados parámetros de la fracción lipídica, como el contenido de EPA y DHA (muy sensibles a la degradación térmica) o el grado de hidrólisis. Objetivo: estudiar el efecto del secado y del uso de varios sistemas de extracción sobre determinados parámetros de la fracción lipídica de vísceras de pescado (salmón de cultivo y congrio colorado y palometa de pesca artesanal). Métodos: se emplearon solventes de grado alimentario para extraer la fracción lipídica de las vísceras en fresco y seco de cada especie estudiada, y se determinó en cada fracción el perfil de ácidos grasos, distribución de clases lipídicas y contenido en colesterol.es_ES
Abstractdc.description.abstractEicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) are two of the most widely known polyunsaturated fatty acids because of their beneficial effects on human health. EPA and DHA are mainly supplied to the organism through the diet, being mainly contained in marine fish. Fish intake in Chile and other Western regions is reduced due to social, cultural and/or economic factors, so it is necessary to find alternative sources of EPA and DHA. Chile is a large producer of marine resources, generating large quantities of waste (by-products) derived from the fish processing industry (non-edible parts of fish) that are used to produce feed for animals or are directly discarded, thus causing environmental problems. Due to the considerable EPA and DHA content that these by-products may contain, their potential recovery could generate bioactive ingredients with high added value destined for human and/or animal consumption, also reducing the negative environmental impact generated by their disposal. The drying of fish by-products allows the inertization of the biomass and a better handling. It promotes an easier extraction of the lipid fraction containing EPA and DHA. However, the use of high temperatures during drying may change certain parameters of the lipid fraction, such as EPA and DHA content (very sensitive to thermal degradation) or the degree of hydrolysis. Objective: to study the effect of drying and the use of several extraction systems on certain parameters of the lipid fraction in fish viscera (cultivated salmon and red cusk-eel and yellowtail kingfish from artisanal fishery). Methods: Food grade solvents were used to extract the lipid fraction from raw and dried viscera of each species under study, and the fatty acid profile, lipid class distribution and cholesterol content were determined in each fraction. Results: The highest EPA and DHA values were found in red cusk-eel and yellowtail kingfish viscera, respectively. The most effective food grade extraction method was Soxhlet with n-hexane. Drying significantly reduced EPA and DHA values but not drastically in any case. Furthermore, the degree of lipid hydrolysis 4 was not significantly increased in dried viscera versus raw viscera. The highest and lowest cholesterol content was found in liver and salmon viscera, respectively. Conclusions: The drying process employed in this work allowed the obtaining of a dehydrated, easy to handle product containing EPA and DHA in varying proportions depending on the type of by-product of origin. It is possible to use a food grade extraction method (Soxhlet) to obtain the lipid fraction of the dried by-products efficiently, which is advantageous in economic and environmental terms.es_ES
Lenguagedc.language.isoeses_ES
Publisherdc.publisherUniversidad de Chilees_ES
Type of licensedc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Chile*
Link to Licensedc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cl/*
Títulodc.title“Estudio exploratorio del contenido de EPA y DHA en subproductos de tres especies de pescados obtenidos y consumidos en Chile: análisis comparativo de muestras frescas y secas y de distintos métodos de extracción de la fracción lipídicaes_ES
Document typedc.typeTesis
Catalogueruchile.catalogadorAFFes_ES
Departmentuchile.departamentoLaboratorio de Lípidoses_ES
Facultyuchile.facultadInstituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentoses_ES


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Chile
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Chile