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Detección de Salmonella spp. en huevos de la gallina en jaula desde distintos puntos de venta de la Región Metropolitana y su manejo en el hogar por los consumidores en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
el Ministerio de Salud el año 2019 los cuales son ocasionados principalmente por una incorrecta manipulación de los alimentos en el hogar.
Con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en la superficie de los huevos provenientes de...
The egg has been the main food associated with Salmonella spp. outbreaks in the USA and Europe. The consumption of this food in Chile represents 10.7 % of the total outbreaks of foodborne illness reported by the Ministry of Health in 2019, which are mostly a consequence of the incorrect food handling at homes. In order to define the prevalence of Salmonella spp. on the surface of eggs belonging to caged hens, commercialized in different areas of the Metropolitan Region (MR) with the purpose to know their subsequent handling in the homes, furthermore the food safety knowledge of consumers in Chile, a non-random selection of 240 samples was carried on. Each sample was composed of 6 eggs that were sold at diverse points of sale in 10 communes of the MR. Moreover, a survey was conducted through social media targeting the adult residents of Chile who regularly purchased, consumed and cooked egg-based foods at home. Among 385 selected individuals who responded to the survey, they were classified by age groups such as young (18 to 29 years), adults (30 to 59 years), and elderly (60 years or older). The 240 samples (1,440 eggs) that were analyzed by using standardized bacteriological methods in the Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory of INTA, turned out to be negative for Salmonella spp. resulting in a prevalence of 0 %. In accordance with the results obtained from the exact binomial test, the identification frequency of Salmonella spp. would be found within the interval of 0 and 1.24 % with 95 % of confidence. Among the most notable results of the survey, it was found that 80.8 % of Chilean consumers choose eggs that are not dirty or cracked when they make a purchase. Through the observed practices, 36.6 % of the respondents store eggs in the refrigerator door separate from other foods (84.4 %) without washing them beforehand (75 %). In the same way, a significant number of participants indicated that they neither consume (59.5 %) nor prepare foods (55.3 %) containing raw egg, and they recognize that this could present a health risk (86.2 %). Additionally, 65.2 % of the participants highlight that when handling eggs in the kitchen, they keep them separate from ready-to-eat foods, and if they need to separate the yolk from the egg white, they do so using the shell (70.6 %). ix In this survey, it was found that young and adults turn out having better practices related to egg handling at home and also knowledge about food safety compared to the elderly. It was observed that a higher understanding of food safety and awareness of risks between people, enables them to adopt the best practices in egg handling at home...
The egg has been the main food associated with Salmonella spp. outbreaks in the USA and Europe. The consumption of this food in Chile represents 10.7 % of the total outbreaks of foodborne illness reported by the Ministry of Health in 2019, which are mostly a consequence of the incorrect food handling at homes. In order to define the prevalence of Salmonella spp. on the surface of eggs belonging to caged hens, commercialized in different areas of the Metropolitan Region (MR) with the purpose to know their subsequent handling in the homes, furthermore the food safety knowledge of consumers in Chile, a non-random selection of 240 samples was carried on. Each sample was composed of 6 eggs that were sold at diverse points of sale in 10 communes of the MR. Moreover, a survey was conducted through social media targeting the adult residents of Chile who regularly purchased, consumed and cooked egg-based foods at home. Among 385 selected individuals who responded to the survey, they were classified by age groups such as young (18 to 29 years), adults (30 to 59 years), and elderly (60 years or older). The 240 samples (1,440 eggs) that were analyzed by using standardized bacteriological methods in the Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory of INTA, turned out to be negative for Salmonella spp. resulting in a prevalence of 0 %. In accordance with the results obtained from the exact binomial test, the identification frequency of Salmonella spp. would be found within the interval of 0 and 1.24 % with 95 % of confidence. Among the most notable results of the survey, it was found that 80.8 % of Chilean consumers choose eggs that are not dirty or cracked when they make a purchase. Through the observed practices, 36.6 % of the respondents store eggs in the refrigerator door separate from other foods (84.4 %) without washing them beforehand (75 %). In the same way, a significant number of participants indicated that they neither consume (59.5 %) nor prepare foods (55.3 %) containing raw egg, and they recognize that this could present a health risk (86.2 %). Additionally, 65.2 % of the participants highlight that when handling eggs in the kitchen, they keep them separate from ready-to-eat foods, and if they need to separate the yolk from the egg white, they do so using the shell (70.6 %). ix In this survey, it was found that young and adults turn out having better practices related to egg handling at home and also knowledge about food safety compared to the elderly. It was observed that a higher understanding of food safety and awareness of risks between people, enables them to adopt the best practices in egg handling at home...
Desarrollo de una bebida instantánea en base a semilla de quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) y su caracterización fisicoquímica y nutricional
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
de los chilenos y existe una fuerte tendencia a consumir alimentos funcionales y de fácil preparación, se desarrolló una bebida instantánea alta en proteínas, en base a quínoa y concentrado proteico de suero de leche sin lactosa. Para ello se...
Continuidades y cambios de los mandatos de género presentes en políticas públicas de salud y nutrición a partir de la experiencia de madres de clase media baja en Santiago
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
La transformación de los ambientes alimentarios ha modificado el modo en que nos relacionamos con los alimentos, favoreciendo el desarrollo de enfermedades nutricionales como la obesidad. Las políticas públicas han sido una de las estrategias para...
Salud global en las instituciones académicas latinoamericanas: hacia un desarrollo e identidad propia
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2014)
Salud Global es un campo relativamente nuevo en las instituciones académicas de América Latina y su expansión ha sido lenta en comparación con el explosivo desarrollo que esta disciplina ha experimentado en países de Europa y Norteamérica. Este...
Cambios en la disponibilidad de alimentos en el Gran Santiago por quintiles de ingreso. 1988-1997
(ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS NUTRICION, 2008-03)
,
identificar los cambios, evaluar sus carencias o excesos, el
patrón nutricional y la relación con el estado nutricional y
perfil epidemiológico. En base a esto, se deben establecer
políticas de promoción de alimentos saludables y cuando sea
necesario las...
regulaciones y etiquetado correspondiente para controlar el consumo de alimentos con potencial efecto ad- verso sobre la salud. El objetivo final es facilitar la opción saludable en la selección de alimentos. Lamentablemente, los alimentos menos saludables son...
regulaciones y etiquetado correspondiente para controlar el consumo de alimentos con potencial efecto ad- verso sobre la salud. El objetivo final es facilitar la opción saludable en la selección de alimentos. Lamentablemente, los alimentos menos saludables son...
Análisis de aspectos fiscales de la salud humana
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
.............................................................................. 63
2.2. Consumo de alimentos poco saludables ................................................ 68
2.2.1. Obesidad y sobrepeso ...................................................................... 71
2.2.1.1. Obesidad en los países de la OCDE...
.............................................. 72 2.2.1.2. Obesidad en Chile .......................................................................... 75 2.2.2. Impuestos a los alimentos poco saludables ..................................... 75 2.2.2.1. Hungría...
.............................................. 72 2.2.1.2. Obesidad en Chile .......................................................................... 75 2.2.2. Impuestos a los alimentos poco saludables ..................................... 75 2.2.2.1. Hungría...
Efectos del nivel sociocultural en el significado de piezas publicitarias de alimentos en niños y niñas de la Región Metropolitana
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
A nivel mundial, la obesidad se ha triplicado desde el año 1975 al 2016. (O.M.S, 2018), (O.M.S, 2021). A nivel nacional, la Encuesta Nacional de Salud arrojó resultados similares, identificando un 74% de la población con malnutrición por exceso1...
Análisis y diseño de oportunidades de negocios a partir de derivados nutricionales de las microalgas en la industria de alimentos
(Universidad de Chile, 2013)
El escenario actual del consumo de alimentos en Chile muestra una tendencia hacia alimentos saludables y que prevengan ciertas enfermedades. Los hábitos de los consumidores muestran una alta tendencia a preocuparse por su alimentación. Esto se...
Caracterización de spots publicitarios de restaurantes en la televisión chilena antes de la implementación de la ley 20.606 (período abril- mayo 2016)
(Universidad de Chile, 2018-08)
Introducción: Se ha sugerido que la publicidad de alimentos induce al mayor consumo de éstos por los niños, contribuyendo a una dieta poco saludable, y al desarrollo de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas. La televisión ha sido uno de los medios...
Introduction: It has been suggested that food advertising induces a high intake among children, contributing to an unhealthy diet, obesity and non-communicable diseases. Television is one of the predominant media for food advertising, particularly, restaurant chains. For instance, in Chile (2017), almost half of advertising investment was made on television; notably, restaurant chains have increased more than 20% between 2016 and 2018. The Law 20.606 implemented in June 2016, bans advertising of foods with high levels of critical nutrients (energy, total sugar, saturated fats and sodium) to children under the age of 14 years. The regulation however does not include restrictions specifically on restaurant advertising, which could lead to an increase of this type of advertising, providing an incentive for the intake of unhealthy foods. Objective: To determine whether restaurant advertisings on television are more present during children's programs, and whether the presence of child-appealing marketing strategies or foods with high levels of critical nutrients is greater than compared with restaurant advertising aired during general audience programs. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A stratified random sampling of 2,016 television hours was selected during two reconstructed weeks prior to the regulation (April / May 2016). We studied the presence of restaurant advertising on television and its association with types of programs (children vs. general audience), as well as the presence of child-appealing marketing strategies and the presence of foods with high levels of critical nutrients. Results: This study found that restaurant advertising on television during children's programs lasted longer than during general audience programs (0.25 min / h vs 0.15 min / h). In addition, they were more frequent (61% vs 39%), and presented almost 3 times more child-appealing marketing strategies, having 2.4 times more foods with high levels of critical nutrients after accounting for confounding variables. Conclusion: Restaurant advertising on television was broadcast mostly during children's programs, and this advertising presented more elements regulated by the new regulation, in comparison with restaurant advertising presented in general audience programs. These data correspond to the period prior to the implementation of the new regulation, and suggest that restaurant advertising on television has a special focus on children. Although the new regulation does not contemplate restrictions to restaurant advertising that does not display foods with high levels of critical nutrients, their monitoring becomes relevant to identify potential increase of their presence or the use of child-appealing marketing strategies....
Introduction: It has been suggested that food advertising induces a high intake among children, contributing to an unhealthy diet, obesity and non-communicable diseases. Television is one of the predominant media for food advertising, particularly, restaurant chains. For instance, in Chile (2017), almost half of advertising investment was made on television; notably, restaurant chains have increased more than 20% between 2016 and 2018. The Law 20.606 implemented in June 2016, bans advertising of foods with high levels of critical nutrients (energy, total sugar, saturated fats and sodium) to children under the age of 14 years. The regulation however does not include restrictions specifically on restaurant advertising, which could lead to an increase of this type of advertising, providing an incentive for the intake of unhealthy foods. Objective: To determine whether restaurant advertisings on television are more present during children's programs, and whether the presence of child-appealing marketing strategies or foods with high levels of critical nutrients is greater than compared with restaurant advertising aired during general audience programs. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A stratified random sampling of 2,016 television hours was selected during two reconstructed weeks prior to the regulation (April / May 2016). We studied the presence of restaurant advertising on television and its association with types of programs (children vs. general audience), as well as the presence of child-appealing marketing strategies and the presence of foods with high levels of critical nutrients. Results: This study found that restaurant advertising on television during children's programs lasted longer than during general audience programs (0.25 min / h vs 0.15 min / h). In addition, they were more frequent (61% vs 39%), and presented almost 3 times more child-appealing marketing strategies, having 2.4 times more foods with high levels of critical nutrients after accounting for confounding variables. Conclusion: Restaurant advertising on television was broadcast mostly during children's programs, and this advertising presented more elements regulated by the new regulation, in comparison with restaurant advertising presented in general audience programs. These data correspond to the period prior to the implementation of the new regulation, and suggest that restaurant advertising on television has a special focus on children. Although the new regulation does not contemplate restrictions to restaurant advertising that does not display foods with high levels of critical nutrients, their monitoring becomes relevant to identify potential increase of their presence or the use of child-appealing marketing strategies....
Plan de Negocios para la Elaboración de Jugos Naturales a Base de Frutas y Hortalizas
(Universidad de Chile, 2011)
de Empresas de Alimentos de Chile actualmente se está
suscitando a nivel mundial una tendencia por el consumo de alimentos saludables,
placenteros y convenientes. Así, la empresa quiere ser una alternativa creativa que supla la
demanda latente por...