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Planes de pensión de capitalización individual y beneficios previsionales para trabajadoras de la tercera edad de bajos ingresos
(Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 1995-06)
Este artículo pretende verificar si el sistema provisional obligatorio de capitalización individual introducido en Chile en 1981 es apropiado para mujeres de bajos ingresos y empleo irregular. Sobre la base de los datos de la encuesta CASEN de 1990...
Segmentación del consumidor de vino orgánico en Talca, Chile
(Pearson Educación, 2013)
sus esfuerzos. Se aplicó una
encuesta a una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 176 entrevistados (ic = 95% y
e = 4%). La base de datos fue analizada por medio de la metodología multivariante chaid. Los
resultados del estudio muestran la...
Los alumnos evalúan igual a profesores y profesoras? : ¿hay un sesgo por género en la evaluación docente?
(Universidad de Chile, 2018-01)
En la presente investigación se estudia el sesgo por género en la evaluación docente
realizada por los estudiantes a cada uno de sus profesores. La investigación es
un estudio cuasiexperimental, cuantitativo, basado en datos de la encuesta Docente...
“Premio salarial en el sector público chileno : magnitud, mecanismos e impacto en desigualdad salarial”
(Universidad de Chile, 2021)
encuesta Casen (2000 – 2017), se evidencia un premio salarial positivo y significativo en concordancia con la literatura previa. Al incluir variables que controlan por sindicalización –trabajo
no realizado anteriormente– las brechas de 2015 y 2017 se...
La influencia en el voto de mujeres nativas digitales en la elección de Brasil en 2018
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
presidencia de la República de Brasil. Jair Bolsonaro resultó ganador, pero encuestas previas y posteriores a la votación muestran que la única población que votó más a Haddad fue la de mujeres jóvenes. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar y...
Diferencias por género en la relación entre sobrepeso y productividad laboral en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2021-01)
datos de la Encuesta de Protecci on Social y metodolog a de Variables
Instrumentales, se estima el impacto del sobrepeso y/o obesidad sobre la productividad en el mercado laboral
chileno para hombres y mujeres por separado. Se utiliza como variable de...
“Propuesta de tipología para organizar y clasificar los CFO"
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
empleo de Chile y de la
aplicación de una encuesta exploratoria descriptiva a personas que actualmente se
desempeñan como CFO en una organización determinada....
The following research proposes a typology in order to identify, classify and analyze the different types of CFO. This theoretical exercise is accompanied by a dual empirical validation, in the shape of a review of the main job boards in Chile and of the application of an exploratory & descriptive survey to people who currently hold the positión of CFO in a given organization...
The following research proposes a typology in order to identify, classify and analyze the different types of CFO. This theoretical exercise is accompanied by a dual empirical validation, in the shape of a review of the main job boards in Chile and of the application of an exploratory & descriptive survey to people who currently hold the positión of CFO in a given organization...
Carrera musical, género y economía Oportunidades para ser música en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2022)
estos elementos son condicionantes
o no para la obtención de oportunidades y el desarrollo artístico de cada individuo encuestado
dentro de la escena musical chilena. Sobre la base de un estudio cuantitativo donde se realizaron
encuestas a 75 personas de...
“Asociación entre niveles plasmáticos de vitamina d y obesidad en participantes de la encuesta nacional de salud de Chile 2016-2017”
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
esta tesis fue determinar la asociación entre niveles de VD y obesidad,
en participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016 – 2017.
Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario de una muestra aleatoria
representativa de la población nacional...
Background and objectives: Obesity has increased alarmingly, becoming a global health problem. Its causes are heterogeneous, and among these the deficiency of Vitamin D (VD) could be related to its appearance. The objective of this thesis was to determine the association between DV levels and obesity, in participants of the National Health Survey (ENS) 2016 - 2017. Methodology: A secondary analysis of a random sample representative of the national population of women of childbearing age between 20 and 49 years (MEF; n=1,413) and older people from 65 years of age (PM; n=1,259) was carried out. VD was categorized into 4 groups: sufficiency (VDS) above 30 ng/mL, insufficiency (VDI) 29.99 - 20 ng/mL, deficiency (VDD) 19.99 - 12 ng/mL, and severe deficiency (VDDS) for below 11.99 ng/mL. To assess the presence of obesity, the indicators of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) were used according to the cut-off points of the "National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and the International Federation of Diabetes (IDF) and Waist-Height Index (ICT). Associations were determined using crude logistic regression tests and adjusted for confounding variables, estimating the odds ratios in unadjusted models (OR) and adjusted for confounding variables (ORA) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). ). In the PM, the models were stratified according to sex and age. Results: The prevalence of obesity varied according to VD levels in both MEF and PM. When analyzing the FEMs with VDS, those with VDDS presented higher prevalences of morbid obesity according to BMI (7.7% vs. 2.4%). When comparing PM with VDS, those with VDDS had a higher prevalence of obesity according to BMI (30.7% vs. 14.4%) and abdominal obesity according to ATPIII (66.4% vs. 50%) and according to IDF (85.9% vs. 72.6%). The prevalences of VD deficiency were higher in female PMs. In FEM, VDDS was associated with morbid obesity according to BMI; AOR 6.10 (95% CI, 1.31-28.31). 10 When comparing all PM with VDS, those with VDDS were more likely to have abdominal obesity according to CC-IDF ORA 2.55 (95% CI, 1.08-6.02), those with VDI were more likely to have elevated WHR ORA 3.24 (95% CI, 1.01-10.37) and also those with VDDS ORA 3.98 (1.13-14.07). When evaluating by age range, PM ≥ 65 to 75 years with VDI and VDDS maintained the ORA 10.16 (1.41-72.99) and ORA 7.46 (1.06-52.31) association, respectively. Although they are significant, the intervals are super wide, due to the decrease in the amount of data. Regarding PM >75 years, they were the ones who had the greatest associations with obesity: those with VDI, VDD and VDDS presented a greater probability of presenting abdominal obesity according to CC ATP-III ORA 3.83 (1.33-11.01), ORA 4.47(1.57-12.72), ORA 3.61(1.13-11.53), and CC IDF ORA 2.93(1.03-8.34), ORA 2.99 (1.11-8.09), ORA 7.01(1.95-25.17). But only those with DSVD presented a higher probability of elevated ICT ORA 7.58 (1.70-33.83). Finally, when evaluating the PM according to sex, the male PM presented an association between IVD and high ICT ORA 4.69 (1.00-22.19) and the female PM between DSVD and obesity according to BMI ORA 2.73 (1, 11-6,72).. Conclusion: This study found that vitamin D deficiency was associated in a statistically significant way with a higher probability of presenting obesity in MEF and PM according to the indicators used....
Background and objectives: Obesity has increased alarmingly, becoming a global health problem. Its causes are heterogeneous, and among these the deficiency of Vitamin D (VD) could be related to its appearance. The objective of this thesis was to determine the association between DV levels and obesity, in participants of the National Health Survey (ENS) 2016 - 2017. Methodology: A secondary analysis of a random sample representative of the national population of women of childbearing age between 20 and 49 years (MEF; n=1,413) and older people from 65 years of age (PM; n=1,259) was carried out. VD was categorized into 4 groups: sufficiency (VDS) above 30 ng/mL, insufficiency (VDI) 29.99 - 20 ng/mL, deficiency (VDD) 19.99 - 12 ng/mL, and severe deficiency (VDDS) for below 11.99 ng/mL. To assess the presence of obesity, the indicators of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) were used according to the cut-off points of the "National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and the International Federation of Diabetes (IDF) and Waist-Height Index (ICT). Associations were determined using crude logistic regression tests and adjusted for confounding variables, estimating the odds ratios in unadjusted models (OR) and adjusted for confounding variables (ORA) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). ). In the PM, the models were stratified according to sex and age. Results: The prevalence of obesity varied according to VD levels in both MEF and PM. When analyzing the FEMs with VDS, those with VDDS presented higher prevalences of morbid obesity according to BMI (7.7% vs. 2.4%). When comparing PM with VDS, those with VDDS had a higher prevalence of obesity according to BMI (30.7% vs. 14.4%) and abdominal obesity according to ATPIII (66.4% vs. 50%) and according to IDF (85.9% vs. 72.6%). The prevalences of VD deficiency were higher in female PMs. In FEM, VDDS was associated with morbid obesity according to BMI; AOR 6.10 (95% CI, 1.31-28.31). 10 When comparing all PM with VDS, those with VDDS were more likely to have abdominal obesity according to CC-IDF ORA 2.55 (95% CI, 1.08-6.02), those with VDI were more likely to have elevated WHR ORA 3.24 (95% CI, 1.01-10.37) and also those with VDDS ORA 3.98 (1.13-14.07). When evaluating by age range, PM ≥ 65 to 75 years with VDI and VDDS maintained the ORA 10.16 (1.41-72.99) and ORA 7.46 (1.06-52.31) association, respectively. Although they are significant, the intervals are super wide, due to the decrease in the amount of data. Regarding PM >75 years, they were the ones who had the greatest associations with obesity: those with VDI, VDD and VDDS presented a greater probability of presenting abdominal obesity according to CC ATP-III ORA 3.83 (1.33-11.01), ORA 4.47(1.57-12.72), ORA 3.61(1.13-11.53), and CC IDF ORA 2.93(1.03-8.34), ORA 2.99 (1.11-8.09), ORA 7.01(1.95-25.17). But only those with DSVD presented a higher probability of elevated ICT ORA 7.58 (1.70-33.83). Finally, when evaluating the PM according to sex, the male PM presented an association between IVD and high ICT ORA 4.69 (1.00-22.19) and the female PM between DSVD and obesity according to BMI ORA 2.73 (1, 11-6,72).. Conclusion: This study found that vitamin D deficiency was associated in a statistically significant way with a higher probability of presenting obesity in MEF and PM according to the indicators used....
Detección de Salmonella spp. en huevos de la gallina en jaula desde distintos puntos de venta de la Región Metropolitana y su manejo en el hogar por los consumidores en Chile
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
no aleatoria de 240 muestras, compuesta cada una por 6 huevos comercializados en diferentes puntos de venta de 10 comunas de la RM. Además, se aplicó una encuesta a través de redes sociales la cual estuvo dirigida a toda persona residente en Chile mayor de edad...
The egg has been the main food associated with Salmonella spp. outbreaks in the USA and Europe. The consumption of this food in Chile represents 10.7 % of the total outbreaks of foodborne illness reported by the Ministry of Health in 2019, which are mostly a consequence of the incorrect food handling at homes. In order to define the prevalence of Salmonella spp. on the surface of eggs belonging to caged hens, commercialized in different areas of the Metropolitan Region (MR) with the purpose to know their subsequent handling in the homes, furthermore the food safety knowledge of consumers in Chile, a non-random selection of 240 samples was carried on. Each sample was composed of 6 eggs that were sold at diverse points of sale in 10 communes of the MR. Moreover, a survey was conducted through social media targeting the adult residents of Chile who regularly purchased, consumed and cooked egg-based foods at home. Among 385 selected individuals who responded to the survey, they were classified by age groups such as young (18 to 29 years), adults (30 to 59 years), and elderly (60 years or older). The 240 samples (1,440 eggs) that were analyzed by using standardized bacteriological methods in the Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory of INTA, turned out to be negative for Salmonella spp. resulting in a prevalence of 0 %. In accordance with the results obtained from the exact binomial test, the identification frequency of Salmonella spp. would be found within the interval of 0 and 1.24 % with 95 % of confidence. Among the most notable results of the survey, it was found that 80.8 % of Chilean consumers choose eggs that are not dirty or cracked when they make a purchase. Through the observed practices, 36.6 % of the respondents store eggs in the refrigerator door separate from other foods (84.4 %) without washing them beforehand (75 %). In the same way, a significant number of participants indicated that they neither consume (59.5 %) nor prepare foods (55.3 %) containing raw egg, and they recognize that this could present a health risk (86.2 %). Additionally, 65.2 % of the participants highlight that when handling eggs in the kitchen, they keep them separate from ready-to-eat foods, and if they need to separate the yolk from the egg white, they do so using the shell (70.6 %). ix In this survey, it was found that young and adults turn out having better practices related to egg handling at home and also knowledge about food safety compared to the elderly. It was observed that a higher understanding of food safety and awareness of risks between people, enables them to adopt the best practices in egg handling at home...
The egg has been the main food associated with Salmonella spp. outbreaks in the USA and Europe. The consumption of this food in Chile represents 10.7 % of the total outbreaks of foodborne illness reported by the Ministry of Health in 2019, which are mostly a consequence of the incorrect food handling at homes. In order to define the prevalence of Salmonella spp. on the surface of eggs belonging to caged hens, commercialized in different areas of the Metropolitan Region (MR) with the purpose to know their subsequent handling in the homes, furthermore the food safety knowledge of consumers in Chile, a non-random selection of 240 samples was carried on. Each sample was composed of 6 eggs that were sold at diverse points of sale in 10 communes of the MR. Moreover, a survey was conducted through social media targeting the adult residents of Chile who regularly purchased, consumed and cooked egg-based foods at home. Among 385 selected individuals who responded to the survey, they were classified by age groups such as young (18 to 29 years), adults (30 to 59 years), and elderly (60 years or older). The 240 samples (1,440 eggs) that were analyzed by using standardized bacteriological methods in the Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory of INTA, turned out to be negative for Salmonella spp. resulting in a prevalence of 0 %. In accordance with the results obtained from the exact binomial test, the identification frequency of Salmonella spp. would be found within the interval of 0 and 1.24 % with 95 % of confidence. Among the most notable results of the survey, it was found that 80.8 % of Chilean consumers choose eggs that are not dirty or cracked when they make a purchase. Through the observed practices, 36.6 % of the respondents store eggs in the refrigerator door separate from other foods (84.4 %) without washing them beforehand (75 %). In the same way, a significant number of participants indicated that they neither consume (59.5 %) nor prepare foods (55.3 %) containing raw egg, and they recognize that this could present a health risk (86.2 %). Additionally, 65.2 % of the participants highlight that when handling eggs in the kitchen, they keep them separate from ready-to-eat foods, and if they need to separate the yolk from the egg white, they do so using the shell (70.6 %). ix In this survey, it was found that young and adults turn out having better practices related to egg handling at home and also knowledge about food safety compared to the elderly. It was observed that a higher understanding of food safety and awareness of risks between people, enables them to adopt the best practices in egg handling at home...