Evolution and the Relationship between brain and mind states

Abstract

We discuss the phylogenetic basis of states of consciousness, and present the central theses of monism and dualism, in which near-death experiences (NDEs) enjoy very different ontological statuses. Next, we summarize the evolution of the genus Hamo, with emphasis on neuroanatomical changes, and define brain and consciousness states. Data suggest that consciousness states are produced by brain states. We address the problem of states of consciousness in other species because consciousness states seem to emerge from a phylogenetic continuum, and analyze problems connected with verbal reports of internal experiences. Finally, we examine NDEs as brain states/consciousness states, and conclude that we need further study of elements appearing in each NDE with their order of appearance. We discuss problems in the relationship between brain states and consciousness states, and conclude that science does not need a paradigm shift to deal with NDE data.