Evaluación de un programa piloto de intervención en adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad, en riesgo de diabetes

Abstract

Background: The Ministry of Health of Chile and selected obesity specialized centers implemented an interdisciplinary pilot program for overweight adults at risk of s diabetes to decrease the risk of W 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Aim: To assess the results of this program. Patients and methods. Beneficiaries of the public primary health system aged 18-45 years, with a body mass index (BM) 25-38 kg/m(2) and fasting blood glucose 100125 mg/dl or with any direct family member with T2D, were recruited. During the four months of the study, they were scheduled for three physician visits, four dietitian consultations, 14 physical activity sessions and four group workshops (two with a psychologist or therapist). In fasting blood samples, at the beginning and at the fourth month, glucose, insulin and lipids were determined. The Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index was calculated. Results. Two hundred-seventy-six patients were recruited and 160 (141 women), completed the four months of follow, up. In this subgroup, at the start and end of the intervention, a BM equal to or greater than 30 kg/m(2) was observed in 69% and 52% of subjects respectively, a systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 140 min Hg was observed in 24% and 6% respectively, a diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 90 min Hg was observed in 28% and 9% respectively, a blood glucose equal to or greater than 100 mg/dL was observed in 61% and 19% respectively, a plasma insulin equal to or greater than 12,5 mu Ui/ml was observed in 49% and 34016 respectively and a HOAM equal to or greater than 2.5 was observed in 63% and 42% respectively (all these comparisons are significant with a p <0.05). Conclusions. In those patients that completed the follow up period, this intervention induced a significant decrease of some CVRF, such as BM, fasting glucose levels and HOMA index.