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Análisis de la distribución de la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática en las comunas del Área Metropolitana de Santiago, en los períodos 2001-2005 y 2007-2011, bajo el enfoque de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud
(Universidad de Chile, 2023)
Geografía Médica y las Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS). Las cirrosis hepáticas pertenecen al conjunto de las enfermedades crónicas o no-transmisibles (ENTs), de desarrollo gradual y larga duración, y cuyo costo de tratamiento es excesivamente alto...
This work analyzes the impact of social inequalities on health, through an evolutionary analysis of the distribution of mortality due to liver cirrhosis in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (AMS, in its Spanish acronym), between the periods from 2001 to 2005 and 2007 to 2011, in addition to address the differences between the population of the thirty-four communes that compose it, measuring the relative risk between them to develop liver cirrhosis, making use of information belonging to the national database of deaths of the Department of Statistics and Health Information of the Ministry of Health (DEIS-MINSAL in its Spanish acronym), as well as various demographic variables and socioeconomic indicators, based on the approaches of Medical Geography and Social Determinants of Health (SDH). Liver cirrhosis belongs to the set of chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which have gradual and long-term development, and whose cost of treatment is excessively high, progressively and severely affecting the quality of life of patients, mainly elderly people. NCDs originate from multiple causes and are associated with various risk factors, having a strong relationship with social inequality and poverty. They also include neoplasms (cancers), diabetes, as well as coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. The changes at the social, economic, demographic and technological level that took place since the Industrial Revolution gave rise to an epidemiological transition process, which was radicalized as unprecedented advances took place in fields such as medicine and the food industry, from milestones such as the invention of the vaccine, the development of public health infrastructure or the discovery of penicillin; thus, in the twentieth century, the setback and eradication of multiple infectious diseases was reached, increasing life expectancy in much of the countries of the world, where NCDs are positioned as the main causes of death, so which currently kill 41 million people at year worldwide, that being 71% of deaths (WHO, 2018). Chile, currently one of the most unequal countries in the world, follows the previously mentioned global tendency, so that in the results presented in the First Atlas of Mortality in Chile 2001-2008 (Icaza et al., 2013), NCDs are listed as the main causes of death both among men and women. However, in said period, liver cirrhosis, a disease that constitutes the final stage of chronic liver diseases, is one of the main causes of death, something that distinguishes the Chilean reality from that of the rest of the countries that compose the western hemisphere. The results of this work show evident spatial inequalities, associated to historical and social processes, regarding mortality rates and the relative risk of developing liver cirrhosis between the most affluent communities of Greater Santiago (located as a cluster in the north-eastern extreme of the city and the calls affected the cone of high income), and the peripheral communes of Santiago, characterized by having a more disadvantaged state in terms of their socioeconomic indicators, and which are part of a "crescent of higher mortality". The relationship of the development of liver cirrhosis with risk factors linked to diet and daily behaviours affects the present extremely unequal evolutionary rates and trends between different age ranges, as well as between men and women, showing a higher overall mortality among the male population of the 34 municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, although with a gradual tendency to decrease; and a much lower level of mortality, but with a sustained increase, among the female population....
This work analyzes the impact of social inequalities on health, through an evolutionary analysis of the distribution of mortality due to liver cirrhosis in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (AMS, in its Spanish acronym), between the periods from 2001 to 2005 and 2007 to 2011, in addition to address the differences between the population of the thirty-four communes that compose it, measuring the relative risk between them to develop liver cirrhosis, making use of information belonging to the national database of deaths of the Department of Statistics and Health Information of the Ministry of Health (DEIS-MINSAL in its Spanish acronym), as well as various demographic variables and socioeconomic indicators, based on the approaches of Medical Geography and Social Determinants of Health (SDH). Liver cirrhosis belongs to the set of chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which have gradual and long-term development, and whose cost of treatment is excessively high, progressively and severely affecting the quality of life of patients, mainly elderly people. NCDs originate from multiple causes and are associated with various risk factors, having a strong relationship with social inequality and poverty. They also include neoplasms (cancers), diabetes, as well as coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. The changes at the social, economic, demographic and technological level that took place since the Industrial Revolution gave rise to an epidemiological transition process, which was radicalized as unprecedented advances took place in fields such as medicine and the food industry, from milestones such as the invention of the vaccine, the development of public health infrastructure or the discovery of penicillin; thus, in the twentieth century, the setback and eradication of multiple infectious diseases was reached, increasing life expectancy in much of the countries of the world, where NCDs are positioned as the main causes of death, so which currently kill 41 million people at year worldwide, that being 71% of deaths (WHO, 2018). Chile, currently one of the most unequal countries in the world, follows the previously mentioned global tendency, so that in the results presented in the First Atlas of Mortality in Chile 2001-2008 (Icaza et al., 2013), NCDs are listed as the main causes of death both among men and women. However, in said period, liver cirrhosis, a disease that constitutes the final stage of chronic liver diseases, is one of the main causes of death, something that distinguishes the Chilean reality from that of the rest of the countries that compose the western hemisphere. The results of this work show evident spatial inequalities, associated to historical and social processes, regarding mortality rates and the relative risk of developing liver cirrhosis between the most affluent communities of Greater Santiago (located as a cluster in the north-eastern extreme of the city and the calls affected the cone of high income), and the peripheral communes of Santiago, characterized by having a more disadvantaged state in terms of their socioeconomic indicators, and which are part of a "crescent of higher mortality". The relationship of the development of liver cirrhosis with risk factors linked to diet and daily behaviours affects the present extremely unequal evolutionary rates and trends between different age ranges, as well as between men and women, showing a higher overall mortality among the male population of the 34 municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, although with a gradual tendency to decrease; and a much lower level of mortality, but with a sustained increase, among the female population....
El ejercicio profesional desempeñado desde la psicología de la salud por psicólogas/os del Hospital San Juan de Dios en la Región Metropolitana
(Universidad de Chile, 2019)
La Psicología de la Salud se ha instaurado producto de una nueva forma de pensamiento en salud, ésta considera la dimensión psicosocial en el proceso de salud-enfermedad a nivel conceptual, metodológico y en la organización de los servicios...
Determinantes de conductas en salud oral de embarazadas chilenas e inmigrantes peruanas usuarias del servicio de atención primaria de la comuna de Independencia
(Universidad de Chile, 2009)
ligados a la cultura de origen y a las
dinámicas particulares de cada grupo en su adaptación al país receptor.
Determinantes de Conductas en Salud Oral (DCSO)
Los cambios históricos, económicos y sociales a los que el mundo se ha visto
sometido...
ciertos sin el respaldado de bases científicas(25). Dentro del ámbito de la salud, los conocimientos y creencias son determinantes de la salud individual y colectiva. Actúan como elementos modificadores de conductas sociales y culturales, siendo estos...
ciertos sin el respaldado de bases científicas(25). Dentro del ámbito de la salud, los conocimientos y creencias son determinantes de la salud individual y colectiva. Actúan como elementos modificadores de conductas sociales y culturales, siendo estos...
El rol del agente comunitario de salud
(Universidad de Chile, 2017)
sobre los determinantes sociales de salud.
El rol que ejercen los agentes comunitarios en la comunidad es diverso y depende de las
necesidades locales. (Hohl et al. 2014). Si bien la mayoría de los estudios coinciden en el
rol de promotores de salud...
determinantes sociales de la salud y también para poder afrontarlos de manera eficaz. Pinzón, Díaz-Quijano, Yañez y Mesa (2015) realizaron una revisión para evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones de los agentes comunitarios en salud materno infantil en...
determinantes sociales de la salud y también para poder afrontarlos de manera eficaz. Pinzón, Díaz-Quijano, Yañez y Mesa (2015) realizaron una revisión para evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones de los agentes comunitarios en salud materno infantil en...
Ley AUGE, herramienta para la disminución de la exclusión social en salud: visión desde los actores involucrados
(Universidad de Chile, 2012)
provocado el Auge en la diminución de la exclusión en salud en chile y por ende en la extensión de la Protección Social de Salud en Chile. Tomando como marco referencial, los procesos vividos en los avances en materia de salud, a consecuencia de la...
Creencias, conocimientos y prácticas en salud oral de la población indígena mapuche-williche de Isla Huapi, Región de Los Ríos
(Universidad de Chile, 2009)
Población de Isla Huapi 4
o Cultura y Salud 5
o Determinantes Sociales de la Salud 6
o Determinantes de Conductas en Salud Oral y
Promoción en Salud 7
Conocimientos y Creencias en Salud Oral 9
Modelo de Creencias en Salud 10...
social respecto de la sociedad mayor. Las condiciones culturales, ambientales, sociales y económicas en que las personas viven y trabajan, que impactan sobre la salud, son conocidos, en Salud Pública, como Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS...
social respecto de la sociedad mayor. Las condiciones culturales, ambientales, sociales y económicas en que las personas viven y trabajan, que impactan sobre la salud, son conocidos, en Salud Pública, como Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS...
Relación entre determinantes psicosociales de conductas con el estado de salud oral en embarazadas chilenas y peruanas
(Universidad de Chile, 2010)
Biopsicosocial y Determinantes Sociales.
Los cambios históricos, económicos y sociales a los que el mundo se ha visto
sometido, han configurado un escenario nuevo en materia de salud. Ya desde el
año 1987, en que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS...
resultado de la distribución del dinero, el poder y los recursos a nivel mundial, nacional y local, que depende a su vez de las políticas adoptadas. Los determinantes sociales de la salud explican la mayor parte de las inequidades sanitarias, esto es, de...
resultado de la distribución del dinero, el poder y los recursos a nivel mundial, nacional y local, que depende a su vez de las políticas adoptadas. Los determinantes sociales de la salud explican la mayor parte de las inequidades sanitarias, esto es, de...
Influencia de la participación y la identidad con el lugar en la actitud hacia el enfoque de salud comunitario e intercultural en funcionarios de atención primaria
(Universidad de Chile, 2015-12)
La Atención Primaria busca cercanía con las personas, familias y comunidad, siendo su fundamento el modelo de Salud Integral, Familiar y Comunitario, de Enfoque participativo e Intercultural, destacando el importante rol de los funcionarios. La...
Salud mental en desastres naturales: estrategias interventivas con adultos mayores en sectores rurales de Chile
(Sage, 2016)
los que se basa. Como resultado de este proceso, se propone una estrategia que trabaje a través de la identificación de las propias experiencias y fortalezas de los sujetos. De tal forma se minimizan los efectos negativos de los determinantes sociales...
Recesión económica y salud pública
(Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, 2008)
efectos de la crisis mundial en la sa-
lud de nuestro pueblo. Las recomendaciones de OMS son plenamente aplicables en nuestro país: no
reducir porcentaje PBI en salud; priorizar grupos vulnerables; trabajar en los determinantes sociales;
trabajar hacia...
convincentes, la fi nan- ciación de la atención y la promoción de la salud generalmente vulnerable a los cortes en el gasto social de los gobiernos. Debemos recordar que en épocas de estrechez fi nanciera la gente tiende a migra de los servicios privados a...
convincentes, la fi nan- ciación de la atención y la promoción de la salud generalmente vulnerable a los cortes en el gasto social de los gobiernos. Debemos recordar que en épocas de estrechez fi nanciera la gente tiende a migra de los servicios privados a...